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Module 1 Europe(一)课前自主学习.阅读单词知其意1boot n长统靴；皮靴2landmark n纵联1 标志性建筑3gallery n. 美术馆；画廊4sculpture n. 雕刻；泥塑5birthplace n. 发源地6civilisation n. 文明7whereabouts adv. 在哪里8parliament n. 国会；议会_9region n. 地区；区域_10geographical adj. 地理的.重点单词写其形1across prep. 横过；穿过2face vt. 面向；面对3range n. 山脉；范围4symbol n. 象征；符号 5architect n. 建筑师6project n. 计划；项目；工程7ancient adj. 古代的8head n. 领袖；领导人9representative n. 代表10feature n. 特点.拓展单词通其变1continental adj.大陆的；大洲的continent n大陆；大洲纵联22situated adj.坐落(某处)的；位于(某处)的situation n形势；情况；位置situate vt.使位于；使处于3located adj.位于location n位置locate vt.使坐落于 vi.定位；定居4opposite prep.在对面oppose vt.反对5sign vt.签署signature n签字；署名6agreement n协议；契约disagreement n不同意；分歧7govern vt.统治；治理government n政府纵联38produce n产品；农产品product n产品；制品production n生产；产量纵联1.“n.n.”合成名词精选landmark标志性建筑 birthplace发源地daybreak黎明 keyboard键盘headache头痛 steamboat汽船waterfall瀑布 newspaper报纸纵联2.世界七大“洲”Asia亚洲 Europe欧洲Africa非洲 Antarctica南极洲Oceania大洋洲 North America北美洲South America南美洲纵联3.加后缀ment构成的名词面面观governgovernment 政府agreeagreement 协议；契约equipequipment 装备developdevelopment 发展movemovement 移动establishestablishment 建立employemployment 雇用announceannouncement 通告单元话题欧洲子话题1地理状况province n. 省state n. 州；邦；政府zone n. 地域；地带；地区district n. 区域；地方；行政区border n. 边境；边界；国界boundary n. 边界；界限；分界线frontier n. 边沿；边界；国界county n. 郡，县子话题2人口状况resident n居民 rural adj.农村的，乡下的urban adj.城市的；市镇的 poverty n贫困racial adj.种族的；人种的 citizen n公民；市民aging population老龄化人口 immigrant n移民，侨民学考对接活学活用高考采撷(一)阅读中的词汇应用1(2018天津高考阅读A) The University of Adelaide employs a fulltime staff of fire prevention professionals.They inspect all campus buildings and test and maintain all sprinkler (喷水灭火装置) systems, fire alarms, and fire extinguishers (灭火器)They also provide educational programs on fire safety in the residence halls.Whenever you move to a new area， you should locate the fire alarm pull stations and the two exits nearest your room.写出programs在本单元中的同义词：projects;_program的词义为：程序，节目，计划用本单元中的词汇替换area：region写出locate在本单元中的形容词形式：located，常构成短语be_located_in，其名词形式为：location2(2016全国卷阅读D) Other cultures may use silence in other ways, particularly when dealing with conflicts among people or in relationships of people with different amounts of power.For example, Russian, French, and Spanish persons may use silence to show (agree) between parties about the topic under discussion.However, Mexicans may use silence when instructions are given by a person in authority rather than be rude to that person by arguing with him or her.In still another use, persons in Asian cultures may view silence as a signof respect, particularly to an elder or a person in authority.用agree的正确形式填空：agreement，含有词根agree的词有：disagree, disagreement等写出sign在句中的含义：标志，其同义词有：symbol, mark等高考采撷(二)写作中的词汇应用(根据汉语及提示词翻译句子)1(2018全国卷书面表达)我们学校最近修建了一个新体育馆，它位于图书馆后面。(located)Our_school_has_built_a_new_stadium_recently,_which_is_located_behind_the_library.2(2017全国卷书面表达)如果你感兴趣，请在9月10日前在我们学校网站上报名参加。(sign)If_you_are_interested,_sign_up_on_our_school_website_before_September_10.(二)课堂重点释疑1across prep.横过；穿过；交叉；在另一边；在各处；遍及 adv.