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第19练 世界与环境基础巩固.单句语法填空1Theamountofwaterwhichissuitable_(drink) islessandlessnow.2Nowmoreandmorepeoplepaymoreattentiontohow_(save) water.3Withthedevelopmentofscienceandtechnology，itbecomesmoreimportant_(protect) ourenvironment.4InChinaalotofriversandlakesare_(serious) pollutedbysomefactories.5Somewastewaterhasbeenpouredintoriversandlakes，_(kill) alargenumberoffish.6Ifeveryonemakesacontributiontoprotectingtheenvironment，theworld_(become) muchmorebeautiful.7Howtoprotectourenvironmenthasbeenoneofthemostdifficult_(problem) intheworld.8Weshouldplantmoreandmoretreesinordertolivebetterand_(healthy) inthefuture.9Itishightimethatthegovernment_(take) somemeasurestoreducepollution.10._thewholethewarmingoftheearthisaphenomenonthatcausesgreatconcern.11Thegovernmentshouldtakeactiontostopthesefactories_(produce) harmfulgases.12Withouttheshadefromthetrees，theearthwouldgettoohottolive_.13Thegrowingspeedofaplantisinfluencedbyanumberoffactors，mostof_arebeyondourcontrol.14Nowadaysmanyfactoriesproducelargeamountsofchemicals_arepoisonoustohumanbeings.15Nobodyknows_(exact) whyandhowdinosaursdisappearedfromtheearthinsuchashorttime.话题词汇1pollutionn污染2atmospheren大气，气氛3consequencen结果，后果4attachgreatimportanceto.十分重视5beawareof.意识到6damagev毁坏7makeadifference有影响8environmentn环境9sufferv受苦，遭受10causev导致能力提升.阅读理解A(2018安徽皖北协作区联考)Todaytropicalrainforestsaredisappearingfromthefaceoftheglobe.Despitegrowinginternationalconcern，rainforestscontinuetobedestroyedatapaceover80,000acresperday.Worldrainforestcovernowstandsataround2.5millionsquaremiles.Humanactivitieshavehadaneffectonmuchofthisremainingarea.Deforestation(森林滥伐) oftropicalrainforestshasaglobaleffectthroughspeciesextinction，thelossofimportantecosystemservicesandrenewableresources，andthereductionofcarbonsinks.However，thisdestructioncanbeslowed，stopped，andinsomecasesevenreversed(逆转)Mostpeopleagreethattheproblemmustbesolved，butthemeansarenotassimpleasbuildingfencesaroundtheremainingrainforestsorbanningthewoodtrade.Economic，political，andsocialpressureswillnotallowrainforeststocontinuetoexistiftheyarecompletelyclosedofffromuseanddevelopment.So，whatshouldbedone？Thesolutionmustbebasedonwhatispractical，notcompletelyidealisticanddependsondevelopingaconservationapproachbuiltontheprincipleofsustainable(可持续的) useanddevelopmentofrainforests.Beyondtheresponsibledevelopmentofrainforests，effortstorestoredamagedforestlandsalongwiththeestablishmentofprotectedareasarekeytosecuringrainforestsforthelongtermbenefitstheycanprovideformankind.Historicapproachestorainforestconservationhavefailed，asshownbytheincreasedrateofdeforestation.Inmanyregions，closingoffforestsasuntouchableparksandreserveshasneitherimprovedthequalityoflivingoreconomicopportunitiesfortheruralpoor，norstoppedforestclearingbyillegalwoodcuttersanddevelopers.Theproblemwiththistraditionalapproachtopreservingwildlandsindevelopingcountriesisthatitfailstodeveloppropereconomicmotivesforpreservingtheforest.Localpeopleandthegovernmentitselfmustseefinancialreturnstoprovethecostsofmaintainingparksfromeconomicactivities.16Whathascausedsomespeciesextinctioninthetropicalrainforests?AHumansdestroyingthetrees.BCarbonsinksbeingreduced.CLackingrenewableresources.DFencesnotbeingbuiltaroundtherainforests.17Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassage?ATropicalrainforestscanbeeasilypreserved.BRainforestsmustbeclosedofftobebetterprotected.CHumanactivitieshavehadaneffectontropicalrainforests.DEconomicreturnscanmakeadifferenceinprotectingtropicalrainforests.18Whatistheauthorsattitudetotropicalrainforestprotection?AIndifferent.BConcerned.CDoubtful.DPuzzled.19Whatisthepurposeofthepassage?AToshowthebadeffectsofdeforestation.BTostresstheimportanceoftherainforests.CToappealforrightwaystosavetherainforests.DTointroducethefactofforestsdisappearing.BForcenturies，elephantshaveplayedabigroleintheworldseconomies，culturesandreligions.TheAfricanelephantsusedtobefoundalloverAfricaandtheAsianelephantsmovedfromSyriatoChinatoIndonesia.Nowadays，elephantsarefoundinsmallgroupsinthesouthoftheSaharaDesertandscarcelyinSoutheastAsia，SriLankaandIndia.Intheearlytwentiethcentury，therewereclosetotenmillionelephants，andnowtheelephantnumberisaslowas252,000andexpectedtodropdownto160,000by2025.Between2007and2014，theelephantpopulationfellbyatleast30%，or144,000elephants.AsresearchershavetraveledovertheAfricanplains，theyonlyspottedoneherdof36elephantsinanarealikethesizeofMexico.Itisclearthatthesegentlemammalsaredisappearingrightbeforeoureyes.Therearemanyreasonswhytheelephantpopulationhasbeendecreasing，oneofwhichistheirhabitat.Humansarecompetingwithelephantsforlivingspace，andasmoreandmorehumansclearthelandthatisbeingusedbyelephants，theelephantshavelessspace.Elephanthuntingor“poaching”hasbeenamajorfactorforthedisappearanceofthisspecies，andtheyarekilledonlyfortheirvaluableivorytusks.Althoughthetradeoftusksisillegal，itisstillacommonpracticeinmanyplaces.Often，allthelocalpeoplelivingamongelephantswouldbefarmers，andfoundthattheycouldmakemoremoneybysellingthetusksofoneelephantthandoingmanuallaborfortwelveyears.Thatalonemakesitreallyhardtopreventthemfromkillingtheelephants.SomeplacessuchasBotswana，haveputinextraefforttoprotecttheirwildlifefrompoachersbyfoundingtheirBotswanaDefenseForce，whichismadeupofaround700speciallytrainedsoldiersthatarestationedin40differentareas.Youmayfeelworriedaboutthepresentsituationselephantsarein，buttherearewaystohelp.Tofindouthowyoucanhelpelephantconservation，adoptanelephant，ordonate，clickhere.20ThenumberslistedinParagraph2showthat_.AhumansdontcareforelephantsBelephantshavebeennexttoextinctionCelephantshavebecomegentlerthanbeforeDelephantshavegainedmoreattention21Whatisthebiggestfactorforthedisappearingelephants?ALessspace.BAlackoffood.CSufferingfromadisease.DElephanthunting.22Whyisithardtobankillingtheelephantsamongthefarmers?ATheirtusksareprofitable.BElephantsaredestroyingtheirfieldscruelly.CFarmershopetomakealivingbysellingtheirmeat.DFarmerspracticetheirhuntingskillsbykillingelephants.23Whatisthepurposeofthistext?ATopersuadereaderstomakeadonation.BToguidereadershowtoprotectelephants.CToencouragereaderstohelpprotectelephants.DTointroducethedecreasingnumberofelephants.七选五Itseasytospotsignsofphysicalsuffering，butmuchemotionalpaincanbeeasilymasked._24_“Wedonttendtohaveconversationsaboutmentalwellbeing，”saysDrBarbaraVanDahlen，aclinicpsychologist.