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Unit 19 Language(一)课前自主学习.阅读单词知其意1explicit adj.明确的；清楚的2transparent adj. 清晰易辨的；透明的3ambiguous adj. 模棱两可的4certificate n纵联1 证书；证明5petence n. 纵联1 能力6diploma n. 毕业证书7stewardess n. 纵联2 女乘务员8steward n纵联2 男乘务员9amateur adj. 业余的.重点单词写其形1nationwide adv. 全国性地2thankful adj. 高兴的；感谢的3attain vt. 达到；获得4ensure vt. 纵联3 保证，确保5accelerate vt.&vi. 加速6enlarge vt. 扩大7guarantee vt. 保证8inform vt. 告知；通知9resemble vt. 像；与相似10merely adv. 只；仅仅11purchase vt. 纵联4 购买12fasten vt. 束紧13sincerely adv. 真诚地14register vt. 登记15adequate adj. 足够的，充分的16punctual adj. 纵联1 准时的；守时的17theory n. 理论；学说18regulation n. 规则.拓展单词通其变1accuracy n精确度，准确度accurate adj.精确的，准确的accurately adv.精确地2absence n不存在；缺乏；缺席absent adj.缺席的，不在场的3acquisition n(语言)习得acquire v获取，得到4surround vt.环绕，围绕surrounding adj.周围的surroundings n环境5adjust vt.调节；调整adjustment n调节；调整6congratulate vt.祝贺congratulation n祝贺7negotiate vt.谈判；协商negotiation n谈判；协商8offence n冒犯；得罪offend v冒犯9approval n赞成；赞许；批准approve vt.赞成10applicant n申请人apply vi.申请application n申请书11embarrass vt.使窘迫embarrassing adj.令人难堪的，令人窘迫的embarrassed adj.窘迫的embarrassment n窘迫，难堪12fluency n流利度，流畅度fluent adj.流利的，流畅的fluently adv.流利地纵联1.想要一份工作需要什么？certificate证书；证明 petence能力diploma毕业证书 resume简历application申请书 interview面试punctual准时的；守时的纵联2.“男女有别”后缀是关键 纵联3.前缀“en”/后缀“en”动词知多少enrich使充实 enable使能够enlarge扩大 ensure确保，担保endanger使遭遇危险 entitle给命题enforce执行，实施 fasten束紧widen加宽 broaden扩大纵联4.与“购物”相关的名词一览discount折扣 customer顾客consumer消费者 purchase购买bargain便宜货 cashier出纳员refund退款单元话题语言学习子话题1语言学习的要点pronounce vt.发音 vocabulary n词汇phrase n短语，词组 expression n词语，措辞idiom n成语，习语 grammar n语法sentence n句子 spell vt.拼写子话题2语言学习的方法recite vt.背诵 retell vt.复述preview vt.预习 review vt.复习practise vt.& vi.练习 drill n& vi. 训练，操练refer to/consult a dictionary查字典子话题3语言的分类dialect n方言，土话 written English书面英语official language官方语言 spoken English英语口语学考对接活学活用高考采撷(一)阅读中的词汇应用1(2018全国卷完形)In order to pass the class, among other criteria, we had to write a paper on how we plan to apply what we would learn in class to our future professions and, eventually, to our lives. I managed to get an A in that course and learned life lessons that have served me well beyond the classroom.写出加黑词在本单元的同根名词：applicant写出加黑单词的形容词：professional，写出其形容词在本单元的反义词：amateur写出加黑词在本单元的同义词：attain2(2015天津高考阅读D)Boldness a willingness to extend yourself to the extreme is not one that can be acquired overnight. But it can be taught to children and developed in adults. Confidence builds up. Surely, there will be setbacks (挫折) and disappointments in life; boldness in itself is no guarantee of success. But the person who tries to do something and fails is a lot better off than the person who tries to do nothing and succeeds.So, always try to live a little bit beyond your abilities and youll find your abilities are greater than you ever dreamed.写出加黑词在本单元的同根名词：acquisition选择加黑词的词义：A.保证书B保证C抵押品_B_，用guarantee作动词改写加黑词所在分句：boldness_in_itself_cant_guarantee_success写出加黑词在本单元的同义词：petence，加黑词所在短语beyond your ability意为超出你的能力3(2015北京高考阅读C)Larger transparent animals have the biggest challenge, because they have to make all the different tissues in their bodies slow down light exactly as much as water does.They need to look uniform.But how theyre doing it is still unknown. One thing is clear： for these larger animals, staying transparent is an active process.When they die, they turn a nontransparent milky white.写出加黑词在本单元的近义词：explicit写出加黑词在本单元的同根动词：enlarge，该动词的前缀为en，以en为前缀的常见动词还有enrich,_enable,_encourage等写出加黑词在本单元的反义词：transparent高考采撷(二)写作中的词汇应用(根据汉语及提示词翻译句子)1(2018浙江高考书面表达)我学习英语已经10年了，我能说一口流利的英语，因此我能保证在向学生介绍中国的时候没有困难。