高考英语语法要点细讲精练祈使句,反意疑问句和感叹句.doc

高考英语语法要点细讲精练祈使句,反意疑问句和感叹句【考纲解读】从近几年的高考题可以看出，在四种简单句型中，考查的重点比较集中，主要考查反意疑问句和祈使句。作为考查点，在全国卷及地方卷单项填空中每年都以灵活、多变的形式出现。根据英语语言特点、简单句的考查今后仍是热点。考查的重点是：祈使句和含有宾语从句的主从复合句的反意疑问句及句尾的附加成分等。主要考点有：1. 祈使句的判断2. 祈使句固定结构3. 反意疑问句一般用法及特殊用法【知识要点】一、简单句只有一个主语（或并列主语）和一个谓语（或并列谓语）的句子叫简单句。按照句子的功能，简单句可分为4类：陈述句、疑问句、祈使句、感叹句。其中陈述句中的否定式、疑问句中的反意疑问句以及感叹句的结构多为考查重点，应重点掌握。以下将对此作重点分析。1.陈述句陈述句包括肯定式和否定式两种（肯定式暂略）。注意以下有关否定结构的问题：He had hardly any schooling before liberation.Not both of them want to go.（=Both of them dont want to go.）All that glitters is not gold.None of these answers are/is correct.We dont believe that he can do that.Is Xiao Ming coming?I dont suppose so./I suppose not./I suppose so.hope和be afraid的肯定和否定答语分别为：I hope so./I hope not.及Im afraid so./Im afraid not.2.疑问句疑问句分为一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问句和反意疑问句。现主要介绍反意疑问句构成。形式：句子+简短的疑问句（1）前面若有多个句子并列，则以最后一个句子为准；若前面部分为主从复合句，一般来说，以主句为准；但若主从复合句的主句谓语动词是think，believe，suppose，guess等，主语又是第一人称且为一般现在时、谓语又没有任何副词修饰时，简短疑问部分的动词、时态、人称则以从句为准，而肯、否定形式依主句而定。（2）前面句子含有must，cant，may等表推测的词时，疑问部分则依据句子的时态及时间状语而定。（3）句子是lets.时，后面用shall/shant we；前面部分是let us.祈使句时，后面用will/wont you。（4）前面句子是Im .时，后面用arent I；句子是Im not.时，后面用am I。（5）前面是感叹句时，后面跟感叹句的主谓一致，但用否定形式。（6）当主语是anyone/anybody/everyone/everybody时，疑问部分用复数形式。否定、肯定形式：（1）一般说来，前后两部分的否定、肯定形式相反；但当句子前有Oh，Ah，So等语气词时，前面两部分的否定、肯定形式相同。（2）前面部分有否定词或半否定词时，后面部分用肯定形式；但若前面部分含有由否定词缀构成的否定词时，后面部分还是用否定形式。There used to be a cinema here before the war，use（d）nt there/didnt there?Such things ought not to be allowed，ought they?He seldom comes late，does he?You dont think he can finish the work by himself，do you?Have a cup of tea，will you?3.祈使句表示请求、命令、叮嘱等。祈使句的主语是you，但一般被省略；当前面有呼语时，一般得补出主语you；否定式一般是前面加Dont。在“祈使句+and/or/and then+句子”句型中，当祈使句中含有比较级时，可将祈使句中的谓语部分省略，只留下“比较级或比较级与名词+and/or/and then+句子”。Get up early tomorrow，or youll miss the first bus.4.感叹句how修饰形容词、副词或动词构成感叹句。如：How fluently she speaks English!what修饰名词或名词短语构成感叹句。如：What fun!What a lovely girl she is!【考点诠释】考点l 祈使句的判定和特点祈使句用来表达说话人的请求、命令、建议、劝告等。谓语动词用动词原形。其主语是you，往往省略。常见的祈使句句型如下：1动词原形如：Lay down your arms!放下武器!Be sure to get there before eight Oclock一定要在8点前赶到那儿。2Dont或Never+动词原形。如：Never go out alone at night！不要在夜晚单独出去！3Do+动词原形(此句型表示强调)。如：Do tell her about it务必将此事告诉她。4主语+动词原形。如：Tomyou go and see whatS happening汤姆，去看看发生什么事情了。You，girls，clean the desk；you，boys，sweep the floor你们，女生擦桌子。你们，男生，打扫地板。5祈使句+and/or+陈述句 (and表示顺承关系，or表示转折关系)。如：use your head，and you11 find a good way(=If you use your head，you11 find a good way)动动脑筋，你会找到一种好办法的。Hurry up，or we11 be late(=If we dont hurry up，we11 be late)快点，不然我们就迟到了。