初中英语短文填空答题指导.ppt

短文填空 答题指导 训练 ByMsWuYingfen 一 短文填空题型说明短文填空也叫综合填空 其特点是将一篇短文中的若干个词抽出后 要求考生根据短文的意思 在每个空格中填上一个词 使短文意思完整正确 它是测试学生的理解能力及对词汇 语法和习惯用法等掌握情况的一种形式 短文填空是中考试题里一个比较难的项目 究其原因有以下 1 考点不明确 凡涉及到英文的理解 词汇 语法和习惯用法的都可以考 2 内容包罗万象 天文地理 历史人文 科技发展 旅游广告等有可能考到 短文填空要求学生在读通 读懂的基础上 填出符合短文内容和语法规则的词或词组 凡是课文中学到的词汇和语法都是考试的范围 各种介词 副词和习惯用法也会经常考到 尤其对于长句子 特别要注意其结构 要精确地分析句子成分 在做短文填空时 要养成快速阅读全文的习惯 句子读得越快越长 理解的精度就越高 二 短文填空解题思路1 跳过空格 通读短文 了解大意 解题时先跳过空格 通读完形填空的短文 了解全篇的内容和要旨 要重视首句 善于以首句的时态 语气为立足点 理清文脉 推测全文时态 主题及大意 2 复读短文 确定语义 判断词形 把握短文大意后再认真复读短文 利用上下文的语境 结合所学过的知识 先确定空格处所需词语的意义 再根据空格在句子中的位置 判断其在句中充当的成分 从而确定所填词的词性 再依据词语搭配和语法规则 判断所填的词的正确形式 3 三读短文 上下参照 验证答案 在短文的空白处分别填上一个词后 将完成的短文再细读一遍 上下参照 连贯思考 可从上 下文内容是否协调一致 顺理成章 语法结构是否正确无误等进行综合验证 凡有疑问必须重新推敲考虑 三 做短文填空题的注意之处1 语义完整 适用是做好填词的前提 要从全文的内容出发 前后上下联系起来考虑 避免 只见树木 不见森林 的错误 2 要善于从文中同样结构或类似结构中寻找线索 从中得到提示和启发 帮助确定应填词的词性和词形 这样可避免想当然地随意乱填 3 填词时应注意词形 不可简单地都填原形词 若空格内填的是名词 要考虑其单复数形式 若填的是形容词或副词 则要考虑其是否属于比较等级 如若填的是动词 则要特别注意考虑其时态和语态 如在句首 还要考虑其首字母的大写 4 有些空格需要填入介词 连词等 除考虑上下文的内容外 还要考虑和其他词的固定搭配及其习惯用法 ExerciseOne Abarber 理发师 wasworkingwhenamancameinwithaboyafterhim Thebarberwasaskedtogivehimashave 刮脸 andthe1 ahaircut 理发 2 themanhadhisshave he3 thebarberthathewouldliketogodownthestreetforadrinkwhenthebarbercuttheboy s4 Themanalsopromisedthathewouldbeback5 It6 thebarberlongtogivetheboyahaircut Anotherhalfanhour7 andtheboywasstillwaiting Intheend thebarberaskedtheboy8 hisfatherwasawaysolong Theboytoldthebarberthatthemanwasnothis9 atall Hesaidhemethiminthestreetandwasaskedifhewouldliketohaveahaircut He10 andfollowedthemanhereforahaircut hair soon passed why father agreed After told boy took ExerciseTwo Everydaysomepeoplearekilledwhiletheyarecrossingtheroad Mostofthemareoldpeopleand1 Oldpeopleareoftenkilled2 theycan tseeorhearverywell Childrenareoftenkilledbecausetheyarenot3 enough Theyforgettolookandlistenbeforethey4 theroad Acarorabuscan tstopquickly Ifitisgoingvery5 itwilltravelmanymetres6 itstops Somepeopledon talwaysunderstandthis They7 acarcanstopinafewmetres Itisdifficultto8 howfastacarismoving Theonlywaytocrosstheroadssafelyistolook9 ways rightandleft Theniftheroadsareempty you10 cross because children fast think careful cross before know both can ExerciseThree Manyyearsago anEnglishfamilylivedinChina Oneevening animportantChineseofficercameto1 them Itgotlaterandlater andhe2 didn tgo thehostesshadtoinvitehimtohave3 withthem Butshehadverylittle4 inthehouse soshewenttothekitchenandspoketoherChinesecook Thecooksaid Itisallright Youwillhaveaverygooddinner Aftertheyallsatdowntoeat theladywasvery5 becausetherewaslotsofgoodfoodonthe6 Aftertheofficer7 thehostessrantothekitchenandaskedthecook 8 didyoumakesuchagoodmealinhalfanhour I9 makeit madam hesaid Iaskedoneoftheservants 仆人 togototheChineseofficer shouse andhe10 backtheChineseofficer sdinner visit left How didn t brought still dinner food surprised table ExerciseFour Lighttravelsataspeed 速度 of300 000kilometersinasecond It saboutamilliontimes1 