高考英语真题和模拟类编专题语法填空含答案解析.doc

高考英语真题和模拟类编专题语法填空含答案解析2018年高考语法填空【2018全国I】阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。According to a review of evidence in a medical journal, runners live three years _61_(long) than non-runners. You dont have to run fast or for long_62_(see)the benefit. You may drink, smoke, be overweight and still reduce your risk of _63_ (die) early by running. While running regularly cannt make you live forever, the review says it _64_ (be) more effective at lengthening life_65_ walking, cycling or swimming. Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014_66_showed a mere five to 10 minutes A day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all _67_(cause).The best exercise is one that you enjoy and will do. But otherwise its probably running. To avoid knee pain, you can run on soft surfaces, do exercises to_68_(strength)your leg muscles(肌肉),avoid hills and get good running shoes. Running is cheap, easy and its always_69_(energy).If you are time poor, you need run for only half the time to get the same benefits as other sports, so perhaps we should all give_70_a try.【答案】61. longer 62. to see 63. dying 64. is 65. than 66. that which 67. causes 68. strength 69. energetic 70. it running【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了跑步的好处，它可以帮助人们延年益寿。61. 考查副词的比较级。医学报告显示：经常跑步的人比不跑步的人多活3年。根据than可知用比较级，故填longer。62. 考查不定式作目的状语。你不必跑地太快或时间太长就能看到它的好处。此处不定式作目的状语，故填to see。63. 考查动名词。你也许喝酒、吸烟或超重，但仍然通过跑步会减少早亡的风险。此处of是介词，其后用动名词。故填dying。64. 考查动词的时态。医学报告显示：跑步比散步、骑车和游泳更能有效地延长寿命。这里叙述的是一个事实，故用一般现在时。故填is。65. 考查比较句型。跑步比散步、骑车和游泳更能有效地延长寿命。根据文章中的more effective可知此处填than。 点睛：本文比较难的一个题是10题。短语give it a try不容易想出来。give a try试试。Give sb sth； give sth to sb这些短语学生都很清楚。但give后加it或sth的形式，比较少见。高考复习要尽可能多的复习相关的短语，尤其是用的比较多，而课本中出现较少的短语。【2018全国II】阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Diets have changed in China and so too has its top crop. Since 2011,the country _61_（grow）more corn than rice. Corn production has jumped nearly 125 percent over _62_ past 25 years, while rice has increased only 7 percent.A taste for meat is _63_ (actual) behind the change: An important part of its corn is used to feed chickens, pigs, and cattle. Another reason for corns rise: The government encourages farmers to grow corn instead of rice _64_ (improve) water quality. Corn uses less water _65_ rice and creates less fertilizer(化肥) runoff. This switch has decreased _66_ (pollute) in the countrys major lakes and reservoirs and made drinking water safer for people.According to the World Bank, China accounts for about 30 percent of total _67_ (globe)fertilizer consumption. The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds that between 2005when the government _68_ (start) a soil-testing program _69_ gives specific fertilizer recommendations to farmers - and 2011, fertilizer use dropped by 7.7 million tons. That prevented the emission(排放) of 51.8 million tons of carbon dioxide. Chinas approach to protecting its environment while _70_ (feed) its citizens offers useful lessons for agriculture and food policymakers worldwide. says the banks Juergen Voegele.【答案】61. has grown 62. the 63. actually 64. to improve 65. than 66. pollution 67. global 68. started 69. that/which 70. feeding【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文中讲述了中国为保护环境在农作物种植上做了一些变化并得到了世界上的知名认识的认可。