6Be SO kind/good as+不定式(此句型用来表达客气的请求，so kind/good as相当于kind/good enough)。如：Be kind enough to lend me your dictionary请把你的字典借给我吧。考点2 反意疑问句1基本结构如陈述部分为肯定形式，简短问句为否定形式；如陈述部分为否定形式，简短问句为肯定形式。如：It is a fine day，isnt it?今天是个好天气，不是吗?He isnt a teacher，is he?他不是老师，对吗?特别提示前半部分为否定形式的反意疑问句的答语与汉语不同。如：一Tom doesnt know itdoes he?汤姆不知道这事，对吧? 一Nohe doesnt/Yes，he does对，他不知道。/不，他知道。2陈述部分如含有”never/hardly/scarcely/seldom/little/few/nobody/nothing”等否定词或半否定词时，这部分应视为否定形式，简短问句就用肯定形式。如：He was hardly twelve then，was he?他当时几乎不到十二岁，是吗?3陈述部分含有带”否定”前缀的词，则这部分应看做肯定形式，简短问句就用否定形式。如：she dislikes the way you work，doesnt she?她不喜欢你的工作方式，对吗?4祈使句的反意疑问句肯定的祈使句，简短问句用will you/wont you；否定的祈使句，简短问句用will you。如：Have a little more coffeewill you/wont you?再来点咖啡，好吗?5陈述部分含有must表推测时的反意疑问句陈述部分中的must表”一定，想必”等推测意义时，要根据陈述句部分的真实结构，在简短问句中采用与其相符合的助动词形式。(1)对现在的推测：You must be hungry now，arent you?你此刻一定很饿，对吧?=Im sure youre hungry now，arent you?(2)对现在进行时的推测：He must be watching TV now，isnt he?他现在一定在看电视，对吗?：Im sure he is watching TV now，isnt he?(3)对现在完成时的推测：Tom must have lived here for a long timehasnt he?Tom一定在这儿生活了很久，对吗?=Im sure Tom has lived here for a long time，hasnt he?(4)对过去的推测：She must have arrived yesterday，didnt she?她昨天一定来了，对吗?=Im sure she arrived yesterday，didnt she?(陈述部分有表示过去的时间状语yesterday)6陈述部分的主语为this/that/everything等时，简短问句的主语用it。如：Everything is all right，isnt it?一切准备就绪，是吗?7陈述部分的主语为everyone/everybody/anyone/anybody/nobody/no one/someone等时，简短问句的主语用he，口语中也用they。如：Everyone knows the answer，doesnt he/dont they?每个人都知道这个答案，对吗?8如陈述部分的谓语动词是wish，则简短问句用可提前的情态动词may。如：1 wish to call on you tonight，may I?我今晚想去拜访你，可以吗?9陈述部分是there be句型时，简短问句的主语用there。如：There used to be a village near the mountain，usednt there?山的旁边曾经有一个山村，是吗?10在复合句的反意疑问句中，简短问句的主谓语须与主句的主谓语保持一致。如：It is the first time that you have come here，isnt it?你是第一次来这儿，对吗7特别提示如果陈述部分是I/We dont think/believe/suppose/imagine+宾语从句，则简短问句的主语要与宾语从句的主语保持一致。如：I dont think he is forty，is he?我认为他没有四十岁，是吗? 考点3感叹句感叹句常表示说话时的惊讶、喜悦、气愤等情绪。感叹句常有以下几种情形：1what式感叹句(1)What+a/an+形容词+单数可数名词+主语+谓语!如：What a wonderful time we had yesterday!昨天我们玩得多开心呀!(2)What+形容词+复数名词+主语+谓语!如：What beautiful flowers they are!多美的花儿啊!(3)What+形容词+不可数名词+主语+谓语!如：What fine weather it is!多好的天气啊!2how式感叹句(1)How+形容词/副词+主语+谓语!如：How clever she is!她多么聪明呀!(2)How+形容词+a/an+单数可数名词+主语+谓语!如：How strange a feeling it was!多么奇怪的一种感情啊!3省略式感叹句(1)how直接修饰谓语动词：How+主语+谓语!如：How we love our motherland!我们是多么热爱自己的祖国啊!(2)省略主语和谓语。如：What an interesting book!多有趣的一本书啊!4特殊式感叹句The design and the colours!多美的图案和色彩!To sell such a suit as that to a millionaire!