高考英语语法填空解题技巧与练习1.doc

高考英语语法填空解题技巧与练习1本文章内容导读一、动词(谓语/非谓语) 二、名词 三、代词 四、冠词 五、介词 六、连词(从属连词/并列连词) 七、情态动词 八、形容词/副词 九、挖掉表示起承转合的副词或副词性短语 十、词形变化或者词性变化十一、特殊句型（或固定短语） 十二、定语从句的引导词 十三、状语从句 十四、名词性从句十五、 时态、语态 十六、 非谓语动词和独立主格结构 十七、 倒装语序、主谓一致关系、强调结构及其他 语法填空的考查范围：1 语境(上下文）；2 语法： 动词（时态、语态、主谓一致、非谓语形式）、名词、代词、冠词、介词、连词 固定搭配、情态动词、复合句、形容词和副词的比较级最高级及构词法、倒装等。语法填空的能力要求：1.阅读/理解语篇的能力 2.分析句子结构的能力3.熟练运用语法的能力 4.单词拼写能力和逻辑推理能力等，对中下层考生来说，难度较大。重点复习：掌握句子的基本结构首先，我们必须熟练掌握简单句的基本句型结构：（1） 主语+谓语（+宾语+宾补） （2） 主语+系动词+表语其次，我们要充分了解充当各个句子成分的典型词类：（1） 充当主语或宾语的典型词类是名词或代词。此外，还有动名词、不定式短语等。（2） 充当谓语的一定是动词。（3） 充当补语或表语的典型词类是形容词。（4） 在名词前作定语的典型词类是形容词或形容词性物主代词。（5） 作状语的典型词类是副词。再次，我们还要掌握句子的扩展结构：两个或几个简单句之间若不用句号或分号，就必须要用连词，否则，句子的结构就不完整。连词主要有以下四类：（1） 用and, but,or,while(而，却)，when（就在这个时候）等构成并列句。（2） 用if,unless,before,after,until,although,though,as,since,because,so,so that等构成含状语从句的复合句（3） 用who, which, that, when, where, why等构成含定语从句的复合句。（这里要提醒考生的是往往不给任何提示的空就是填连词或关系词的，但也须结合句子结构来分析。）（4） 用that,if/whether(是否)，wh-等构成含名词性从句的复合句。解题方法：用句子结构分析法巧解语法填空.分析句子的结构对解答语法填空题很有帮助。在解答语法填空题时，分析句子结构可以迅速确定所要填的词语的词类或大致方向，若再结合语境就可以很快得出具体的词语或词形，结合语境方面要特别注意短文的时态和上下文中的一些提示。如: 阅读下面短文，根据上下文填入适当的词语，或使用括号中的词语的适当形式填空，并将答案填写在答题卡上标号的相应位置。下面是一些基本语法的解析，结合以往的一些单项选择考题作为理解之用(加深对基础语法的理解,对各个部分都有指导作用)：一、动词(谓语/非谓语) 给出动词的原形，根据句子结构的需要给出其适当的形式。填动词形式，首先抓住主谓结构，确定主句，剩下的部分，如有连词，则是句子，仍然有主谓结构，否则就用非谓语；是谓语就思考时态，语态，主谓一致，是非谓语就看主动被动，有否先后关系。动词及动词短语辨析主要考查的知识点：每年必考的考点，主要从以下几个角度来命题： 惯性用法。测试语境中动词的词义辨析；测试一些习惯用语中的动词；测试一些系动词。下列动词组成的短语：break，carry，come，get，give，go，look，pick，send，set，take，turn。英语词组的深层含义挖掘、多种含义拓宽也是当今考题的一个热点。每年的高考英语科考试大纲中虽列出了单词和词组，但并未注明其具体的含义，这就给命题者留下了自由的伸缩空间。所以在复习时，不能拘泥于其在教材上的含义，要大胆地对其深层含义进行挖掘。如：go out便可挖掘出以下含义：出去；出国；发出去；贴出去；出去参加社交活动；离家出去工作；压塌；（火）熄灭；过时；死去；消失；辞职；下台；结束；罢工等。（在完形填空中多加注意）1. Ms Chen _ (teach) me English since Junior 1, and to show my appreciation I decided to get her a present. （广州一模）2. I was certain she would like it because I _ (tell) by my classmates that she loved hot food. （广州一模）3. The exam, which was originally to be held in our classroom,_ (change) to the library at the last minute. .(广州二模) 4.I had to leave work to take him to the hospital because he _ (break) his finger. （深二模）5.The child, Nicole Hobson,_ (take) by her mother to Childrens Memorial Hospital about 11 p.m., Wednesday to check （汕头二模）6.A transit spokesman said the driver should _ (make) radio call to the control center for help. （汕头二模）7.An official from the Ministry of Education said that China follows an educational policy that_ (encourage) students to study abroad. （茂名二模）8.One of them was a visitor, saying he wouldnt have been there if he _ (watch)the weather forecast the day before. (梅州二模)9. We must also consider the reaction of the person _ (receive) the gift. （广州一模）10 With the problem (solve), I felt proud of my achievement. .(广州二模)11 I then noticed that I had just 10 minutes left_ (complete) the rest. .