if从句中的虚拟语气.ppt

语气是谓语动词的一种形式 表明说话的目的和意图 英语中有四种语气 1 陈述语气 theindicativeMood Chinaisagreatcountry 2 疑问语气 theInterrogativeMood Areyoufromthesouth 3 祈使语气 theImperativeMood Comeinandtakeaseat 4 虚拟语气 theSubjunctiveMood 四种语气 虚拟语气是一种特殊的动词形式 一是用来表示说话人所说的话不是一个事实 而是一种假设 猜测 怀疑等 在条件从句中或让步状语从句中 一是表示说话人的愿望 要求 命令 建议等 在宾语从句 主语从句 表语从句 同位语从句 Ifhehaddrivenmorecarefully hewouldnothavehadthecaraccidentyesterday IwishIwereastallasyou 本节主要的学习内容 If状语从句中的虚拟语气1 时态问题2 错综时间的虚拟句3 省略if的条件从句4 含蓄虚拟条件句 TheSubjunctiveMoodUsedinIf Clause byHongmei 虚拟语气在在条件从句中 在条件从句中 叫虚拟条件句 表示与事实相反的条件 分三种情况 以do为例 Right Ourlifewouldn tbesoeasyifwedidn thaveacomputer Peoplehavebecomemoreinformedthaneverbeforewiththedevelopmentofcomputerscience Accordingtothepicture welearnthat 1 Ourlifewouldn tbesoeasyifwedidn thaveacomputer Thefactis Acomputermakesourlifeeasy Peoplehavebecomemoreinformedthaneverbeforewiththedevelopmentofcomputerscience Right Ourlifewouldn tbesoeasyifwedidn thaveacomputer Howniceitwouldbeifwecouldgetridofallkindsofviruses Accordingtothepicture welearnthat 1 Ourlifewouldn tbesoeasyifwedidn thaveacomputer Thefactis Acomputermakesourlifeeasy 2 Itwouldbemuchbetterifwecouldgetridofallkindsofviruses Thefactis Wecan tpossiblygetridofallkindsofviruses Sorry Ididn tpassyesterday stest Ifyouhadbeenabitmorecareful youwouldhavedonemuchbetter Iftheboyhadbeenabitmorecarefulinyesterday stest hewouldhavedonemuchbetter Thefactis Theboywasnotsocarefulinyesterday stest andhedidn tdowell 1 IfIhadHIV IwouldknowbecauseIwouldfeelsick 2 IfIwereyou IwouldgiveAIDSpatientahug 3 IfIhadtakenyouradvice Iwouldn thavemadeamistake 4 Ifhehadbeenthere itwouldn thavehappened 与现在事实相反 与过去事实相反 5 Ifitshouldraintomorrow theywouldn tgoforanouting 6 Ithinkwecoulddoit ifweplanneditproperlyandcouldborrowthetools 7 Ifweweretohavethreedaysoff wewouldenjoyaveryhappylife 与将来事实相反 区别 Ifitrainstomorrow thecropswillbesaved Imustleaveifthatisthecase YouwillforgivemeifIhavegivenyoupain Ifitrainedtomorrow thecropswouldbesaved Ifyoudidn tstayupsolateeveryevening youfeelsosleepyinthemorning 陈述语气 虚拟语气 c Ifthepoliceman benot inthatroomnow it be verydangerous d IfI be inyourpositionatthistime I ask forteacher shelp a Ifthey be here they take youradvice b Iftheworld war burst outagain what happen toourpeopleonearth were wouldtake burst wouldhappen werenot couldbe were wouldask PRACTICE1 Fillintheblanks e IfTom be morecarefulintheexam he pass italready f Ifyou get upearlier you catch thefirsttrain hadbeen wouldhavepassed hadgot wouldhavecaught 错综时间的虚拟句 通常情况下 在非真实条件句中主句和从句的谓语动词所指时间是一致的 但有时也可能指不同的时间 这时要根据上下文的意思采用不同的谓语动词形式 又称为混合条件句 IfI take myraincoatwithmethismorning I notbe wetnow hadtaken wouldnotbe 1 IfIwereyou Iwouldhavetakenhisadvice 从句指现在 主句指过去 2 Ifwehadn tbeenworkinghardinthepastfewyears thingswouldn tbegoingsosmoothly 从句指过去 主句指现在 3 Ifithadn tbeenforhercare Ishouldnotbespeakingtoyounow 从句指过去 主句指现在 4 Ifwehadnotgoteverythingreadybynow weshouldbehavingamoreterribletimetomorrow 从句指现在 主句指将来 1 如果过去天气好的话 现在庄稼长得更好了 Iftheweather be finer thecrops grow stillbetter 