竟然把那样一套衣服卖给了一个百万富翁!【试题放送】1. 【2018池州市普通高中高三第一学期教学质监】Do you still believe in love?Absolutely. It is not time, money, power or whatever but love cures our pain.Awho Bwhich Cthat Dwhat【答案】C 【解析】考查强调句。这是一个“it is that”强调结构。强调部分为“not time, money, power or whatever but love”，里面使用了“not but”结构。2. 【2018安徽宿州高三一次质检】I am shocked at the news that many pupils were killed in the terrible traffic accident.So am I. Little the safety of the poor children.Adid the local government care forBthe local government cared forCdid the local government care aboutDthe local government cared about【答案】C【解析】考查倒装和短语辨析。否定词little为否定副词，所以用部分倒装结构，故排除B和D。care for喜欢，care about在乎。答语句意为：我也很震惊，当地政府很少在意贫困儿童的安全。3. 【2018云南省部分名校 一次统考】_ at the news that her eyes rained tears. A. So was Rebecca sad B. So sad was RebeccaC. So sad Rebecca was D. Was Rebecca so sad【答案】B【解析】考查倒装。“sothat”结构中，so 和形容词提前，后面要用部分倒装结构。4. 【2018浙江温州高三期期末八校联考】Not only _ a promise ,but she also kept it.A. did she makeB.she madeC. does she makeD. had she made【答案】A【解析】考查倒装句式。 Not only提前，用部分倒装结构。句意为：他不仅许下了诺言，而且还坚守了诺言。5. 【2018莱芜期末】Nowhere else, as his mother told us, _ except the cabin in the backyard.A. did he go B. he did go C. went he D. he went 【答案】A【解析】 考查倒装。nowhere【意思是：没有一个地方】表示否定意义的副词位于句首要用部分倒装结构。6. 【2018池州市普通高中高三第一学期教学质监】Do you still believe in love?Absolutely. It is not time, money, power or whatever but love cures our pain.Awho Bwhich Cthat Dwhat【答案】C 【解析】考查强调句。这是一个“it is that”强调结构。强调部分为“not time, money, power or whatever but love”，里面使用了“not but”结构。7. 【2018金华十校期末】Are you free tonight? _, Id like you to meet Tom, my new friend from the StatesAEven so BWhen necessary CIf not DIf so【答案】D【解析】考查替代。If so.意思是：如果这样的话。这里so替代的是上文的：you are free。8. 【2018上海春招】 It was not until 1920 _American women had the chance to vote in national elections.A. when B. that C. where D. which【答案】B【解析】考查强调句型。此处not until 1920是被强调的部分。句意：直到1920年美国妇女才能在国家选举中有机会投票。9. 【2018江西丰、樟、高、宜四市联考】He ought to have been warned of the danger _, but he wouldnt listen to meAyes, he ought to BSo he did CSo it was with him DSo he was 【答案】D【及解析】考查特殊句式。 so+主语+助动词系动词情态动词 表示“确实如此”。根据答语后半句可知空处表示他确实被警告了，因此选D项。10【2018安徽宿州高三一次质检】I am shocked at the news that many pupils were killed in the terrible traffic accident.So am I. Little the safety of the poor children.Adid the local government care forBthe local government cared forCdid the local government care aboutDthe local government cared about【答案】C 【解析】考查倒装和短语辨析。否定词little为否定副词，所以用部分倒装结构，故排除B和D。care for喜欢，care about在乎。答语句意为：我也很震惊，当地政府很少在意贫困儿童的安全。