61. 考查时态。since加时间点，主句要用现在完成时。句意：2011年以来，中国种植的玉米比水稻多。故填has grown。62. 考查冠词。句意：玉米产量在过去25年里增长了近125%，而大米只增长了7%。故是特指在过去的25年里。故填the。 67. 考查词性转换。句意：中国约占全球化肥总消费量的30%。fertilizer consumption是名词短语，故应该用形容词修饰。故填global。68. 考查谓语动词。句意：在2005年政府开始了一项土壤测试项目。本句是when引导的定语从句，由于时间是2005年，故用过去时。故填started。69. 考查定语从句关系词。根据空后的谓语动词gives可知，该空缺少主语，指代program并且引导后面的句子。指物用that/which，故填that或者which。70. 考查省略句。句意：中国在养活了中国人民的同时又保护了环境。这一做法为全世界的农业和粮食政策制定人提供了很有用的经验。空格处表示正在进行的动作，while后面省略掉了China is，省略句的原则：在时间状语从句、条件状语从句、，让步状语从句中，如果从句的主语和主句的主语一致且含有be动词时，那么可以把主语和be动词一块省略。故填feeding。点睛：学会分析句子成分。The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds that between 2005 - when the government started a soil-testing program which /that gives specific fertilizer recommendations to farmers - and 2011，fertilizer use dropped by 7.7 million tons. 这句话中有两个定语从句。一个是关系副词when引导的定语从句，先行词是2005，the government是主语，a soil-testing program是宾语，故此空缺少谓语动词，我们可以看出时态是一般过去时。另一个是关系代词指代program引导的定语从句，先行词是program，gives是第三人称谓语动词，可以看出是考查关系词。代指物并作主语，关系词要用that/which。【2018全国III】阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Im not sure _61_ is more frightened, me or the female gorilla(大猩猩）that suddenly appears out of nowhere. Im walking on a path in the forest in the Central African Republic. Unexpectedly, Im face-to-face with the gorilla, who begins screaming at _62_ top of her lungs. That makes her baby scream, and then a 400-pound male appears. He screams the_63_(loud)of all. The noise shakes the trees as the male beats his chest and charges toward me. I quickly lower myself, ducking my head to avoid _64_(look) directly into his eyes so he doesnt feel_65_(challenge).My name is Mireya Mayor. Im a _66_(science)who studies animals such as apes and monkeys. I was searching _67_ these three western lowland gorillas Id been observing. No one had seen them for hours, and my colleagues and I were worried.When the gorillas and I frightened each other, I was just glad to find _68_(they) alive. True to a gorillas unaggressive nature, the huge animal _69_(mean)me no real harm. He was just saying: Im king of this forest, and here is your reminder! Once his message was delivered, he allowed me _70_ (stay)and watch.【答案】61. which 62. the 63. loudest 64. looking 65. challenged 66. scientist 67. for 68. them 69. meant 70. to stay【解析】本文为记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者在中非偶遇大猩猩，彼此惊恐的经历。61. 考查宾语从句。句意：我不确定哪一个更害怕，我，还是突然出现的雌性大猩猩。此处为宾语从句，空格处表示选择，所以用which表示“哪一个” 66. 考查名词。根据语境可知，我是一名科学家。scientist科学家。67. 考查动词短语搭配。search for是固定搭配，表示“寻找”，表示“我”在寻找“我”研究的三只西部低地大猩猩。68. 考查代词。此处做find 的宾语，所以用宾格them。69. 考查谓语动词。分析本句的句子成分可知，本句缺少谓语，再根据总体时态可知要用一般过去时，所以用meant。70. 考查非谓语动词。固定短语allow sb to do允许某人做某事，应该用to stay。【点睛】此题考查固定搭配较多，其中第2,4,7，10 都为固定搭配，对于这类题目我们需要熟练掌握动词的固定搭配以及介词短语。而此题的第一题则考查从句，对于从句我们可以通过分析句子成分确定连接词的选择。如本题为宾语从句，宾语从句中缺主语，所以应该从连接代词who，whom，what，which，whose，再根据指人做主语可判断用which。【2018浙江】阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。