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Unit 1 Getting along with others一、阅读理解。The Amazon basin region is home to about 2.5 million insect species，tens of thousands of plants，and some 2 000 birds and mammals.To date，at least 40 000 plant species,3 000 fish,1 294 birds,427 mammals,428 amphibians，and 378 reptiles have been scientifically classified in the region.One in five of all the birds in the world live in the rainforests of the Amazon.The warm wet forests have been in existence for 55 million years，and thrived even during glacial periods，allowing for the evolution of an unbelievable diversity of species.Radiocarbon dating(放射性碳年代测定)has revealed trees of 10 centimeter diameter to be more than 300 years old，and some trees over 1 000 years old，indicating that untouched forests can experience unbelievable longevity.The first human inhabitants are thought to have settled in the Amazon region about 11 200 years ago.European explorers arrived in the 16th century，bringing diseases which traveled faster than the explorers themselves，killing perhaps as many as 90% of the indigenous inhabitants(土著居民)By the late 17th century the Amazon basin was controlled by Portuguese and Spanish explorers.The Amazon rainforest has been described as the lungs of our planet because of its important role in recycling carbon dioxide into oxygen.But due to deforestation(采伐森林)，rainforests now cover less than 5% of the Earths land surface，and experts believe that this is a big contributor to global climate change.Severe deforestation began in the 20th century，with 587 000 square kilometers lost up to the year 2000.Most deforested land is used for grassland to raise farm animals and agriculture.The addition of transport routes has led to increased settlement and deforestation，and at the present rate，scientists estimate that the Amazon rainforest will be reduced by 40% in two decades.1Why are the figures mentioned in Paragraph 1?ATo prove the forest untouched.BTo classify species scientifically.CTo show the diversity of species.DTo attract more attention to Amazon.2Why did most indigenous inhabitants in the Amazon region die?AEuropean explorers brought diseases there.BPortuguese explorers treated them badly.CA lot of trees were cut down and burned.DThey got killed by Spanish explorers.3What can be inferred about the Amazon rainforest?AIt has the largest number of species.BIt covers over 5% of South America.CIt is being larger in area.DIt is being endangered now.4What may be included in the following paragraph?AExamples of destroying forests.BMeasures to protect rainforests.CNew settlements in Amazon.DWays to stop global warming.【解题导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了亚马逊热带雨林正面临消失的危险。1C目的意图题。通读全文可知，第一段提到昆虫、植物和动物等物种的数量，是为了表明亚马逊热带雨林物种的多样性。故答案选C。2A细节理解题。European explorers arrived in the 16th century, bringing diseases which traveled faster than the explorers themselves，killing perhaps as many as 90% of the indigenous inhabitants(土著居民)(第三段第二句)译文：十六世纪，欧洲探险家来到这里，带来了疾病，这些疾病的传播速度比探险家前行的脚步还要快，大约使多达90%的土著居民死亡。根据关键句可知，欧洲探险家把疾病带到亚马逊地区，导致大多数土著居民死亡。故答案选A。3D推理判断题。The addition of transport routes has led to increased settlement and deforestation，and at the present rate，scientists estimate that the Amazon rain forest will be reduced by 40% in two decades.(最后一段最后一句)译文：运输路线的增加导致了定居点和滥伐森林的增加，根据目前的速度，科学家估计亚马逊热带雨林在二十年内将减少40%。根据关键句可推知，亚马逊热带雨林正面临消失的危险。故答案选D。4B推理判断题。最后一段主要介绍了由于滥伐森林，亚马逊热带雨林覆盖率在下降，正面临消失的危险；由此可推知，文章接下来应是针对这种情况介绍如何保护亚马逊热带雨林。故答案选B。亮点句积累：The addition of transport routes has led to increased settlement and deforestation，and at the present rate，scientists estimate that the Amazon rain forest will be reduced by 40% in two decades.