(广州二模)12._ ( compare) with the previous year, the number of students who went abroad for study was increased by 15 ,000, or a rise of 13%. （茂名二模）13We must practise speaking and_ (write) the language whenever we can. 14but it is not enough only _ (memorize) rules from a grammar book. （佛山一模）15. The television viewer makes no choice and no judgment. He is completely passive and has everything _ (present) to him without any effort on his part. （东莞一模）二、名词主要考查的知识点：名词的用法,语境中词性的判断，词的转化。在语法填空题中常出现给一个提示词要求用它的正确形式填空，重点复习：掌握名词单复数的变化规律以及与相近语法的关系（名词单复数的使用受冠词、数词和主谓一致等语法的制约，因此复习名词单复数时，应注意分析名词前的数词、量词、冠词等修饰语情况，还应注意主谓一致问题）。熟悉、区别可数不可数（英语中有些名词有时为可数名词，而有时又是不可数名词，其区别由各自不同的用法而定，这是名词可数性用法的难点）。如：work 工作，不可数名词；著作 作品，可数；工厂 作坊，可数；工程 工事，可数。掌握名词所有格的表示方法和名词作定语的用法，特别注意 else的所有格、双重所有格的用法。1Father went to his doctor for_ (advise)about his heart trouble 2. There are ten_ (woman)teachers and two hundred _(girl) students in the school3. Facing cut-throat _ (compete) in all subjects, students must devote as much of their time as possible. 4. I shall never fear difficulty and I shall never know the _ (exist) of the word “failure”. 6. Not long ago he sent _(word) that he would return with his family. 7. She was in London and spent her _(young) in China.8. The _ (erupt) of Mount Kilauea, one of the most active volcanoes in Hawaii, is always taking people by surprise. 9. His _ (curious) made him wonder about clouds. 11. The number of languages is getting smaller all the time because of the steady _ (grow) of bigger languages. 12. Tight jeans and trousers, short skirts and even sensible flat shoes may all cause _ (ill). 三、代词 主要考查的知识点：不定代词和替代词的用法，It的用法和人称代词宾格。复习重点：指代必须准确无误。在使用人称代词、反身代词、物主代词这三类代词时，要注意它们在句中的人称、单复数及性别与所有格的一致性。疑问代词的用法。it，one，that是高考命题锁定的三个代词。1. I patiently walked to the library, took my seat and did some deep breathing to help _relax （广州二模）2. The little boy pulled_ right hand out of the pocket and studied a number of coins in it. （深一模）3. the driver did _ to help and even stopped once to pick up more passengers.（汕头二模）4If you give your children that they can never do anything quite right, then they will regard _ as unfit or unable persons. （深圳罗湖）5. Some 134,000 Chinese students went to study abroad, and 120,000 of _ were self-funded students,（茂名二模）6Firstly, we must understand the language when we hear_ spoken.（佛山一模）四、冠词主要考查的知识点：冠词的基本用法、零冠词的用法、抽象名词具体化和固定搭配。复习重点：（1）定冠词的用法：主要是一些记忆性的东西，比较繁杂，可以记几个顺口溜：特指双熟悉，上文已提及；世上独无二，序数最高级；普转专有名，习语及乐器。 特指”指某些人或事物。如：The Englishmen in the dining room are having supper now.谈话双方都熟悉的人或事物，即“语境特指”。如：Take the medicine. 上文已提及的人或事物，即“前照应特指”。如：He bought a house. I have been to the house. 世界上独一无二的事物。如：The sun sets. 序数词或形容词最高级前。如：I live on the second floor. 由普通名词构成的专有名词前。如：The United States. 一些习惯短语中或西洋乐器前。如：in the way，by the hour，on the other hand，all the year round，play the piano the violin.2）不加冠词的几种情况：下列情况应免冠，代词限定名词前；专有名词不可数，学科球类三餐饭；复数名词表泛指，两节星期月份前；颜色语种和国名，称呼习语及头衔。名词前已有作定语用的 this，that，some，any，my等限定词。专有名词和不可数名词前。如：Unity is strength.表示学科的名词前。如：Economics is different from politics.球类活动的名词及三餐总称前。如：He likes playing football and always has supper outside. 复数名词表示泛指（一类人或事物）时。如：They are students and we are teachers.节日、季节、星期、月份前。如：Spring follows winter. We have few classes on Sunday. 