(fluency, ensure)Ive_learned_English_for_10_years,_and_I_can_speak_English_with_fluency,_so_I_can_ensure_that_I_have_no_trouble_introducing_China_to_students.2(2016全国卷书面表达)我已经写好简历，但是由于是第一次作为申请人写申请书，所以我给你写信是希望你能给予我一些帮助。如果那样的话我将不胜感激。(applicant, thankful)I_have_already_finished_my_resume.But_this_is_the_first_time_that_I_have_written_an_application_as_an_applicant,_so_Im_writing_to_you,_hoping_you_can_give_me_some_help.I_will_be_very_thankful_if_you_can_do_me_the_favor.3(2015江苏高考书面表达)事实上，交通规则是规章制度的一部分，与公众秩序紧密相关。如果没有它们，人们不可能享受到和谐，或者整个国家也会处于混乱中。但只有规则是不能保证一个有序的社会，只有人们服从规则才会变的重要。(regulation, guarantee)In_fact,_traffic_rules_are_part_of_the_rules_and_regulations_closely_related_to_public_order._Without_them,_people_could_not_enjoy_harmony_or_the_country_would_be_in_chaos._But_rules_alone_dont_guarantee_an_orderly_society._It_is_the_people_who_obey_the_rules_that_matter. (二)课堂重点释疑1absence n不在，缺席；缺乏，没有记牢(1)absence from .缺席；离开absence of mind 心不在焉in ones absence in the absence of sb. 在某人不在的时候(2)absent adj. 缺席的；茫然的absentminded adj. 心不在焉的be absent from 缺席；不存在；缺少练通单句语法填空The little girl often takes the responsibility to look after her young brother in the absence of her parents.It is because of a long absence (absent) from school that I am a bit behind the other classmates.Hopefully，the robot like human beings will help some children feel less lonely while they are absent from class.句型转换Her absence from the meeting caused lots of doubts.That she was absent from the meeting caused lots of doubts.He acted as chairman in my absence.He acted as chairman in the absence of me.完成句子The mistake was made due to his absence_of_mind.他因心不在焉才犯了这个错误。While doing a WatchedPot Wait, we tend to get absentminded.当我们在WatchedPot Wait的时候，往往会心不在焉。写美(2014北京高考书面表达)我很遗憾地告诉你，因为我左脚受伤我可能缺席。Im_sorry_to_tell_you_that_I_can_be_absent_from_it,_because_my_left_foot_was_injured.2surround vt.环绕，围绕；包围记牢(1)surround sb./sth.with sb./sth.用某人/某物包围某人/某物be surrounded by/with sb./sth. 被某人/某物包围(2)surrounding adj. 周围的，附近的surroundings n. 周围的事物；环境；气氛练通单句语法填空The experiment is carried out to prove the earth is surrounded by/with a layer of air called the atmosphere.When I headed toward the centre, I found myself surrounded (surround) by buildings that mirror the best palaces of Europe.Only if we take good care of the surrounding trees and rivers can we live in more fortable and beautiful surroundings.(surround)I came to realize that the key to success lay in trying to surround myself with creative people.用准surroundings 意为“周围的事物；环境；气氛”时为复数形式。写美(2018全国卷书面表达)令我非常高兴的是，一个漂亮的新体育场建成了，周围环境优美。To_my_great_joy,_a_wonderful_new_gymnasium_has_been_built_up_with_beautiful_surroundings_around_it.3inform vt.告知；通知记牢(1)inform sb.of/about sth. 通知某人某事inform sb.that . 告知某人(2)informed adj. 了解情况的；消息灵通的keep sb.informed of sth. 使某人知道某事(3)information nU 信息练通单句语法填空The Internet keeps us informed (inform) of what is going on around us at any time.The main thing is to inform the public about/of it so that people learn what is needed to be done.In fact, the aim of reading is to express the information (inform) you have got from the text.完成句子A month ago, our_teacher_informed_us_that we would take the test on April 12th.一个月前，老师通知我们4月12日考试。We try and keep_ourselves_informed_of current trends.我们设法随时了解形势的发展。写美My cousin informed me of his return this Saturday morning and asked me to pick him up at the airport with his family.(用复合句和现在分词短语作状语改写句子)My_cousin_informed_me_that_he_would_return_this_Saturday_morning,_asking_me_to_pick_him_up_at_the_airport_with_his_family.4purchase vt.购买n.