Few people I know seem to have much desire or time to cook. Making Chinese _56_(dish) is seen as especially troublesome. Many westerners _57_ come to China cook much less than in their own countries once they realize how cheap _58_ can be to eat out. I still remember _59_ (visit) a friend whod lived here for five years and I _60_(shock) when I learnt she hadnt cooked once in all that time. While regularly eating out seems to _61_(become) common for many young people in recent years, its not without a cost. The obvious one is money; eating out once or twice a week may be _62_(afford) but doing this most days adds up. There could be an even _63_ (high) cost on your health. Researchers have found that there is a direct link between the increase in food eaten outside the home and the rise in _64_(weigh) problems.If you are not going to suffer this problem, then I suggest that the next time you go to your mums home _65_ dinner, get a few cooking tips from her. Cooking food can be fun. You might also begin to notice the effects not only on your health but in your pocket.【答案】56. dishes 57. who/that 58. it 59. visiting 60. was shocked 61. have become 62. affordable 63. higher 64. weight 65. for【解析】作者描述了人们喜欢在外面吃饭的现象，分析了其对身体和花费的不良影响，建议我们在家做饭。56. 考查名词。此处指中国菜，表示泛指应该用名词复数，故填dishes。57. 考查关系代词。句中包含定语从句，先行词是westerners指人，在定语从句中做主语，用关系代词who/that引导，故填who/that。58. 考查it用法。句子为感叹句，正常语序应该是it can be cheap to eat out.其中不定式to eat out是真正主语，用it 是形式主语。故填i。59. 考查动词形式。此处指我记得去拜访一个在这里住了五年的朋友，表示记得做过某事用remember doing sth.，故填visiting。60. 考查形容词。此处表示我感到很震惊。shock的主语是I,用形容词和系动词组成系表结构，表示过去发生的事，系动词用过去式。故填was shocked。61. 考查动词时态。根据时间状语in recent years可知用现在完成时，seems to后用动词原形，故填have become。62. 考查形容词。此处表示一周一两次外出吃饭是负担得起的，系动词be后用形容词作表语，表示“负担得起的”故填affordable。63. 考查形容词比较级。此处修饰名词cost用形容词，由even表示程度修饰比较级，故填higher。64. 考查名词。此处指体重问题，用名词修饰problems，故填weight。65. 考查介词。表示去母亲家去吃饭，表示目的用介词for，故填for。2018高考模拟题【吉林省长春市2018届高三年级四模】阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。No matter where you are, humans are constantly measuring and checking time. Some of us are good at itplanning and doing things ahead of time, _41_others are always trying to beat the clock and do things at the eleventh hour.Tardiness (拖拉) can be serious. If you _42_ (be) one minute late for work, would you resign? It may sound extreme, but that is exactly _43_ occurred in the UK upper chamber of parliament, the House of Lords, in January 2018. International development minister Lord Bates arrived one minute late, and, as a result, was unable to answer a _44_ (schedule) question. Instead of trying _45_ (make) up for lost time, as many might do, he resigned on _46_ spot. He apologized for his discourtesy (无礼) and stated that he was ashamed. His resignation, though, _47_ (reject) by the UK prime minister.So, how late is too late? Many cultures take punctuality very seriously. In contrast, others seem to view tardiness _48_ just the normal way of things. What is considered acceptable is based on culture. That is, if you dont mind waiting, it might be best to attend your _49_ (appoint) in good time. And if the worst comes to the worst, remember the old English proverb, “ _50_ (well) late than never.”【答案】41. while 42. were 43. what 44. scheduled 45. to make 46. the 47. was rejected 48. as 49. appointment(s) 50. Better【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讨论了不同文化中人们对迟到的不同看法。41. 考查连词。该空的前一句说“我们中的一些人擅长提前计划和做事情”，后一句说“其他的人总是试图在最后一刻赶时间做事情”，两句话之间是对比关系，所以这里应该填连词while。 43. 考查连接代词。