thanthatofsound forsoundtravelsonly3402 inasecond Youcanunderstandthisbigdifference3 watchingthestartofarunningmatch Ifyoustandfaraway4 thestarter 发令员 youcan5 thesmokecomingfromhisgunbeforethesoundreachesyour6 Thefastspeedoflightproducessomestrangefacts Theneareststarissofarawayfromtheearththatthelightfromit7 fouryearstoreachus Thelightfromsomeotherstarsbegantotraveltotheearthevenbeforeyouwereborn So ifyouwanttobehonest 诚实 you8 say Thestarsareshiningbrightlytonight Youhavetosay Thestarslooknice Theywereshiningmanyyears9 buttheirlighthasjust10 ourplanet faster meters by ears from see reached can t ago takes ExerciseFive MrBrownhadanumbrellashopinasmalltown Peopleusually1 newumbrellashere andsometimestheybroughthim2 brokenumbrellas ThenMrBrowntookthemtomendinabigshopinLondon Oneday MrBrownwenttoLondonbytrain He3 totakeanumbrellawithhimthatday Anoldmanwassittingnexttohimwithanumbrellastandingbytheseat WhenthetrainarrivedinLondon Mr Brown4 uptheumbrellaasheoftendidduringhisjourneybytrain Justashewasgetting5 theoldman6 himandsaidangrily That smyumbrella notyours Mr Brown sface7 redandhegavetheumbrellabacktothemanatonce WhenMrBrowngottothebigshop theshopkeeperhadgothissixumbrellasready Afteragoodlookateachofthem hesaidtotheshopkeeper You ve8 themverywell Intheafternoon MrBrowntookthetrainhome9 theumbrellas Tohis10 theoldmanwassittingnexttohimagain HelookedatMrBrownandthesixumbrellas You vehadaluckyday hesaid bought their picked off stopped forgot turned mended surprise with ExerciseSix Herearesomeoldwaystosendmessagesinthepast AnEgyptian 埃及人 puthiseartotheground He1 thehorsescomingthisway Thenheranto2 hispeople Hewasaguard Thatwasoneway3 Egyptianstosendmessages Peopleinothercountriessentmessages too 4 enemiescame oneman5 hisdrum Inthenextvillage peopleheardthedrumandbeattheirdrums too Themessageswent6 villagetovillagebydrum Muchmore somearmies 军队 keptmanypigeons 鸽子 Thesepigeonsalways7 back Whenasoldierwassentfarawayfromhisownarmyhemighttakeapigeonalong Hecouldtieamessagetothebird s8 Itwouldflyback9 thesoldier smessage Thesearetheoldwaystosendmessages Canyouthinkof10 ways When from leg for beat heard told flew with other more ExerciseSeven ThomasEdisonwasagreatAmericaninventors Whenhewasachild hewasalways1 questionsandtryingoutnewideas Nomatter 无论 howharditwas he2 gaveup YoungTomwasinschool3 onlythreemonths Histeacherdidn tunderstand4 hehadsomanystrangequestions Andmostofthequestionswerenotabouthislessons Theteacherdidn twantto5 Tomanymore HeaskedTom smothertotaketheboyhome Tom smothertaughthimtoreadandwrite andshefound6 tobeaverygoodpupil Helearntveryfastandbecamevery7 inscience Oneday Tom8 alittleboyplayingontherailwaytracksatastation Atrainwascomingnearquickly andtheboywastoo9 tomove Tomrushedoutandcarriedtheboytosafety Theboy sfatherwassothankfulthathetaughtTomto10 messagesbytelegraph ThathelpedTomwalkintothemagicworldofscience never for why teach him send frightened asking interested saw