表示颜色、语种和国家的非全称名词前。如：White is a beautiful color in China. 在称呼语或表示头衔的名词前。如：Where is Dad，Mum？Bush was made president of the USA again. 某些习惯短语中。如：in bed，in spite of，by chance，lose heart，catch fire，catch sight of，go to school，find fault with，make use of，take exception to（反对）。（零冠词在语法填空的练习中只出现过一次，正规模拟考试中没有出现过，我们只作了解，不作为重点。）3）不定冠词的几种特殊用法：专有名词前用不定冠词，表示“像的一个人或物”。如：He thinks he is a Napoleon.姓名前用不定冠词，表示“某个叫的人”，多指不认识的人。如：A Miss Smith came to see you that afternoon.用于某些物质名词前，表示“一种、一份、一阵”等。如：What would you like to drink？A tea and a coffee.用于某些抽象名词前，使抽象概念具体化。这种用法的名词有 surprise，knowledge，success，failure，pleasure，interest，joy等等。如：All his efforts ended in failure.不定冠词用在population，history，area，height，weight，depth，length，speed等词前。1 But my mood quickly changed when I saw_ first question. (广州二模)2 Then I went to the department store and bought her _ expensive gift box of Sichuan beef. .(广州一模)3. Tom,_ 8yearold boy, entered a hotel coffee shop. （深一模）4He talked about how I wrestled with him in the evenings and _ good many other things. （深二模）5. I told the bus driver that my baby had just had heart operation and that she was having _ heart failure. （汕头二模）6.Television is not only a convenient source of entertainment, but also _ comparatively cheap one.（东莞一模）五、介词介词为虚词，不能单独充当句子成分，必须同名词、代词、短语、句子构成介词短语，才能充当句子成分。介词短语在句中常作表语、定语、状语和补足语。介词的用法比较复杂，在英语学习中须多多注意。 想看基础知识，请看介词。 下面我们来学点介词口诀。帮你快速记单词。 before时空在之前， after之后off远。 直上 over，above斜， under，below下相反。 直到till，on表面， 穿过through，for因缘。 by表旁边in里面， with伴随by车船。 时间地点at、in、on， 二者between多among， behind后面beside旁， 附近near沿着along。 from来自like像， 表示目的for，to当。 of所属周围round， 向上up向下down。 1.I was always told that the three Ps,were a sure path_ success. (广州二模)2Dont be always particular _ your present work and income. (惠州一模)3. It began to make sense to me that I could include praise along _ constructive criticism. （深二模）4. He showed the public a limited edition four-wheel drive car, which is especially made _his personal taste. (梅州一模)5. Five were in critical condition_ head trauma(外伤, 损伤), said Liz Crouch, the centers chief operating officer. (梅州二模)6There is no easy way to success _ language learning.六、连词(从属连词/并列连词) A) 引导各种从句的连词叫从属连词。如名词性从句的引导词what, who, which, when, where, whatever, whoever, whichever, whether；副词从句引导词where, wherever, when, if , how, unless, until 1. Many things must be considered such as _ the person is interested in and how old he is. （广州一模）2.My face turned red on hearing _ my mother said. (惠州一模)3. she would point out_ they had mastered and declared firmly they could learn what they had missed. （深圳罗湖）4The American Academy of Pediatrics (儿科) says_ children really need for health development is more good, old-fashioned playtime.(四校联考)5. I almost started to yell his name _ I suddenly remembered he was in bed asleep. （深二模）6._ children believe they can succeed, they will never become totally independent.7. Statistics show that_ China carried out the opening - up policy, a total of one million students have gone abroad for study. （茂名二模）8_ we are satisfied with only a few rules we have memorized, we are not really learning the language. （佛山一模）9. Some people, however, maintain that this is precisely _ the danger lies. B) 并列句的各种关联词叫并列连词。