从一边到另一边；宽；交叉地记牢e across(偶然)遇见；发现；被理解get across (to) 使被理解；向讲清楚 练通单句语法填空(2018北京高考) panies have been testing their vehicles in cities across the country.用e across, get across to填空(2017天津高考) It was when I got back to my apartment that I first came_across my new neighbors.Could you predict how many audience your speech will get_across_to the reasons for the need to raise interest rates?选词填空(across, through, over)The Great Wall winds its way from west to east, across the desert, over the mountains, through the valleys, till at last it reaches the sea.长城从西向东跨过沙漠，越过高山，穿越山谷，直至最后到达大海。写美翻译句子在我们的日常生活中，我们不可避免地时常遇到各种各样的挑战。In_our_daily_life,_we_unavoidably_e_across_various_challenges_now_and_then.2face vt.面向；面对n.面孔；表情；正面记牢(1)be faced with面临，面对face up to 勇敢面对(2)make a face 做鬼脸face to face 面对面in the face of 面对；在面前练通单句语法填空Facing (face) so much trouble, he didnt know what to do.When I am faced with a difficulty in my study, I usually choose to refer to relevant learning materials or web pages.句型转换Facing these difficulties, many students find themselves unable to pay full attention to their studies.When_facing these difficulties, many students find themselves unable to pay full attention to their studies.(状语从句的省略)Faced_with these difficulties, many students find themselves unable to pay full attention to their studies.(过去分词短语作状语)In_the_face_of these difficulties, many students find themselves unable to pay full attention to their studies.(介词短语作状语)写美翻译句子这是我第一次和我妈妈面对面交谈。It_was_the_first_time_that_I_had_talked_with_my_mother_face_to_face.3range n山脉；幅度；范围；种类 v排列；(在一定范围内)变化，变动记牢(1)in/within range (of sth.)在范围内beyond/out of range (of sth.) 在范围外a wide range of . 范围广泛的；各种各样的(2)range from .to . 在范围内变动range between .and . 在和范围内变动练通单句语法填空(2017北京高考) The national park has a large collection of wildlife, ranging (range) from butterflies to elephants.When driving on highways, the driver must control his or her speed within/in the range of 60km/h and 120km/h.The price of the house is so high that it is well beyond our range.写美补全句子(2018全国卷书面表达)而且，随着体育场的建立，可以举行各种各样的体育项目，其中乒乓球、足球和跑步比赛很受欢迎。Moreover,_with_the_stadium_set_up,_a_wide_range_of_sports_events_are_able_to_be_held,_of which table tennis, football as well as running petitions enjoy great popularity.4opposite prep.在对面 adj.对面的；相反的；对立的 adv.在对面n.对立面；对立的人；反义词记牢(1)be opposite to与相反；在对面just the opposite 恰恰相反(2)oppose vt. 反对；与对抗oppose doing sth. 反对做某事(3)opposed adj. 反对的；相反的be opposed to (doing) sth. 反对(做)某事练通单句语法填空Only 18 percent of those surveyed were opposed to the idea.The post office is opposite (oppose) to the first teaching building.Our members are definitely opposed to making make concessions (让步) on the safety question.The result was quite opposite to what we had expected.一句多译很多教育家强烈反对过度保护孩子。Many educators strongly_oppose_protecting children too much.(oppose)Many educators are_strongly_opposed_to_protecting children too much.(opposed)用准(1)oppose意为“反对”，后常跟动名词作宾语；(2)be opposed to短语中，to为介词，后跟名词、代词或动名词作宾语。写美翻译句子至于那个计划，一些人赞成而其他人反对。我是反对计划的那些人之一。As_for_the_plan,_some_agree_while_others_dont.Im_one_of_those_opposed_to_it.