2 如果你听了老师的建议的话 你现在就不会在医院里了 Ifyou follow theteacher sadvice you be inthehospital 3 如果你身体状况好一些的话 我们本可能会让你去帮助他们工作的 Ifyou be inbetterhealth we allow youtogotheretohelptheirwork hadbeen wouldbegrowing hadfollowed wouldn tbe were couldhaveallowed PRACTICE2 Fillintheblanks 省略if的条件从句 当从句中有were had或should时 可省略if 而把它们放在句首 IfIweretomeethimtomorrow Ishouldaskhimaboutit WereItomeethimtomorrow Ifheshouldfailintheexperimentthistime hewouldtryagain Shouldhefailintheexperiment Ifyouhadcomeafewminutesearlier youwouldhavemethim Hadyoucomeafew 含蓄虚拟条件句 Butforhispension hewouldstarve 有时假设的情况并不以条件从句表示出来 二是暗含在上下文中 比如通过介词短语来表示 这些介词常是 butfor without otherwise or等 1 如果不是听了你的建议 我就不会做的如此成功 Butforyouradvice Icouldnothavedoneitsosuccessfully Withoutyouradvice Thanksforyouradvice orI Ifithadnotbeenforyouradvice 2 没有开放的政策 就不会有如此大的变化Thechangecouldnothavetakenplacewithouttheopen doorpolicy Ifithadnotbeenfortheopen doorpolicy 3 我当时很忙 否则 我就会把答案告诉他的 Iwassobusythen Otherwise Iwouldhavetoldhimtheanswer IfIhadnotbeensobusythen 4 WhatwouldIhavedonewithoutyou 条件暗含在分词短语withoutyou中 5 Itwouldbeeasiertodoitthisway 条件暗含在不定式短语todoitthisway中 6 Wewouldhavesucceeded 暗含ifwehadkepttrying 7 Thissamething happeninginwartime wouldleadtoadisaster 条件暗含在分词短语happeninginwartime中 8 Alone hewouldhavebeenterrified 暗含条件是alone 9 Iwouldhavewrittenlongbefore butIhavebeenill 条件暗含在but的并列句中 Conclusion PRACTICE3 1 Itwasthedrug notthedisease thatkilledtheboy Hewouldbestillalivetodayifhe thatdrug A nottakeB hadn ttakenC didn ttakeD shouldn thavetaken2 IftheUnitedStateshadbuiltmorehomesforpoorpeoplein1955 thehousingproblemsnowinsomepartsofthiscountry soserious A wouldn tbeB willnothavebeenC wouldn thavebeenD wouldhavenotbeen3 mancouldnotliveatall Awereitnotforthesun Bifitwasforthesun Chaditnotbeenforthesun Difitshouldn tbeforthesun 6 Ilostyouraddress otherwiseI youlongbefore A hadvisitedB havevisitedC wouldhavevisitedD shouldvisit7 I yousomemoney butIhadn tgotanythen A wouldlendB wouldhavelentC couldlendD mayhavelent8 Ifitwerenotforthefactthatshe sing Iwouldinvitehertotheparty 2006福建 A couldn tB couldC can tD mightnot9 fired yourhealthcareandotherbenefitswouldbeimmediatelycutoff 2006湖北 A WouldyoubeB ShouldyoubeC CouldyoubeD Mightyoube10 IfI plantodoanythingIwantedto I dliketogotoTibetandtravelasmuchofitaspossible 2005湖北 A wouldB couldC hadtoD oughtto 11 ItishardformetoimaginewhatIwouldbedoingtodayifI inlove attheageofseven withtheMelindaCoxLibraryinmyhometown 2002上海 A wouldn thavefallenB hadnotfallenC shouldfallD weretofall12 Whatwouldhavehappened asfarastheriverbank 2001上海 A BobhadwalkedfartherB ifBobshouldwalkfartherC hadBobwalkfartherC ifBobwalkedfarther13 Hehesitatedforamomentbeforekickingtheball otherwisehe agoal 2001上海春 A hadscoredB scoredC wouldscoreD wouldhavescored14 Yesterday Janewalkedawayfromthediscussion Otherwise she somethingshewouldregretlater 1996上海 A hadsaidB saidC mightsayD mighthavesaid 17 forthefreetickets Iwouldnothavegonetothefilmsoften 1995上海 A IfitisnotB WereitnotC HaditnotbeenD Iftheywerenot Thankyou