本句是表语从句，从句中缺少的成分是主语，这里的主语指代的是事情，所以用what。44. 考查形容词。在冠词a和名词question之间应该用形容词，所以把schedule变成形容词形式scheduled（预定的）。45. 考查动词不定式。固定搭配try to do sth（试图干某事），所以这里填to make。46. 考查定冠词。固定短语on the spot（在现场）。句意：他并没有像许多人那样，试图弥补失去的时间，而是当场辞职。所以这里应该填冠词the。47. 考查时态和语态。根据本段时态和句意可知，主语resignation和reject为动宾关系，故用过去时的被动形式。句意：尽管他的辞呈被英国首相拒绝了。故用was rejected。48. 考查介词。固定搭配viewas把看作.。句意：相比之下，其他人似乎认为迟到是正常的事情。所以这里填as。49. 考查名词。形容词性物主代词后面应该跟名词。句意：如果你不介意等的话，最好在合适的时间去参加你的约会。所以这里填appointment(s)。50. 考查副词比较级。英语谚语“Better late than never”(迟做总比不做好)。所以这里应该填Better。【湖南省长沙市雅礼中学、河南省实验中学2018届高三联考】阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Our parakeet (长尾鹦鹉) Chip and Goldie, a stray tortoiseshell kitten we took in, _41_ (grow) to be best friends, eating and playing together. I was a member _42_ a bird conservation organization at the time, so we often took care of injured _43_ (bird). Goldie helped raise dozens of injured and orphaned native birds,_44_ (act) as a watchful guardian. One day, it was Chip who needed Goldies supervision. I had left a large bowl of pancake batter (面糊)_45_ (cover) in the kitchen. But while I was out of the room, Chip climbed onto the bowl to have _46_ taste but soon fell in and sank._47_ (luck), Goldie was on hand and stuck her face in the bowl to fish Chip out. She cleaned his face and beak so he could breathe before running to alert me with a loud meow. I followed Goldie,_48_ was also covered in batter, back into the kitchen _49_ found a battered budgie on the floor. After being washed, dried and warmed, Chip made a full _50_ (recover). Bowls were always covered in future and Goldie and Chip remained the best of friends.【答案】41. grew 42. of 43. birds 44. acting 45. uncovered 46. a 47. Luckily 48. who 49. and 50. recovery【解析】本文是一篇记叙文。作者家里养了两只宠物，Chip 和 Goldie，有一次Chip掉进碗里被Goldie捞了上来。他们逐渐成长为最好的朋友，一起吃饭，一起玩耍。41. 考查时态。句意：我们的长尾小鹦鹉Chip 和 Goldie，我们收养的一只龟甲色的流浪猫，后来成长为最好的朋友，一起吃饭，一起玩耍。讲述过去发生的事情用一般过去时态，故答案为grew。 45. 考查过去分词做宾语补足语。句意：我在厨房里留了一大碗露在外面的煎饼面糊。根据后文Chip偷吃面糊可知，面糊是没盖，故用uncover，再根据与pancake batter是被动关系，故用过去分词做宾语补足语，故答案为uncovered。46. 考查不定冠词。句意：Chip爬上了碗，尝了一口，但很快就掉进去并沉了下去。结合句意，可知答案为a。47. 考查副词。句意：很幸运，Goldie就在身边，把脸贴在碗里把Chip捞上来。此处是副词修饰整个句子，故答案为Luckily。48. 考查定语从句。句意：我跟着Goldie回到厨房，他也被覆盖上了面糊，在地板上发现了一个弄脏了的小鹦鹉。此处Goldie是先行词，拟人手法，后面的非限制性定语从句缺少引导词和主语，故答案为who。49. 考查并列连词。句意：我跟着Goldie回到厨房，他也被覆盖上了面糊，在地板上发现了一个弄脏了的的小鹦鹉。此处是并列的谓语，故用连词and。50. 考查名词。形容词修饰名词，再根据前面的a，可知此处用名词单数，故答案为recovery。【湖北省襄阳四中2018届高三5月第四次模拟】阅读下面材料，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。China, which takes pride in inventions in ancient times, has once again demonstrated its _61_ (able) to change the world with its “new four great inventions”: high-speed railways, electronic payments, _62_ (share) bicycles and online shopping. The “new four great inventions” are all related _63_ Chinas high-tech innovation(创新), which has improved the quality of peoples lives. “My wallet is no longer in use. I can buy and eat anything _64_ I want simply with a tap of my phone,” said Lin Jinlong, _65_ overseas Chinese student from Cambodia, _66_ (add) that “even pancake sellers are using Alipay (mobile payment). We can also order food at home, which is super convenient. If I _67_ (be) at home in Cambodia, I would have to go outdoors.”The bikes themselves are