联想“反对做某事”还可以表达为： object to doing sth.; be against doing sth.等。5sign vt.签署；签名；打手势；示意 n符号；记号；手势；迹象记牢(1)sign to sb.to do sth.打手势让某人做某事sign in/out 签到/签退sign up 报名参加；注册(2)a sign of . 的标志/迹象练通单句语法填空I was driving around the corner when a policeman signed to me to_stop (stop)In munication, a smile is usually a strong sign of a friendly and open attitude.For safety reasons, please sign in when you arrive at the building, and sign out when you leave.写美翻译句子凡是想参加比赛的人应该在12月8日前到高三英语老师办公室报名。Those_who_would_like_to_take_part_in_the_petition_are_supposed_to_sign_up_in_English_teachers_offices_of_senior_3_before_December_8th.词汇过关综合训练.单词拼写1I felt lucky to have been chosen as a representative (代表) of Canada and joined in the cultural tour to Pompeii and Loulan.2The concept of intelligent robots, as friends or enemies, dates back to ancient (古代的) times.3For generations cars have been a symbol (象征) of freedom and Americas most important pastime.4Most young architects (建筑师) particularly those in big cities can only dream about working in a building of their own.5Greece is the birthplace (发源地) of the Olympic Games.6Located in Paris, the Louvre is one of the worlds largest art gallery (美术馆)7(2018全国卷)Color choices in this range (种类) are a step up from the small ones in two major ways.8Lying across (横过) the river is a bridge built two hundred years ago.9Only after her mother came to help her for the first few months was she allowed to begin her project (计划)10On the opposite (对面的) wall is hanging one map as well as dozens of pictures.单句语法填空1Shanghai, situated (situate) in east of China, is an international city.2If you yell at him, he will be guaranteed to do the opposite (oppose) of what you want.3The resemblance between the two signatures (sign) was remarkable.4The continental (continent) railway system has a perfect luggage service.5Experts disagreed on where to build a bridge and the disagreement (disagree) led to the delay of the project.6It is likely to be just the name of a pany, part of which may be a general location (locate)7Right now, the government (govern) should take powerful measures to push the states economy forward.8Faced (face) with so many problems arising from lack of munication, I didnt know how to deal with them independently.根据提示补全句子1药品应放在儿童不容易接近的地方。(range)Medicine should be kept where it is_out_of_childrens_range.2我认为家庭成员面对面交流很重要，这有助于形成一种和谐的家庭氛围。(face)I think it important to municate with our family members face_to_face,_which helps build a harmonious family atmosphere.3为了这次时装表演，该公司签约了三名顶尖模特儿。(sign)The pany has signed_up three top models for the fashion show.4当沿着街道散步的时候，我遇见了多年未见的戴维。(across)When walking down the street, I came_across David who I hadnt seen for years.5令人奇怪的是，格林先生在讨论中没作任何评论，他也是反对这项新政策的。(oppose)Strangely, Mr Green, who was_also_opposed_to the new policy, made no remark in the discussion.(一)课前自主学习1of_all_time有史以来2be_known_as 作为而出名/闻名3ever_since 自从一直；自从那时起4because_of 因为；由于5in_terms_of 串记1 据；依照6little_by_little 串记2 一点点地；逐渐地7on_the_other_hand 另一方面；反过来说8work_on 从事；努力做同根短语串记串记1.“of结尾”短语聚会in terms of据；依照 as a result of由于；因为in spite of尽管；不管 on account of由于；因为on behalf of代表 instead of代替；而不是regardless of不管；不顾 in favour of 赞成；支持串记2.