购买；购买力记牢(1)purchase sth.from sb.从某人那里买到某物(2)make a purchase 购买on special purchase 特价出售练通完成句子Many mercial websites have a red “Buy Now” button to encourage people to make_a_purchase.为了鼓励人们购买，许多商业网站都有一个红色的“现在就买”的按钮。The equipment can_be_purchased_from your local supplier. 这种设备可以从您当地的供应商那里购买。These goods are on_special_purchase,_so the sooner the better.这些商品在特价销售，所以越快购买越好。用准make a purchase意为“购买”时，purchase为可数名词，所以要加冠词a。写美(2018江苏高考书面表达)无论我在网上购买什么商品，我都倾向于参考消费评级。I_tend_to_consult_consumption_ratings_whatever_I_purchase_on_the_Internet.5embarrass vt.使窘迫，使尴尬；使为难记牢(1)It embarrasses/embarrassed sb.to do sth.做某事使某人窘迫(2)embarrassed adj. 难堪的，尴尬的be embarrassed at/about 对感到为难/尴尬embarrassing adj. 令人困窘的(3)embarrassment n. 困窘，难堪to ones embarrassment 令某人感到困窘的是练通单句语法填空One day, this approach threw me into embarrassment (embarrass)The more embarrassing (embarrass) or shameful the secret is, the juicier the gossip it makes.He was embarrassed at/about being the centre of attention.He told a rather rude joke, and everyone present looked embarrassed (embarrass)完成句子It_embarrassed_me_to_meet the young man again, for I had misunderstood him.再次见到这个年轻人让我感到尴尬，因为我误会过他。Much_to_her_embarrassment,_she realized that everyone was staring at her.令她感到非常困窘的是，她意识到大家都在盯着她看。写美She felt embarrassed by so much praise and rose from her seat and left quietly.(用过去分词短语作状语)Embarrassed_by_so_much_praise,_she_rose_from_her_seat_and_left_quietly.6resemble vt.像；与相似记牢(1)resemble sb./sth. in . 在方面与某人/物相似 (2)resemblance n. 相似练通完成句子She resembles her mother in_character but not in_appearance.她性格像她母亲，但样貌不像。The_resemblance_between_the_two_signatures was remarkable.两个签名的相似之处非常明显。用准resemble不能用于进行时，也没有被动语态。写美Looking at the photos that you have posted me, I am amazed that how closely you are similar to a famous star in appearance.(用resemble改写)Looking_at_the_photos_that_you_have_posted_me,_I_am_amazed_that_how_closely_you_resemble_a_famous_star_in_appearance.7adequate adj.足够的，充分的；胜任的记牢be adequate for 足够，对来说是足够的be adequate to (do) sth. 胜任(做)某事；足够(做)某事练通单句语法填空A bit too old as he is, he is still adequate to the work.The information available on the Internet is adequate for our needs.Is your salary adequate to_support (support) your family？写美(2018全国卷书面表达)因此，你可以和朋友的家人一起准备晚餐你不需要做任何事情，和他们在一起就足够了。Thus,_you_can_join_your_friends_families_to_prepare_the_dinner_you_neednt_do_anything,_and_just_being_with_them_is_fair_adequate.8negotiate vt.谈判；协商记牢(1)negotiate with sb.about/for sth.与某人商谈某事(2)negotiation n. 谈判；磋商，洽谈under negotiation 在商谈中练通单句语法填空/句型转换We have been negotiating with the manager for/about improving the salary.We are satisfied with the smoothness of the negotiation (negotiate)He asked me to tell you that the contract was still being negotiated.He asked me to tell you that the contract was under negotiation.写美(2017北京高考书面表达)如果你是外国游客，那就和导游商量一下你在景区的住宿。If_youre_a_foreign_tourist,_you_will_negotiate_with_the_guide_about_your_acmodations_in_the_scenic_spot.9guarantee vt.保证；担保n.保证；保证书；抵押品记牢(1)保证某人得到某物guarantee to do sth. 保证做某事be guaranteed to do sth. 必定做某事(2)under guarantee 在保修期内give sb.a guarantee (that .) 向某人保证()练通单句语法填空I guarantee to_finish (finish) off my paper on time, no matter what happens.This kind of behaviour is guaranteed to_make (make) him angry.The car is still under guarantee, so you should be able to get it repaired free of charge.完成句子Temporary extension of two years will guarantee_scientists_enough_time/guarantee_enough_time_to_scientists.临时延长两年将保证科学家有足够的时间。Can you give_me_a_guarantee_that the work will be finished on time?你能向我保证工作会按时完成吗？