not new, but the operating model of bike-sharing is based on satellite navigation system, mobile payment, big data and other high technologies. It is _68_ (increase) clear that China is innovating and no longer copying Western ideas. This is partly because China skipped over the PC age and went directly to mobile. China has the _69_ (large) mobile use in the world.In terms of the “new four great inventions”, Charlie Dai, principal analyst of American market research company Forrester, said, “These products and services _70_ (improve) the customer experience so far, improving national and global economy at the same time”.【答案】61. ability 62. shared 63. to 64. that 65. an 66. adding 67. were 68. increasingly 69. largest 70. have improved【解析】本文介绍中国的新四大发明。61. 考查名词。此处its是形容词性物主代词，后面应该用名词形式，able是形容词，故答案为ability（能力）。62. 考查过去分词做前置定语。“被分享的自行车”，此处share和bicycle之间是被动关系，做前置定语，故答案为shared。63. 考查固定搭配。be related to与-有关，故答案为to。64. 考查定语从句。此处anything是先行词，不定代词，指物，且后面的定语从句缺少引导词和宾语，不定代词做先行词后面的定语从句用that引导，故答案为that。 68. 考查副词。clear是形容词，副词修饰形容词，故答案为increasingly。69. 考查最高级。句意：中国拥有世界上最大的移动手机的应用。定冠词the用在最高级前面，故答案为largest。 70. 考查时态。根据so far可知句子用现在完成时态，These products and services是句子主语，复数形式，故答案为have improved。【点睛】if在条件状语从句中的虚拟语气。1. 表示与现在事实相反的情况。其句子结构为：从句：if + 主语+ 动词的过去式(be 用were) + 主句：主语+ would (should, could , might) + 动词原形+ If I were you, I would read it again. 如果我是你的话，我再读一遍。（事实上我不是你）2. 表示与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句。其句子结构为：从句：If + 主语+ had +过去完成式动词+ 主句：主语+ would (should, could, might) + have +过去完成式动词+If you had taken my advice, you would not have made such a mistake.如果你听了我的劝告,就不会犯这样的错误。（事实上你没有听我的劝告）3. 表示与将来事实相反的虚拟条件句 (对将来的事实实现的可能性不大)。其句子结构为：从句：If + 主语+ should (或were) + 动词原形+主句：主语+ would (could, should, might) + 动词原形+If it should rain tomorrow, I would stay at home. 如果明天下雨的话，我将待在家里。（根据天气情况，明天不可能下雨）【河南省郑州市2018届高三下学期第三次模拟】阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式，并将答案填写在答题卡相应的位置上。Throughout modern history, perhaps there has never been a scientist as iconic (偶像的) as Stephen Hawking.Whether he _41_ (educate) the world with his knowledge of the universe, or making fun of himself in TV shows, it is hard to imagine what the world will be like now Hawking is no longer in.On March 14, 2018, the British physicist passed away in Cambridge. Since then, many people have expressed their condolences (哀悼) on social media, including British computer scientist Tim Berners-Lee,_42_ invented the World Wide Web. “We have lost a great mind and a wonderful spirit,” Berners-Lee wrote.Hawking was an icon for many reasons, but he will be best remembered _43_ his work in the field of science.Building on German scientist Albert Einsteins work, Hawking explained his belief that space _44_ (start) with the Big Bang, and will end with black holes.“This complete set of laws can give us the _45_ (answer) to questions like How did the universe begin?” Hawking wrote in his 2010 work The Grand Design. “Where is it going and will it have an end? If so, how will it end?”Besides his work in science, he also managed to overcome many difficulties in his personal life. While _46_ (study) at Cambridge University, he was diagnosed with motor neuron (运动神经元) disease at the age of 21. His _47_ (ill) left him paralyzed and he was told he only had a short time to live. However, he went on to become one of the _48_ (great) minds the world has ever known.