由little by little想到的little by little 一点点地；逐渐地step by step 一步一步地；逐步one by one 一个接一个地day by day 一天天地year by year 年复一年side by side 肩并肩；并排1the most popular place for tourists最受游客欢迎的地方2be designed by 由设计3in the 1300s 在14世纪4a great artistic movement 伟大的艺术运动5the most famous art gallery 最著名的艺术长廊6the birthplace of western civilisation 西方文明的发源地7off the northwest coast 在西北海岸8have control over 对加以控制1Between_France_and_Spain_is another mountain range the Pyrenees.在法国和西班牙之间是另一座山脉比利牛斯山脉。2Their work has_influenced other writers ever_since.他们的作品影响了后世的作家。3The expanded European Union has a population of more than half a billion people, twice_as_big_as the population of the United States.扩展后的欧盟人口超过五亿，是美国人口的两倍。学考对接活学活用高考采撷(一)完形中的短语(补全句子)1(2018浙江高考完形填空) Because_of (因为) all this extra time, there was no sense of urgency to do my school work immediately.2(2016北京高考完形填空) From there, dogsled (狗拉雪橇) drivers known_as (作为而著名) “mushers” would carry it to Nome in a relay (接力)高考采撷(二)写作中的短语和句式(补全句子/词汇升级)1(2018江苏高考书面表达) On_the_other_hand (另一方面), ratings can save time to make decisions in shopping.2(2018全国卷书面表达) Speaking of table manners, keep your voice low and pleasant during the meal.(用本单元短语替换加黑词汇)In_terms_of3(2018天津高考书面表达)你在你们学院举办的机器人比赛中获得了一等奖，并且从那时起你展示出了在设计机器人方面的巨大天赋。(ever since)You have won first prize in the Robotics petition held in your institute and have_shown_great_talent_in_designing_robots_ever_since.(二)课堂重点释疑短语集释1in terms of 据；依照；就而言记牢in the long/short term从长远/短期来看be on good/bad terms with sb. 与某人关系好/不好e to terms with sb. 与某人达成协议；与某人和解练通用上述短语填空In_terms_of study and health, we should develop a healthy lifestyle.The agreement should have very positive results in_the_long_term.To keep up good relationships with your teachers and classmates, you should learn to be_on_good_terms_with them.写美补全句子(2018江苏高考书面表达)在网上购物方面，无论我买什么都倾向于查阅消费排名。In_terms_of_shopping_online,_I tend to consult consumption ratings whatever I purchase.2on the other hand 另一方面；反过来说记牢(1)on (the) one hand .; on the other hand .(引出不同的，尤指对立的观点、思想等) 一方面；另一方面(却)(2)for one thing .; for another . (用于引出并列的理由)一则；二则(3)first(ly) .; second(ly) .第一；第二 练通补全句子On_(the)_one_hand,_I have strong belief that I will do well in the exam; on_the_other_hand,_I feel a bit nervous, though its not difficult.一方面，我坚信会在考试中做得很好；另一方面，虽然不难，我仍感觉有点紧张。To improve your English, first(ly),_you should listen more; second(ly),_you should read more.为了提高你的英语水平，第一，你应该多听；第二，你应该多读。Im not going to buy the car; for_one_thing I dont like the color, and for_another its far too expensive.我不打算买这辆车；一是我不喜欢这种颜色，二是它太贵了。用准on the one hand中的the可以省略，而on the other hand中的the不能省略。另外， on the other hand可以单独使用。写美补全句子(2018全国卷书面表达)通常来讲，一方面，你到达时间不要晚于规定时间，早几分钟最好；另一方面，你最好带一些小礼物，例如你们国家的特产食品或饮料。Generally speaking, on_the_one_hand,_your arrival shouldnt be later than the fixed time, and a few minutes earlier is the best; on_the_other_hand,_youd better bring some little gifts, such as a special food or drink from your country.句式集释介词短语置于句首的倒装句式教材原句Between_France_and_Spain_is_another_mountain_range the Pyrenees.