(最后一段最后一句)译文：运输路线的增加导致了定居点和滥伐森林的增加，根据目前的速度，科学家估计亚马逊热带雨林在二十年内将减少40%。二、单项选择1.Surely the most _ thing would be not to believe these ridiculous lies.A. abstract B. diverse C. sensible D. sensitive【答案】C【解析】abstract 抽象的；diverse 多种多样的；sensible 明智的，通情达理的；sensitive 敏感的。句意：最明智的办法无疑是不要相信这些无稽的谎言。2.Now that the banks are back on their feet, we expect extraordinary _ from them to help rebuild the economy.A. mitment B. appointment C. instrument D. requirement【答案】A【解析】 mitment 承诺， 许诺； appointment 任命，约会，职务，职位；instrument 仪器，乐器；requirement要求。句意：现在，银行业恢复了往日的神采，我们希望银行能够做出重大承诺来帮助重振国家的经济。3.He will be generous and merciful to his opponents, as well as to those who are weaker than himself.A. ambitious B. cautious C. merciful D. punctual【答案】B【解析】ambitious 有野心的；cautious 谨慎的；merciful 仁慈的；punctual 守时的。句意：对待弱小者，他宽厚大方、仁慈善良，即便对他的对手也是如此。4._ the terrorist attack that happened in the city on March 1, the spokesman said that all suspects responsible for it would be severely punished.A. In harmony with B. In connection with C. In addition to D. In regard to【答案】D【解析】句意：关于 3 月 1 日发生在该市的恐怖袭击，这位发言人说所有对这个罪行负责的嫌疑犯都会受到严厉的惩罚。 根据句意可知， 用 in regard to“关于”。in harmony with 与和谐； in connection with 和有关(相关)；in addition to 除以外(还)。5.You can rely on _ she will e to your help. She is honest and kind-hearted.A. it that B. it C. that D. that it【答案】A【解析】句型：rely on it that.指望。句意：你可以指望他来帮助你。她诚实心地善良。6.I dont suppose they will e if it rains, _?A. do I B. doesnt it C. will it D. will they【答案】D【解析】否定的转移，反义疑问句跟宾语从句中的谓语一致。句意：我认为如果下雨他们是不会来的, 是吗？7._ can help but be fascinated by the world into which he is taken by the science fiction.A. Nobody B. Anybody C. Somebody D. Everybody【答案】A【解析】Nobody can help but do sth.=cant help but do sth.=cant help doing sth.，意为“忍不住做某事，情不自禁做某事”。句意：没有人能够忍住不为科幻小说带给我们的科幻世界着迷。8.In order to lose weight, the young lady prefers _ regularly rather than _ expensive weight-losing pills.A. to work out, to take B. working out, taking C. to work out, take D. to working out, taking【答案】C【解析】句型：prefer to do A rather than do B。句意：为了减肥，年轻女性更倾向于规律性地做运动而不是去吃昂贵的减肥药。hang out 闲逛；9.We would rather our daughter _ at home with us, but it is her choice, and she is not achild any longer.A. would stay B. has stayed C. stayed D. stay【答案】C【解析】would rather 后面的从句要使用虚拟语气，如果从句表示与现在将来相反，所以使用一般过去时，如果与过去相反，要使用过去完成时。句意：我们宁愿我们的女儿待在家里，但是这是她的选择，她已经不再是孩子了。根据句意可知是与现在事实相反，所以使用一般过去时。10.What made your skin look so terrible?_ to the sunlight for a long time.A. Because it was exposed B. After being exposedC. Being exposed D. Exposed【答案】C【解析】句意：什么使你的皮肤看起来如此糟糕呢？可知是对主语进行提问。答语为：长时间暴露于阳光下使我的皮肤看起来如此糟糕。be exposed to 暴露于，所以用动名词做主语，省略了重复的部分。11.Did you turn off the lights before you left the puter room?Oh, I forget _ them off. Ill go to do it.A. having been turned B. to turn C. to have turned D. turning【答案】B【解析】forget to do sth.“忘记要做某事”；forget doing sth.“忘记做过某事”。根据答语可知，没有做关灯这个动作，故应该用不定式，排除 B、D；A 项是完成式的被动式，这儿“turn”还没有发生，更不是被动。故选 B。注意 forget turning=forget to have turned。句意： “你离开电脑室前关灯了吗？”“噢，我忘记关了。我现在就去关。 ”12.Its quite hot today. Do you feel like _ for a swim?A. to go B. going C go D. having gone【答案】B【解析】feel like doing sth.想要做某事。动词短语 feel like 后面只能接动名词做宾语。句意：今天很热，你想要去游泳吗？D 项表示的是已经完成的动作。13.Young people may risk _ deaf if they are exposed to very loud music every day.A. to go B. to have gone C. going D. having gone【答案】C【解析】risk doing sth.意为“冒险做某事” 。句意：年轻人如果每天都置身于非常吵闹的音乐声中，他们的耳朵可能有失聪的危险。14.After receiving the Oscar for Best Supporting Actress, Anne Benedict went on _ all the people who had helped in her career.A. to thank B. thanking C. having thanked D. to have thanked【答案】A【解析】go on to do 接着做不同的事情。句意：在获得奥斯卡最佳女配角奖后，安妮本尼迪克特接着感谢在她演艺生涯中所有帮助过她的人。