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Module 4 Great Scientists 单元话题语篇训练.阅读理解AWhere to enjoy a pictureperfect white Christmas?Qubec City, CanadaWhen the narrow streets of Qubec City are covered in snow, it feels like youve wandered into a beautiful Victorian Christmas card which has e to life.Enjoy the friendliness of this charming Canadian city with joyous outdoor concerts, holiday markets and QubecAdabra an evening festival of music, lights, animation (动画) and architectural projections held citywide.London, EnglandThe capital is bursting with holiday cheer.Bright Christmas lights brighten up Oxford Street, Covent Garden and Carnaby Street.Skating people can go for a seasonal spin in Somerset House, Hyde Park, Canary Wharf and the Tower of London.Love holiday music? St.MartinintheFields hosts an inspiring lineup of Christmas concerts while Londons most famous Christmas tree entertains visitors in Trafalgar Square.Prague, Czech RepublicPragues beautiful architecture provides a dramatic setting for its Christmas activities.At the foot of the Church of Our Lady before Tyn, the Old Town Christmas market sells Christmas gifts and treats to the thousands of shoppers who visit it each December.Carol (圣诞颂歌) singers perform seasonal favourites while a welldecorated Christmas tree adds to the joyous atmosphere.Rovaniemi, FinlandFor a storybook Christmas, Rovaniemi in Finland is hard to beat.Laplands capital bees a winter wonderland.The area is lit by the impressive northern lights, and they can be witnessed around the city from midAugust to early April.This magical place is also the official home of Santa Claus himself and visitors of all ages can meet everything about Christmas at Santa Claus Village right at the Arctic Circle.语篇解读：本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了四个风景如画、适合过圣诞节的地方。1Why does the author mention the Victorian Christmas card?ATo indicate Qubec City is beautiful.BTo show it always snows at Christmas.CTo tell us Christmas is a lively holiday.DTo suggest that we buy Christmas cards.解析：选A细节理解题。根据第二段中的“a beautiful Victorian Christmas card”可知，作者提到维多利亚圣诞卡是为了说明魁北克市在圣诞期间非常漂亮。2Where can you skate in London at Christmas?AIn Oxford Street.BIn Covent Garden.CIn Canary Wharf. DIn Trafalgar Square.解析：选C细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Skating people can go for a seasonal spin in Somerset House, Hyde Park, Canary Wharf and the Tower of London.”可知，在伦敦的Canary Wharf可以溜冰。3What makes a Christmas in Prague more attractive?AThe unique gifts offered to tourists.BThe great architecture of Prague.CThe Old Town Christmas market.DA welldecorated Christmas tree.解析：选B细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Pragues beautiful architecture provides a dramatic setting for its Christmas activities.”可知，捷克共和国的布拉格的建筑使它的圣诞节更有吸引力。4What is special about Rovaniemi?AIts scenery attracts visitors of all ages.BIt is a winter wonderland full of magic.CIts Christmas celebrations last long.DIt is where Santa Claus es from.解析：选D细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“This magical place is also the official home of Santa Claus himself”可知，圣诞老人来自芬兰的罗瓦涅米。BEight years before his death in 1896, Alfred Nobel was surprised to read an obituary (讣告) in the local newspaper.This was a strange obituary, for it told Alfred Nobel, the man who was reading it, that he was dead.The newspaper had confused Alfred with his brother, Ludvig, who had recently died.Nobel was shocked to read that he had passed away, and he was even more annoyed by the title of his obituary：The merchant of death is dead.Alfred was a very rich and successful armaments manufacturer (武器制造商)This incident got him thinking about his reputation.What would people think of him after his real death? Would they really say “That was a man who profited from killing”？ It was this thought that led him to leave his money a huge amount of it for the founding of the famous Nobel prizes.His aim was for his money to be used to support the ongoing quest (追求) for excellence in the sciences and literature, and the ideal of peace.Thousands of men and women have been honored since the first awards were given out in 1901.The awards let the world know about the developments that may have a huge effect on our lives.However, the prizes are controversial sometimes.There is often protest (抗议) at the award of the Peace Prize when not everyone thinks that the awardwinners deserve the award.Even the award for literature has sometimes been criticized because the award mittee often neglects important writers.The highly influential novelists James Joyce and Marcel Proust, for example, were never honored by the Swedish Academy.Still, for the most part the awards dont cause many plaints.Alfred Nobel founded the prizes to recognize those who have had “the greatest benefit to mankind” and few would disagree that most of the prizewinners among them, Albert Einstein and Martin Luther King Jr. have made contributions that deserve to be honored and remembered.