“SimplyaskingsomeoneHowareyoumayjustgetFine，thankyou，”saysVanDahlen.“Itsimportanttobeawareofwhatcouldleadtosomebodyneedinghelptheyreafraidtoaskfor，”sheadds.Thefollowingarefoursignsafriendmightneedhelp._25_Ifyousensesomethingdifferentaboutthewayyourfriendisactingmaybehesnotsmilingmuchthesedays，forinstancetrustyourfeelingsandreachout.“Trysaying，Iseethesethings.Icareaboutyou.CanIbeofhelp？”VanDahlensays.Hesunusuallyunhappyorannoyed._26_“Itmaytakemorethanonetimetofollowupifyouretalkingtosomeonewhoisupset，”VanDahlensays，“butifafriendrespondswithanger，thatcouldmeanyoureontosomething.”Heslessputtogetherthanusual.Drinkingmoreandignoringpersonalhygiene(卫生) canbesignsthatsomeoneisintrouble.Dontconsiderthesebehaviorsarenothing._27_Heseemsoverwhelmed(压倒) bylife.Nooneishappyallthetime，butifyouronceoptimisticfriendcantfindanythingtobehopefulabout，hemaybehavingthoughtsofworthlessness，sadnessandsomethingnegative.“_28_”saysVanDahlen，“sothatmorepeoplecangetthehelptheyneed.”AHesactingabitmorewithdrawn.BHedoesntseemlikehimselflately.CInsteadtreatthemasasigntocareforyourfriend.DGettingangryquicklyandeasilycanbeasignthatsomethingiswrong.EItsaconstantefforttobringintotheopendiscussionsaboutmentalhealth.FManypeopleavoidtalkingaboutitnomatterhowclosetheyaretosomeone.GWewantpeopletogetcomfortablebeingmoreopenanddiscussingmentalhealth.答案精析话题练.1.todrink2.tosave3.toprotect4.seriously5.killing6.willbecome7.problems8.healthier9.shouldtake/took10.On11.producing12.on13.which14.which/that15.exactly.语篇解读如今，热带雨林正面临严重的生存危机，为世界敲响了环保警钟。人类应采取更加实际、有效的措施来保护热带雨林。16A细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Deforestation(森林滥伐) of tropical rainforests has a global effect through species extinction”可知，人类对热带雨林的滥砍滥伐导致热带雨林一些物种的灭绝。故选A。17D推理判断题。根据第二段最后一句“Economic，political，and social pressures will not allow rainforests to continue to exist if they are completely closed off from use and development.”可推知经济效益对保护热带雨林有一定影响。故选D。18B观点态度题。根据第二段和第四段的内容可知，作者讲述了热带雨林正在消失的现状并提出了一些保护措施已经无效的问题。由此可以推断出作者对热带雨林保护持担忧的态度。故选B。19C写作目的题。通读全文并根据最后两段可知，作者认为传统的保护热带雨林的方法无效，呼吁大家分享合适的保护措施。故选C。语篇解读本文主要讲了大象在经济、文化和宗教上都起了很重要的作用，而现在由于种种原因，大象的数量在急剧减少。作者在这里呼吁人们保护野生大象。20B推理判断题。根据第二段的数据252 000,160 000,144 000,36可知，大象的数量在不断地减少，所以它们有濒临灭绝的危险。故选B。21D细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Elephant hunting or poaching has been a major factor for the disappearance of this species，and they are killed only for their valuable ivory tusks.”可知，导致大象灭绝最主要的原因是人类对大象的捕杀。故选D。22A推理判断题。根据倒数第二段的内容可知，农民捕杀大象的现象很难被禁止的原因是象牙很赚钱。故选A。23C写作目的题。通读全文尤其是文中最后一段的最后两句可知，作者写作本文是想鼓励人们保护大象。故选C。.24F根据本空后的“We dont tend to have conversations about mental wellbeing”可知，“无论人们跟某人有多亲密，他们都不会跟对方谈论心理方面的问题”。F项中的it指代本空上一句中的 emotional pain。故选F。25B根据下文中的“.something different about the way your friend is actingmaybe hes not smiling much these days.”可知，“朋友跟平常不一样”是他心理出问题的迹象之一。故选B。26D根据本段的小标题“Hes unusually unhappy or annoyed.”可知，“易怒是心理出问题的另一个迹象”。故选D。27C根据本空前的“Dont consider these behaviors are nothing.”可知，不要把这些不同寻常的行为不当一回事，“而是要把它们当成你去关爱朋友的迹象”。C项中的them指代上一句中的 behaviors。故选C。28G根据本空后的“so that more people can get the help they need”可推知Van Dahlen希望人们能更自在地敞开心扉谈论心理健康，只有这样，更多的人才能得到他们需要的帮助。故选G。
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