15.What is the best way you can imagine _ the overuse of water in our school?A. reducing B. to reduce C. reduced D. reduce【答案】B【解析】you can imagine 是定语从句，way to do 做某事的方法。句意：你能想象出的最好的、解决我校过度用水的办法是什么？三、完形填空。From childhood to old age, we all use language as a means of broadening our knowledge of ourselves and the world around us. When humans first _1_, they were like newborn babies, unable to use this _2_ tool. Yet once language developed, the possibilities for humankinds future _3_ and cultural growth increased. Many linguists believe that evolution is _4_ for our ability to produce and use language. They _5_ that our highly evolved brain provides us _6_ an innate language ability not found in lower _7_. Proponents(支持者)of this innateness(天赋)theory say that our _8_ for language is inborn, but that language itself develops gradually, _9_ a function of the growth of the brain during childhood. Therefore there are critical _10_ times for language development. Current _11_ of innateness theory are mixed, however, evidence supporting the existence of some innate abilities is undeniable. _12_ , more and more schools are discovering that foreign languages are best taught in _13_ grades. Young children often can learn several languages by being _14_ to them, while adults have a much harder time learning another language once the _15_ of their first language have bee firmly fixed. _16_ some aspects of language are undeniably innate, language does not develop automatically in a vacuum. Children who have been _17_ from other human beings do not possess language. This demonstrates that _18_ with other human beings is necessary for proper language development. Some linguists believe that this is even more basic to human language_19_ than any innate capacities. These theorists view language as imitative, learned behavior. _20_, children learn language from their parents by imitating them. Parents gradually shape their childs language skills by positively reinforcing precise imitations and negatively reinforcing imprecise ones.1. A. generatedB. evolvedC. bornD. bined【答案】B【解析】此处意为：当人类刚刚开始进化，他们如同新生儿一样不会运用语言这种工具。evolved逐渐发展进化，符合题意。generated生殖，发展；born (bear的过去分词)不能作谓语动词；bined联合，结合。2. A. valuableB. appropriateC. convenientD. favorite【答案】A【解析】根据语法分析，答案应用来修饰语言的。valuable珍贵的；appropriate合适的，适当的；convenient方便的，便利的；favorite最喜欢的。语言并不是人类选择的结果，而是人类在进化过程中慢慢发展起来的，对人类来说，应当是珍贵的。3. A. achievementsB. convenienceC. entertainmentsD. appearance 【答案】A【解析】此处意思是：语言的发展增加了人类取得未来的成就和文化进步的可能性。achievements成就；convenience方便；entertainments娱乐；appearance外观，外貌。4. A. essentialB. availableC. reliable D. responsible【答案】D【解析】此处意为：许多语言学家认为进化使人们产生和具备了语言的能力。固定短语be responsible for对负责，是的原由。其它选项不与for搭配。5. A. confirm B. informC. claimD. convince【答案】C6. A. forB. fromC. of D. with【答案】D【解析】固定搭配provide sb. with sth.意为“向(人)提供(物)”。 句意：他们断言，我们高度发达的大脑，为我们提供了一种天生的、还没有在低等生物体身上发现的语言能力。7. A. organizationsB. organismsC. humansD. children【答案】B【解析】根据上文的叙述，显然，这里是把人和低等动物相比较。因此选organisms有机体，生物体。8. A. potentialB. performanceC. preferenceD. contribution【答案】A【解析】此句意思是：人类的语言能力是与生俱来的，但语言本身也在逐渐发展，所以这种能力应该是潜在的。potential潜力；performance履行；preference偏爱；contribution贡献。9. A. as B. just asC. likeD. unlike【答案】A【解析】此句句意是：语言本身作为童年时期大脑生长的一种功能，其发展是缓慢的。as (作为，当作)合乎题意。like作为介词的意思是“像一样”。 10. A. consistentB. biologicalC. socialD. psychological【答案】B【解析】此句句意为：语言的发展有一个关键期，人体的成长是生物变化的过程。biological生物的；consistent一致的；social社会的；psychological心理的。11. A. reviewsB. referenceC. reactionD. remendation【答案】A【解析】此处意为：目前人们对“先天论”评论观点不一，但是支持某些天生能力的证据却是确凿无疑的。reviews评论；reference参考；reaction反应；remendation推荐。12. A. In a wordB. In a senseC. IndeedD. In conclusion【答案】C13. A. uniqueB. differentC. the higherD. the lower【答案】D【解析】此处意思是：越来越多的学校发现在什么年级学外语较容易，根据常识(低年级学外语较容易)以及后文的Young children often can learn several languages by being 14 to them, while adults可以选定答案。