宾语从句讲解.doc

宾语从句宾语从句是名词性从句的一种。在主从复合句中充当宾语，位于及物动词、介词或复合谓语之后的从句称为宾语从句。宾语从句分为三类：动词的宾语从句，介词的宾语从句和形容词的宾语从句。用法宾语从句结构：主语+谓语+由连词引导宾语从句（陈述语序）从属连词连接宾语从句的从属连词主要有that,if,whether，和疑问词（what， how， where， when .)。1）that （无词义，不做成分）; if,whether(表达是否的意思，但是不做句子的成分)that引导表示陈述句的宾语从句，if和whether，whether.or not引导表示“是否”的一般疑问句的宾语从句。If和whether的区别：if和whether在作“是否”理解时，引导宾语从句常放在动词know,ask,care,wonder,find out等之后，介词后一般不用if。少数动词，如：leave,put,discuss,doubt后的宾语从句常用whether。whether后可以加or not,但是if不可以。在不定式前只能用whether。一般“no matter”后表示“是否”用whether而不用if。2）连接代词主要有：who,whom,whose,what,whoever,whomever,whosever,whatever,whichever等。连接代词一般指疑问，但what,whatever除了指疑问外，也可以指陈述。Tell him which class you are in Do you know what he likes？3）连接副词主要有when,where,why,how,whenever,wherever,however等。 He didnt tell me when we should meet again. 他没有告诉我什么时候我们能再见面。注：宾语从句通常跟在名词或代词后面。宾语从句-动宾从句大多数及物动词都可以带宾语从句。部分“动词+副词”结构也可以带宾语从句。动词短语也可以带宾语从句，常见的这些词有：make sure（确保）、make up ones mind（下决心）、keep in mind（牢记）可运用形式宾语it代替的宾语从句动词find,feel,consider,make,believe,think等后面有宾语补足语的时候，则需要用it做形式宾语而将that宾语从句后置。有些动词带宾语从句时需要在宾语与从句前加it（双宾语）这类动词主要有：hate,take,owe,have,see.to.award,lend.hand,mail,offer,pass,pay,post,read,return,show,teach,tell宾语从句-介宾从句用whether之类的介词宾语从句。用that,if引导的介词宾语从句，有时候except,but,besides三个介词后可见到that引导的宾语从句。宾语从句-形容词+宾从句有些形容词具有动词的含义，所以也可以带一个宾语从句；例句：I am sorry I am late.I am glad that you can join us.Are you sure his answer is right?常用来引导宾语从句的形容词有：sure,certain,glad,please,happy,sorry,afraid,satisfied,surprised宾语从句否定转移注： 否定前移的条件是，主句主语是第一人称主句的谓语动词是think,believe,imagine,suppose,consider,expect,fancy,guess等，并且主句的主语是第一人称而且为一般现在时，从句的否定词一般要转移到主句上来.否定前移的反意问句完成反意问句时，应与从句主、谓保持一致。如果宾语从句中有某个含有否定意义的形容词或副词，其反义疑问句要用肯定形式.我们通常称为否定前移。eg I dont think you are right,are you？ I dont believe they have finished their work yet,have they？宾语从句时态和语序当主句为现在时或将来时,宾语从句的时态一般不受主句的时态所影响.当主句为过去时从句用一般过去时或过去进行时表示与主句谓语动词动作同时发生从句过去完成时表示该动作发生在主句谓语动作之前从句谓语用过去将来时表示该动作发生在主句谓语动作之后如果从句是一个客观真理，那么从句的时态不根据主句的时态而变化当宾语从句的引导词是who,which,what,when,where,how,why等表疑问时，不能按正常语序安排，经常将这类引导词置于句首无论任何时候都为陈述语序.但也有部分口语提问例外 E.G:Whats the matter?Whats wrong with you?宾语从句学习技巧学习宾语从句要抓住三要素：引导词、语序和时态。一、引导词1从句为陈述句，常选择引导词that或将that省略，直接与主句相连。2从句为一般疑问句，常选择引导词if或whether。在 whether or not 结构中不能用 if 替换。3从句为特殊疑问句，常选择what,when,where,which,who,how等疑问代词、疑问副词作引导词。 注意：当who为主语时，句式为：who+谓语+其他。从句的引导词有很多，如：say, think, wish , hope, see, believe, agree, expect, hear , feel等。二、判断时态情况1主句是一般现在时，从句为各种时态。2主句是一般过去时，从句为各种相应过去时态。 注意：从句描绘客观事实，用一般现在时。He answered that he was listening to me.3关系代词：that，who，whom,whose,which1 The teacher told the children that the sun_ round. A.was B. is C. were D. are2 I believe that our team_ the basketball match. A.win B. wonC. will winD. wins三、宾语从句的用法1.that引导宾语从句无意义，不充当句子成分常省略。但是在书面上最好不要省略。下列情况除外：介词宾语从句的that不能省略。 and连接的两个从句，两个从句的that不能省略。He told me that he had two sons and that they both had gone to college.在动词+it+宾语补足语+宾语从句结构中，that不省略。I heard it said that he had gone abroadWe found it impossible that he could finish it in such a short time2.许多带复合宾语的句子，宾语从句经常移到句子后部，而用it做形式宾语。结构是：主语 + 动词 + it + 形容词/名词等宾语补足语 + 宾语从句We think it wrong that he told a lie to everyone.宾语从句的语序要用陈述句语序。False: He is wondering when can he finish this difficult job.Right: He is wondering when he can finish this difficult job. 有时候可以用it 作形式宾语，而把真正的宾语从句放在后面。Bad: I thought that he could finish this job in just two hours impossible.Good: I thought it impossible that he could finish this job in just two hours. 带有宾语从句的复合句的否定形式一般是否定主句。Bad: I think he doesnt like the English teacher.Good: I dont think he likes the English teacher. 主句一般过去时态，从句也要用过去时态；具体细节请看第一部分。False: He wanted to know why he is crying in the corner.Right: He wanted to know why he was crying in the corner.（4）宾语从句后置如果宾语从句后有宾语补语，用it作形式宾语，把宾语从句后置egYou may think it strange that he would live there（5）that不可省略宾语从句that常可省略，但在以下情况下不能省略A当主句谓语动词带有两个或两个以上宾语从句时，可以省略第一个that，其他不能省略。egI believe（that）you have done your best and that things will get betterB当it作形式宾语时egShe made it clear that she had nothing to do with himC当宾语从句前置时egThat our team will win，I believe(6)由陈述句变成宾语从句时，要注意人称的变化。例：She said: “I have been to England before.”She said that she had been to England before.(7)宾语从句与简单句的交换。由连接代词和连接副词引导的宾语从句，如果宾语从句的主语和主句的主语是同一个人时，可以用“疑问词+不定式”做宾语的简单句结构。例：I dont know what I should do next.- I dont know what to do next.1 Can you see_ A.what hes reading B. what is he reading C.what does he read D. he reads what2Does Jack come from Japan? Do you know?(合并成一个句子)-Do you know_Jack _from Japan扩充： 运用虚拟语气在表示：建议 suggest 、advise、propose; 要求demand 、desire、request； 决定 decide; 命令 order、command、require; 坚决主张 insist;等动词后接宾语从句，用（should）+v（虚拟语气）eg I suggested that you（should）study hard He ordered that we should go out at once