悟拓展例句(1)In came_a_girl,_wearing a white skirt.一个穿着白色裙子的小姑娘走了进来。(2)Into the dark apartment walked my friend, who was quite surprised when everyone shouted Happy Birthday.我朋友走进了黑暗的房间，当大家喊生日快乐时，他感到很惊讶。(3)Present at the meeting were_some_scientists from China.一些来自中国的科学家出席了会议。(4)Such_is_our_lively_city,_which you are wele to visit whenever at your convenience.这就是我们这座充满活力的城市，只要您方便，随时欢迎来参观。析用法规则用法归纳(1)out, in, down, up, away, here, now, then, there等表示方位、地点和时间的副词置于句首，且主语是名词时，句子用完全倒装。(2)表示地点的介词短语置于句首，且主语是名词时，句子用完全倒装。(3)作表语的形容词、分词短语提到系动词前面时，句子也用完全倒装，即“形容词/分词系动词主语”结构。(4)代词such置于句首，且在句中作表语时，句子用完全倒装。注意事项(1)此类用法中的谓语动词一般为be动词或lie, e, go, stand等动词，且句子的主语为名词。(2)如果句子的主语为人称代词，不用倒装语序。如：Look at the little dog! Here it runs. 看这条小狗！它跑过来了。背写作佳句(1)(2018北京高考书面表达)Next came the moment when I asked them to have a try themselves.(要点句)(2)Such is our experience, indeed an invaluable piece of experience.(总结句)词块、句式过关综合训练.选词填空of all time， be known as， ever since， because of， in terms of， little by little， on the other hand1The job is great in_terms_of salary, but it has its disadvantages.2He was forced to drop out of school because_of his illness.3I would like a job which pays more, but on_the_other_hand,_I enjoyed the work Im doing at the moment.4Follow the doctors advice after operation and you will pick up little_by_little.5Ever_since they moved to this apartment, Mary and Alice have been good partners.6He is the greatest basketball player of_all_time.7About three decades ago, China was_known_as the “Bicycle Kingdom”.根据提示补全句子/一句多译1学生们不应该仅仅依据他们的考试成绩有多好而受到评价。(in terms of)The students shouldnt only be judged in_terms_of_how_good_their_marks_were in the exam.2我们每个人都有优点，但是另一方面我们每个人也有缺点。(on the other hand)We each have strengths, but on_the_other_hand_each_of_us_has_weaknesses.3她五年前毕业，从那时起便一直当护士。(ever since)She left school five years ago and has_worked_as_a_nurse_ever_since.4窗户旁边坐着一位年轻人，手里拿着一本杂志。(完全倒装)By the window sat_a_young_man with a magazine in his hand.5我的农场已经扩展成了一个大农场，是原来的三倍大。(倍数表达法)My farm has expanded into a big one, which is_three_times_as_big_as the previous one.My farm has expanded into a big one, which is_three_times_bigger_than the previous one.My farm has expanded into a big one, which is_three_times_the_size_of the previous one.应用文分步写作假定你是李华，你的美国朋友Jack准备到你居住的城市成都来旅游，请你给他写一封电子邮件介绍成都的情况，要点如下：1城市在本省的地位；2城市的历史、人口；3景点和美食。注意：1.词数80左右；2可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。第一步：准确审题，理行文脉络，拟写作要点本文属于应用文中的电子邮件，时态为一般现在时，人称以第一人称为主。文章应分三个层次来写，即开头点明写信的缘由，主体部分介绍成都详情，结尾表达祝愿。主体部分共3个要点，即“该城市在所在省的地位”“该城市的历史、人口”“该城市的景点和美食”。要点的表达要力求准确，避免语言失误。开头语：我很高兴你要来成都。现在让我给你介绍一下成都吧。Im_really glad_that_youre_ing_to_Chengdu.Now_let_me_tell_you_something_about_it.要点1：成都是中国西南地区的政治、经济和文化中心。Chengdu_is_the_centre_of_politics,_economy_and_culture_in_the_southwest_of_China.要点2：成都有2 300多年的悠久历史，人口超过1 600万。(have a long history of) Chengdu_has_a_long_history_of_over_2,300_years,_with_a_population_of_more_than_16_million.要点3：那里有许多名胜古迹。There_are_a_lot_of_places_of_interest.要点3：它因美味的火锅和当地小吃而闻名。(wellknown)It_is_wellknown_for_the_delicious_hotpot_and_the_local_snacks.