14. A. revealedB. exposedC. engagedD. involved【答案】B【解析】此处意为：通过接触多种语言，孩子们可以学会好几种语言。be exposed to是固定搭配，接触到。reveal(显露)sth.to sb，不合题意，因本题中的them指languages。其余选项不与to搭配。engage in从事；be involved in参与。15. A. regulationsB. formationsC. rulesD. constitutions【答案】C【解析】此句意思是：一旦母语的规则被深深印入脑海中，成年人就很难再学好另一种语言。rules规则，规律；regulations规定；formations构成，构造；constitutions宪法，章程。16. A. AlthoughB. WhetherC. SinceD. When【答案】A【解析】分析上下文的逻辑关系，应为让步关系。句意：虽然语言的一些因素是天生的这无可争辩，但语言却不能脱离实际而自动发展。17. A. distinguishedB. difficultC. protectedD. isolated【答案】D【解析】此句句意为：与人隔绝的儿童是不能掌握好一门语言的。isolated孤立的，与人隔绝的；distinguished区别的，杰出的；different不同的；protected受到保护的。18. A. expositionB. parisonC. contrastD. interaction【答案】D19. A. acquisitionB. appreciationC. requirementD. access【答案】A【解析】根据分析，本句中的“this”和“even more basic”分别指代上句的“interaction with other human beings”和“necessary”，此处所填词对应上文中的language development。也就是说，language acquisition语言习得。appreciation欣赏，感激；requirement要求；access入口，通路，路径。20. A. As a resultB. After all C. In other wordsD. As a whole【答案】C【解析】本句功能是以另一种方式解释前文中的“imitative, learned behavior.(模仿性的后天行为)”。in other words换言之，换句话说；as a result结果是；after all毕竟；as a whole总的来说，总体上看。这些语言学家视语言为一种模仿的学习性行为。也就是说，孩子通过模仿父母的语言来进行学习。父母们通过鼓励准确的模仿和改正不正确的模仿，逐渐塑造了他们的孩子的语言技能。四、七选五。Traveling alone gives you the freedom to create your own schedule and do as you please. 1. For example，a travel partner can provide practical support and share in the rewards of firsthand experience with unfamiliar locations and cultures.Here are several tips to find a travel partner who will improve your journey.2 Traveling should be fun.When you are on a trip，you will want to do lots of activities that you enjoy.Preferably，your panion will want to do the same things as you.Discuss financial plans.Before you travel，you should plan a budget. 3. You dont want to be planning an expensive getaway at the same time your friend is looking for budget travel.Have an honest conversation.If you are thinking about traveling with a panion，take some time to have an open discussion.Schedule a time to sit down and talk.Try saying，“I know weve talked about the idea of traveling through Europe together.Lets have a coffee this week and actually talk that through.” 4. You should also talk about your travel style.Find someone who is flexible.Choose a travel partner who can adjust. 5. Maybe it will rain on the day you planned to visit the Grand Canyon.Or you might not be able to get reservations at that French restaurant youve been dying to try.ALook for someone with mon interests.BYou should discuss your goals for the trip.CTravel with a friend who is pretty easygoing.DBut traveling with a partner has its benefits，too.EMake sure that you are on the same page concerning money.FTry to meet your new travel partner in person before your trip.GNo matter how carefully you plan your trip，it is likely that something will go wrong.【解题导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了如何找到一个很好的旅伴。1D解析：根据空后句子“For example，a travel partner can provide practical support and share in the rewards of firsthand experience”可知，空处谈论的是和旅伴一起旅行有关的，而空前讲述的是独自旅行，上下文之间存在转折关系。所以D选项正确。2A解析：根据空处所在位置可知，此处为段落主题句。根据本段最后一句可知，最好和你的旅伴有共同的兴趣，所以A选项正确。3E解析：根据本段中的关键词“financial plans”“plan a budget”和“budget travel”可知，选项E中的“on the same page concerning money”与此内容相呼应，所以选E。4B解析：根据本段主题句“进行诚实的谈话”可知，此段的核心话题是“谈话”；又根据空后的“You should also talk about your travel style.”可知，你还需要和你的旅伴讨论你们的旅行方式。选项B中的关键词“discuss your goals”与此呼应，所以选B。5G解析：本段主题句是“找到一个头脑灵活的旅伴”。根据空后的例子可知，在旅行中会突然出现意想不到的事情。G选项中的“carefully you plan your trip”和“go wrong”与此照应，所以选G。
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