语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了诺贝尔奖设立的来历。5.How did Alfred Nobel feel when he read the obituary in the newspaper?ASad and worried. BShocked and upset.CSurprised and confused. DAmused and puzzled.解析：选B细节理解题。根据第一段第一句可知，当Alfred Nobel看到报纸上的这则讣告的时候，非常吃惊。根据第二段第一句可知，他不只是吃惊，而且还很生气，故选B。6What did Alfred Nobel decide to do after reading the obituary?ASeek excellence in the sciences.BDonate all his money to the charity.CStop producing any killing weapons.DSet up the Nobel prizes with his money.解析：选D细节理解题。根据第三段中的“It was this thought that led him to leave his money a huge amount of it for the founding of the famous Nobel prizes.”可知，阿尔弗雷德诺贝尔看到这则讣告之后，想了很多，最终决定把他大笔的钱用于设立著名的诺贝尔奖，故选D。7Why does the author mention James Joyce and Marcel Proust?ATo show the controversy of some Nobel prizes.BTo give examples of influential Nobel prizewinners.CTo explain the standard of giving out the Nobel prizes.DTo prove the influence of the Nobel prizes on literature.解析：选A推理判断题。根据第四段第三句“Even the award for literature has sometimes been criticized because the award mittee often neglects important writers.”(即便是诺贝尔文学奖有时候也会受到批评，因为奖项委员会经常会忽视重要的作家。)可知，作者以这两个人为例，是为了说明有时诺贝尔奖是存在争议的。8What does the author think of the Nobel prizes?AThere should be more female winners.BThere are too many controversial winners.CThey have honored many worthy winners.DThe mittee should be more selective.解析：选C观点态度题。根据最后一段中的“few would disagree that most of the prizewinners .deserve to be honored and remembered”可知，作者认为诺贝尔奖奖励了很多值得赞赏的人，故选C。 CWhen a mathematics student was examined in the hospital, Dr.John Lorber discovered that he had almost no brain at all.Normally, the condition is quite severe in the first months of babyhood.Even when someone survives he or she is usually seriously disabled.Somehow, though, the student had lived a perfectly normal life and went on to gain a degree in mathematics.This case is by no means as rare as it seems.Lorber has identified (确认) several hundred people who have very small brains but who appear to be normally intelligent people.He describes some of them as having “no detectable brain”， yet they have scored up to 120 in IQ tests.No one knows how people with “no detectable brain” are able to function at all, let alone graduate in mathematics.One suggestion is the old idea that we only use a small percentage of our brains anyway perhaps as little as 10 per cent.But more recent research shows this idea is a misunderstanding dating from research in the 1930s in which the functions of large areas of the brain could not be determined and were named “silent”， while in fact they are linked with important functions like speech and abstract thinking.The other interesting thing about Lorbers findings is that they remind us of the secret of memory.At first it was thought that there is a part in the brain for memory, like the memory chips in a PC.But further research of the brain has turned up the surprising fact that memory does not depend on any particular area in the brain.As one scientist put it, “Memory is everywhere in the brain and nowhere.”But if the brain is not a place for classifying and storing experiences and analyzing them to enable us to live our lives, then what on earth is the brain for？And where is the seat of human intelligence? Where is the mind?语篇解读：本文是一篇科普类说明文。作者从一个“无脑人”案例入手，分析了人类大脑的功能问题。9What will usually happen to a very young baby without brain?AIt will die.BIt will survive.CIt will be intelligent. DIt will bee disabled.解析：选A推理判断题。根据第一段中的第二句和第三句可知，通常情况下，在出生的前几个月里，(无脑)这种情况是非常严重的，有人即使存活下来，通常也会有严重的残疾。由此可知，这种情况的死亡率很高，故选A项。10What is the new finding of the functions of the brain?AMuch of the brain is useful.BThe brain is in fact of no use.CThe brain determines ones IQ.DOnly a small part of the brain is used.解析：选A细节理解题。根据第三段中的第二句可知，旧的观点是我们仅仅用了大脑很小的一部分；但下文对这一观点进行了否定。“But more recent research shows this idea is a misunderstanding .abstract thinking.”，即这种旧观点是一种误解。由此可知，我们并非只使用大脑中很小的一部分，而是大脑的大部分区域都跟重要的功能相关联，都是有用的，故选A项。11What do we know about the existence of memory?AWe use all of our brain.BWe have memory chips.CWe are fully aware of it.DWe are still confused about it.解析：选D推理判断题。根据题干中的关键词memory 定位到最后两段。作者在指出关于人类记忆的两种截然不同的观点之后，连续提出了三个疑问，因此可知我们对于记忆的存在依然是很困惑的，故选D项。DBy trying to tickle (使发痒) rats and recording how their nerve cells respond, Shimpei Ishiyama and his adviser are discovering a mystery that has puzzled thinkers since Aristotle expected that humans, given their thin skin and unique ability to laugh, were the only ticklish animals.It turns out that Aristotle was wrong.In their study published on Thursday, Ishiyama and his adviser Michael Brecht found that rats squeaked and jumped with pleasure when tickled on their backs and bellies.These signs of joy changed according to their moods.And for the first time, they discovered a special group of nerve cells.These nerve cells made this feeling so powerful that it causes a rat being tickled to lose control.To make sure that he had indeed found a place in the brain where tickling was processed, Ishiyama then stimulated (刺激) that area with electrical currents.The rats began to jump like rabbits and sing like birds.