“I felt it was unfair. Why should this happen to me?” he once recalled. “At the time, I thought my life was over and that I would never realize the potential I felt I had. But now, 50 years later, I can be satisfied with my life.”Hawking left behind a great legacy (遗产). His signature book A Brief History of Time: From the Big Bang to Black Holes, _49_ (publish) in 1988, became one of the worlds best-selling science publications. And in 2014, UK actor Eddie Redmayne played Hawking in the movie The Theory of Everything, which tells the tale of the physicists life.He may no longer be with us, _50_ Hawking will continue to inspire the world for generations to come. As he once said himself, “Look up at the stars and not down at your feet!”【答案】41. was educating 42. who 43. for 44. started 45. answers 46. studying 47. illness 48. greatest 49. published 50. but / yet【解析】本文为夹叙夹议文。文章讲述了英国科学家霍金去世的消息并高度评价了他对人类的伟大贡献及对世界的影响。41. 考查谓语动词。分析句子可知，根据or后面的“making”可知，本句要用进行时，但由于是讲霍金生前的事，故用过去进行时was educating 。句意：不管他是用宇宙知识教育世界，还是在电视节目中取笑自己，很难想象现在没有霍金的世界会是什么样子。 44. 考查谓语动词。句意：Hawking解释了他相信宇宙是从宇宙大爆炸开始的，并将以黑洞结束。本文是讲述霍金过去的事，故要用一般过去时，因此本小题填started。45. 考查名词复数。根据后面的“(answer) to questions”可知，是许多问题的答案，所以要用复数形式answers。46. 考查省略句。分析句子While _6_ (study) at Cambridge University, he was diagnosed with motor neuron (运动神经元) disease可知，本句中的While _6_ (study) at Cambridge University, 是省略句，这是因为主从句主语一致时，从句的主语可以省略而变成非谓语形式。而study的逻辑主语是he，与动词study二者是主动关系，故用动词的ing形式studying。47. 考查名词做主语。分析句子可知，空格处在句子中作主语，形容词不能作主语，所以要用其名词形式，故填illness。句意：他的病使他瘫痪了，而且被告知他只有很短的时间。48. 考查最高级。句意：然而，他后来成为世界上最伟大的人物之一。分析句子可知，他是最伟大的人物之一，根据前面的one of.，可知要用最高级greatest。49. 考查非谓语。时间简史从“大爆炸”到“黑洞”，在1988（被）出版时，成为世界上最畅销的科学出版物之一。分析句子His signature book A Brief History of Time: From the Big Bang to Black Holes,_9_ (publish) in 1988, became one of the worlds best-selling science publications.可知，谓语动词是became，而_9_ (publish) in 1988是修饰主语“书”的，要用非谓语形式。书是被出版的。故填published。50. 考查连词。句意：他也许不再和我们在一起了，但霍金将继续激励世界上的一代又一代人。前后两句是转折关系，故填but / yet。【河北省石家庄市第二中学2018届高三仿真模拟（一）】阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Chinas industrial output is expected to rise by around 6.5 percent this year, marking the best _41_ (perform) since 2010, _42_ the Made in China 2025 strategy (策略) helps to raise productivity and revenue(税收).The increase is 0.5 percentage points _43_ (high) than the targeted growth, partly _44_ (drive) by strong efforts to increase the use of new technology at traditional enterprises(企业), Miao Wei said on Monday.“The countrys industrial economy has maintained steady and sound growth thanks _45_ the Made in China 2025 strategy. It promoted the combination of manufacturing and new technologies such as _46_ Internet, big data and cloud computing,” Mina added.The ministry also predicted that the countrys industrial output would be likely _47_ (grow) by around 6 percent next year, with revenue from the telecommunications, Internet, and software and information technology service _48_ (increase) by 50 percent, 30 percent and 13 percent, respectively.According to Miao, the country will also publish policies _49_ promoting the