如and, but, or, though, although, so 挖掉关联词，要想补上连词，思路必须与作者思路相吻合。 1 I had no idea how to do it. I tried to stay positive and persevered _ I finally found the solution. （广州二模）2 I asked my classmates about her interest _ I made my final decision. （广州一模）3.Tom, an 8yearold boy, entered a hotel coffee shop _ sat at a table.（深一模）七、情态动词主要考查的知识点：情态动词的基本含义和用法；情态动词表推测的用法以及“情态动词 + have+ v ed”结构等。重点复习： may might，can could 表 示 可 能。 must can could may might（have done）表示对过去发生事情的推测。should ought to + have + done表示对过去的责备。would rather + have done以及 had better + have done表示后悔。will shall表示请求，许可。could might should have done表示虚拟语气。八、形容词/副词主要考查的知识点：形容词作定语，形容词和副词的比较等级，词义比较等。重点复习：形容词和副词均属修饰性词类，但因被修饰的内容有所不同而具备不同的用法，高考非常注重对此进行考查，在完形填空和语法填空中出现过大量此类试题。（形容词与连系动词连用及修饰名词；修饰行为动词、形容词、副词、过去分词及整个句中用副词）两个事物进行比较应用比较级，三个或三个以上事物进行比较应用最高级。形容词和副词在特定的语境中词义的比较。比较级的程度修饰语（much，very much，a lot，a great deal，far，by far，even，still，a bit，a little，rather，any，数词，倍数，分数，百分数等）。易混副词的辨析。如：specially /especially/ particularly等。 1. One of the _ (bad) gift choices I ever made was for my high school English teacher, Ms Chen. （广州一模） 2. I put the paper aside and turned to the _ one, at the top of which（深二模）3. Many other actors are _ _ (badly)off than me at present,(惠州一模)4. In 2006, over 40,000 overseas students came back, with 33,000 of them being self-fund students, 20% _ than the year before. （茂名二模）九、挖掉表示起承转合的副词或副词性短语 此功能于关联词相似。只是这种副词（短语）在用法上更加灵活多变。典型的有though, however, also, therefore, still, besides, in addition, instead, or ,otherwise，first, second, then, finally, in a word等等。1This, _ , didnt bother me because maths had always been my strongest subject. (广州二模)2. Dont always scold and give lots of praise _ （深圳罗湖）十、词形变化或者词性变化给出单词的原形，通过句子分析，缺少什么成分，再用正确的单词形式补充完整。这属于比较基础的单词拼写方面的能力要求。1 Mr Chen has taught me English since Junior 1, and to show my _ (appreciate) I decided to get her a present. (广州一模)2. _ (fortunate), I then noticed that I had just 10 minutes to complete the rest. (广州二模) 3. Some people were now waiting for her service and the waitress grew a bit_ (patience). （深一模）4. “Thirty-five cents,” she said _ (rude). （深一模）5. I dont know if he placed the poem next to the failing grade to _ (soft) the blow, but it work. （深二模）6. I must know how to care for others and try not to _ (understand) them. (惠州一模)7. you have done well and made great achievement in the _ _ (entertain) field. (惠一模)8. These people have made great_ (contribute) to China with their work.（茂名二模）9. to check her_ (recent) inserted (插入) pacemaker. （汕头二模）10The tornadoes damaged several_(new) built buildings,(梅州二模)11Numerous studies have shown that free play is very _ (benefit). It can help children become creative(四校联考)12 they can see plays, films, operas, and shows of every kind, not to mention the latest _ (excite) football match. （东莞一模）十一、特殊句型（或固定短语）考查对固定结构（短语）的熟悉掌握程度。属于字词层面考查语法。 