结尾语：我希望你在成都玩得愉快。I_hope_youll_enjoy_your_stay_in_Chengdu.第二步：添加细节，文意更丰满，表达更亮眼3个要点表达很单一，还需要对其进行拓展，以使要点丰满、内容充实。如要点1在介绍成都时可以添加同位语“四川省的省会城市”；要点3，可用such as来列举详细的景点名称(武侯祠和青城山)；要点3可以添加地点状语“在国内外”；介绍完“景点和美食”之后，可以补充“来到此地后的感受”，比如“一旦你来这里，你将不想离开”。拓展要点1：四川省的省会城市成都是中国西南地区的政治、经济和文化中心。(使用同位语)Chengdu,_the_capital_city_of_Sichuan_Province,_is_the_centre_of_politics,_economy_and_culture_in_the_southwest_of_China.拓展要点3：那里有许多名胜古迹，例如武侯祠和青城山。(such as)There_are_a_lot_of_places_of_interest,_such_as_Wuhou_Temple_and_Mount_Qingcheng.拓展要点3：它因美味的火锅和当地小吃而闻名国内外。(both .and)It_is_wellknown_for_the delicious_hotpot_and the_local_snacks_both_at_home and_abroad.补充要点3：一旦你来这里，你将不想离开。(用once引导时间状语从句)Once_you_e_here,_you_will_never_want_to_leave.第三步：连句成文，排语句顺序，重衔接过渡在介绍成都时，首先应先介绍其省会城市的地位以及历史、人口等。在介绍景点和美食前，应先用Its really a very beautiful city.来统领，然后用关联词besides进行衔接，让文章显得自然流畅。Dear_Jack，Im_really_glad_that_youre_ing_to_Chengdu.Now_let_me_tell_you_something_about_it.Chengdu,_the_capital_city_of_Sichuan_Province,_is_the_centre_of_politics,_economy_and_culture_in_the_southwest_of_China.It_has_a_long_history_of_over_2,300_years,_with_a_population_of_more_than_16_million.Its_really_a_very_beautiful_city.There_are_a_lot_of_places_of_interest,_such_as_Wuhou_Temple_and_Mount_Qingcheng.Besides,_it_is_wellknown_for_the_delicious_hotpot_and_the_local_snacks_both_at_home_and_abroad.Once_you_e_here,_you_will_never_want_to_leave.I_hope_you_will_enjoy_your_stay_in_Chengdu.Yours，Li_Hua理清文体结构之(十三)说明文之现象类确定说明对象，查找说明顺序和方法破解现象类说明文的关键：首先确定主题句，它常常位于篇首，通过主题句确定文章的说明对象。其次，要在略读全文时确定说明的顺序和方法，这是文章的核心部分，是命题的切入点，也是解题的关键。然后迅速浏览题干，结合题干要求到文中寻找关键对应点，从而确定答案。高考典例2018全国卷C篇确定说明对象，查找说明顺序和方法高考典例2018全国卷C篇读文解题技法说明对象时间1数字1时间2数字2数字3时间4数字5数字6数字71Languages have been ing and going for thousands of years, but in recent times there has been less ing and a lot more going. When the world was still populated by huntergatherers, small, tightly knit (联系) groups developed their own patterns of speech independent of each other. Some language experts believe that 10,000 years ago, when the world had just five to ten million people, they spoke perhaps 12,000 languages between them.2Soon afterwards, many of those people started settling down to bee farmers, and their languages too became more settled and fewer in number. In recent centuries，trade, industrialisation, the development of the nationstate and the spread of universal pulsory education, especially globalisation and better munications in the past few decades, all have caused many languages to disappear, and dominant languages such as English, Spanish and Chinese are increasingly taking over.3At present, the world has about 6,800 languages. The distribution of these languagesis hugely uneven. The general rule is that mild zones have relatively few languages, often spoken by many people, while hot, wet zones have lots, often spoken by small numbers. Europe has only around 200 languages; the Americas about 1,000; Africa 2,400; and Asia and the Pacific perhaps 3,200, of which Papua New Guinea alone accounts for well over 800. The
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