“Its truly groundbreaking，”said Jeffrey Burgdorf, a neuroscientist at Northwestern University who reviewed the paper.“It takes the study of emotion to a new level.”Burgdorf has played a central role in our understanding of animal tickling.He was part of a team that first noticed, in the late 1990s, that rats made special noises when they were experiencing social pleasure.Others had already noted that rats repeatedly made short and high sounds during meals.But the lab where Burgdorf worked noticed that they emitted similar sounds while playing.And so one day, the senior scientist in the lab said，“Lets go and tickle some rats.” They quickly found that those cries of pleasure doubled.“The authors have been very adventurous，” said Daniel OConnor, a neuroscientist at Johns Hopkins University.To him, that finding was very surprising.“Why does the world literally feel different when you are stressed out？” he said.“This is the first step towards answering that question.It gives us a way to approach it with experimental rigor (严谨)”语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文中科学家通过刺激老鼠来记录它们的神经细胞的反应，所得出的结论将对情绪的研究提升到了一个全新的高度。12What contributed to humans being ticklish according to Aristotle?ATheir special skin.BTheir social pleasure.CTheir nervous system. DTheir willingness to touch.解析：选A细节理解题。根据第一段中的“since Aristotle expected that humans, given their thin skin and unique ability to laugh, were the only ticklish animals”可知，亚里士多德认为人类由于其皮肤薄，而且有独特的笑的能力而成为唯一怕痒的动物，故选A项。13Which of the following statements will Jeffrey Burgdorf agree with?AThe research process is full of risks.BThe finding of the study is surprising and unbelievable.CThe new discovery is beneficial for the study of emotion.DThe finding of the study actually contradicts modern science.解析：选C推理判断题。根据第四段中的“It takes the study of emotion to a new level.”可知，这项研究成果把对情绪的研究提升到了一个全新的高度，显然，这对情绪的研究是有益处的。故选C项。14The underlined word “squeaked” in Paragraph 2 may be replaced by “_”Agave a smileBmade a noiseCburst into tears Dwatched with staring eyes解析：选B词义猜测题。根据该词后面的“jumped with pleasure when tickled on their backs and bellies”可知，当在老鼠的背部和腹部挠痒痒的时候，它们会高兴地跳起来，再结合第三段中的“The rats began to jump like rabbits and sing like birds.”可知，此处是“发出声音”，故选B项。15What is the best title for the text?AThe Life of Rats BHow Rats LaughCA Wonderful ScientistDA New Discovery about Rats解析：选D标题归纳题。根据全文内容可知，文章主要讲述了一项关于老鼠的新发现。故选D项。.阅读七选五Amanda is a good student whose favourite subject is math, but shes facing another kind of problem: cancer.She was diagnosed (诊断) when she was 11._1_ “The doctor was great regretful about telling me what the disease was and what to expect，” she says.“The only thing that really got to me was when she said Id lose my hair.”Sure enough, after the treatment to kill the cancer cells, Amandas long hair began to fall out.Because she has very little hair, Amanda notices that strangers often stare at her._2_ “I still play with my friends，” she says, “but we have to be more careful now because of the risk of infection (感染)And we mostly play in my house.”While shes being treated, Amanda cant go to some of her favourite places or do some of her favourite things, _3_ She cant swim.Shes also not allowed to lie in the sun.For Amanda, the hardest part about having cancer is not being able to be as social as she would like to be._4_ Instead, shes taught privately (个人地) at home.Right now, shes making the most of her time at home.Shes optimistic (乐观的) about the future and looks forward to feeling better.Meanwhile, Amanda says its important to let others know that shes the same person shes always been.“After all，” she says, “you just lose something._5_”AIt doesnt mean you lose everything.BBut her friends are used to her new look.CAmanda was brave when she heard the news.DShe cant go to the mall or go to dancing lessons.EThen she saw how upset her parents were and she was afraid.FBefore she started feeling sick, she was just like all her friends.GBecause she might get sick from the other children, Amanda cant attend school.语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了勇敢的女孩阿曼达，她身患癌症却依然坚强面对。1选C根据后面她说的话可知当医生告诉她病情的时候，她并没有感到非常害怕，只是提到要失去头发这件事情时，她才感到伤心，可推知她非常勇敢。故选C项。2选B前面提到陌生人因为她头发少而注视她，而后面提到朋友仍然和她一起玩，可知朋友们已经习惯了她的状况。故选B项。3选D前面一句说她不能去一些最喜欢的地方，也不能做一些最喜欢做的事情。空格后的一句话是在说她不能做的事情，故此处填她不能去的地方，故选D项。4选G上一句说到她不能进行正常的社交活动，下文就要解释为什么不能进行社交活动，故选G，解释原因。5选A根据前一句“你失去了一些东西”，可知接下来要说，“但是你没有失去一切”。
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