1.It was not long _ the waitress came back and then she began to wipe down the table.2. _ was only after I heard she became sick that I learned she couldnt eat MSG! （广州一模）3. So careless was I _ I had forgotten all about that. （深二模）4.as a matter of _ , you have done well and made great achievement(惠州一模)十二、定语从句的引导词 主要考查的知识点：引导定语从句的关系代词和关系副词的选择，非限制性定语从句，由 whose，where，when，that，as和“介词 + 关系代词”引导的定语从句是高考的热点。复习重点：when引导的定语从句。where引导的定语从句和地点状语从句、表语从句的区别。which引导非限制性定语从句时（句子作先行词）和并列句的区别。as引导的定语从句“such.as、the same.as”，以及和目的 结果状语从句的辨别。分隔式定语从句的识别。能够区别定语从句和同位语从句。1.The exam,_ was originally to be held in our classroom, was changed to the library at the last minute.(广州二模)2 Then I went to the department store_ I worked part-time and bought her an expensive gift box of Sichuan beef. （广州一模）3. It was a poem about me, _ included the time （深二模）4. At the same time, there had been a growing number of overseas students _came back to China after study. （茂名二模）5. More and more Chinese students go abroad for study,_ is supported by the Chinese government. （茂名二模）十三、状语从句 主要考查的知识点：时间、目的、条件、原因、地点和让步状语从句。重点复习：时间状语从句，尤其是 as，since，while，when，before，until等连接词。when / where引导的状语从句和定语从句的区别。让步状语从句的倒装。与非谓语动词作状语的区别和转化。1 No sooner had he arrived _ he went away again. 2 _ he was tired, he kept on working.3 She didnt get up _ her mother came in.4 The thief had hardly entered the house _ he was caught.5. Scientists say it may be five or ten years _ it is possible to test this medicine on human patients.6. We were swimming in the lake _ suddenly the storm started.十四、名词性从句主要考查的知识点：名词性从句主要考查语序、时态和引导词。重点复习：whether，if和 that的区别。that从句和 wh- 从句的区别。wh- 引导的名词性从句不含疑问意义，相当于一个名词后加定语从句。如：The book is where you left it just now.连接代词和连接副词的选择。1._ hell attend the meeting is not known yet.2.It is known to all that _ you exercise regularly, you wont keep good health.十五、 时态、语态主要考查的知识点：动词的时态、语态是每年的必考点，也是历年高考重点考查的项目，通常考 2 3个小题。重点考查的是现在完成时、一般过去时、过去进行时、将来完成时、完成进行时等，多和语态一起考查；且通常以对话的形式出现且常出现两种时态混合在一起进行比较。时态理解不准确是考生常见的错误。把握住命题人的意图是至关重要的。一般来说，命题人在考查时态这个内容时总是设置一个语言情景来实现，所以理解语言情景是关键，同时要在这个语言环境里找到动作发生的时间或隐含的时间关系，只要理解了情景与动作的时间关系，对照选项，就不难把握命题意图。注意不要断章取义，同时还要注意时态一致。重点复习：一般现在时和一般过去时的区别。现在完成时和一般过去时的区别。一般过去时同过去完成时的区别。一般现在时和现在进行时以及一般过去时同过去进行时的区别。“系动词 + 过去分词”的用法。如：get paid；remain covered；look lost等形式的用法。进行时态的被动语态及主动表被动的用法。1. To find the street where I lived in my childhood is no easy task because the city _ （change）so rapidly all these years. 2. He _ (swim) quite well, but he hasnt had time to swim since this summer.3 Jimmy said that he would come to pick me up, but he _ (turn up )by now.4. Im terribly sorry for being late, but I _ (catch) the wrong bus.5. The truth, sir, is that the old man _ (walk) across the road when my car hit him.6. I really dont think Rose will be upset, but I will go and see her in case she _.7.The lake will be further polluted unless some measures _(take.)8.The notice _ (read )“No smoking”.9. The old man _ (die) two days after he had been sent to hospital. 10I _(hope ) to take a good holiday this year, but I wasnt able to get away. 11. Helen _ (leave )her key in the office so she had to wait until her husband came home. 12.If it_ (rain ) tomorrow, I wont go to the cinema.13he students _(write) busily when Miss Brown went to get a book she _(leave) in the office. 14. I Have not moved into the new house yet ,because the rooms _(paint ),? 15. We havent heard from Jane for a long time, and What do you suppose _(happen )to her1. Rainforests _ (cut) and burned at such a speed that they will disappear from the earth in the early future.2. The police found that the house_(break into)and a lot of things_(steal).3. - Have you moved into the new house?- Not yet, The room _(paint).4. When and where to build the factory _ (not decide) yet.5. If city noises_(not keep) from increasing, people will have to shout _(hear) even at the dinner table 20 years from now.6. All the preparations for the task_(complete), and we are ready to start.7. Do let your mother know all the truth, she appears _(tell) everything.8. The first computer is generally considered _(invent) by Charles Babbage.9. Little Jim should love _(take) to the theatre this evening.10. He claimed _(treat)badly in the supermarket when he was doing shopping yesterday.11. Good care _ babies particularly while they are ill(必须照料).12. The water _(进一步污染)unless some measures _(take).13. He let me repeat his instructions to make sure that I understand _(要做的事) after he went away.14. The problem _ tomorrow is not the one _ at yesterdays meeting(讨论).15. Tom was very unhappy for _ (没有邀请)to the party.十六、 非谓语动词和独立主格结构主要考查的知识点：非谓语动词每年必考，通常考 1 3小题，主要考查: v -ing、不定式作宾语的区别。 非谓语动词作宾补的区别。 非谓语动词作状语的区别。 非谓语动词作定语时的区别。 非谓语动词的时态、语态、否定式和复合结构。（注意：多次模拟试题的语法填空中都有考到非谓语动词。）重点复习： 别非谓语动词在句中的成分，不定式、v -ing形式、过去分词各自所作的成分是不同的。识记哪些动词只能接不定式作宾语，哪些动词只能接动名词作宾语，哪些动词接不定式或动名词作宾语没有太大区别，哪些动词接不定式和动名词作宾语区别很大，哪些动词接带 to的不定式作宾语补足语，哪些动词接不带 to的不定式作宾语补足语。(stop,forget,remember,regret.etc.)have、 get 、make等动词所接的宾语补语的选用。非谓语动词作状语和状语从句的联系和区别。 熟悉解题方法。解此类题时，可用“三步曲”：首先要根据语法知识弄清句子结构，看选项作何成分，结合搭配和句式习惯确定是何种非谓语动词形式；第二步，根据非谓语动词所表示的动作与句子谓语的动作发生的先后确定用何种非谓语动词的时态；第三步，按照非谓语动词与其逻辑主语的关系确定语态，如果逻辑主语不是句子的主语，那就可判断要么是状语从句，要么是独立主格结构。1 We are looking for a hotel _( stay ) for a night.2 He was the only foreigner _( give ) such an honor.3 We consider it our duty _( safeguard ) the world peace.4 As it was very cold, we slept together _(keep ) warm.5 He is said _(work )abroad since he graduated.6 We accused him of _(play ) games during working hours.7 It is _(fright ) even to think of the horror of the nuclear war.8 I found nothing _( amaze ) in his story.9 My clumsy mistake had the girls _( laugh )giggling.10 I got home, _(feel ) very tired.11 With my girlfriend _( stand ) next to me, I felt safer.12 _( be ) away from my family for 10 years, I miss them very much.13 What is the language _( speak ) in Brazil ?14 We must keep a secret of the things _( discuss ) now.15 The meeting ended with nothing _( settle ).16 I suggest we should visit the Place Museum, _( build ) 600 years ago.17 When _( ask ) about his pr