用准如果表示“保证某人做某事”，guarantee不能用于guarantee sb. to do .，只能用于guarantee to do .或guarantee that .。写美(2018北京高考书面表达)首先，我要对你表示最热烈的欢迎，我保证你在北京的大学期间会有最难忘的经历。Firstly,_I_would_like_to_express_my_warmest_wele_to_you_and_I_guarantee_that_you_will_have_the_most_unforgettable_experience_during_your_college_in_Beijing.10adjust vt.调节；调整；整理vi.适应辨清写出下列句中adjust的含义The body can adjust itself to the change of temperature. 调节Watch out for sharp bends and adjust your speed accordingly. 调整Once youve adjusted to your new independence you may find you can go further. 适应记牢(1)adjust to 适应于adjust sth. to sth. 调整以适应adjust to (doing) sth. 适应于(做)某事adjust oneself to . 使自己适应于(2)adjustment n. 调整，调节；适应make an adjustment/adjustments to . 对作出调整(3)adjustable adj. 可调节的，可调整的练通单句语法填空If you adjust to someone, the person will begin to feel that you are with him on the same wave.With the continuous changes of job market, I made adjustments (adjust) to my job expectations time and again.You should adjust your language to the age of your audience.A chair with adjustable (adjust) height is beneficial to your health.完成句子In the new term, most students adjusted_themselves_to_their_new_environment very quickly.在新学期，大多数学生很快使自己适应了他们的新环境。I heard that the pany would make_an_adjustment_to_your_salary.我听说公司将对你的薪金作出调整。用准在adjust to .中，to为介词，后面要跟名词、代词或动名词。写美(2014天津高考书面表达)然而，虽然天气、食物与你以往有所不同，我相信你会很快适应的。However,_I_think_that_you_will_quickly_adjust_to_the_weather_and_the_food_although_they_are_different_from_yours.11congratulate vt.祝贺；庆贺；恭喜记牢(1)congratulate sb. on就向某人祝贺 congratulate oneself on (doing) sth.感到自豪；暗自庆幸；为自己高兴(2)congratulation n. 祝贺；恭喜offer/send ones congratulations to sb.(on sth.) (为某事)向某人表示祝贺练通单句语法填空The manager congratulated the employees on their great efforts.I want to express my sincere congratulations (congratulate) on your success.完成句子/一句多译我由衷地为自己有这么知识渊博的父母而感到高兴。I heartily congratulate_myself_on having such profound parents.我们祝贺你们通过了高考。We congratulate_you_on_your_passing the College Entrance Examination.(congratulate)We offer_our_congratulations_to_you_on_your_passing the College Entrance Examination.(congratulation)用准congratulate“祝贺；道贺”，只能用人作宾语，若要表明所祝贺的事情，后面要用on/upon连接，构成congratulate sb. on/upon sth.celebrate举行仪式、典礼的“庆祝”，只能用事(节日、胜利、成功等)作宾语写美(2017天津高考书面表达)我为自己成为8月底在天津举办的第13届全运会志愿者而感到自豪。I_congratulate_myself_on_being_a_volunteer_of_the_13th_National_Games_held_in_Tianjin_at_the_end_of_August.词汇过关综合训练.单词拼写1If you witness the accident, please inform (通知) the police.2His prehensive surveys have provided the most explicit (清楚的) statements.3Exposure to the sun can accelerate (加快) the ageing process.4He was absent (缺席的) from the party yesterday because of his sudden heart disease.5Police will have the pictures enlarged (扩大) in an attempt to identify the thief.6After discussing it with my teacher, I made a few adjustments (调整) to my original design.7They agreed to go merely (仅仅) because they were getting paid for it.8The couple was very thankful (感谢的) and praised him for his honesty.9I appreciate your hard work, but I can not give you a guarantee (保证) that you will surely get promoted.10An evening party was held to congratulate (祝贺) my classmate on his winning the English contest.单句语法填空1Was your knowledge of the languages adequate for the job?2Its difficult to tell the plant from others because it resembles grass in appearance.3We must think twice before we decide to make a purchase on the Internet.4We negotiated with the school administration about the tuition increase.5The whole family congratulated Jack on being admitted to the key university.6The cell phone will be repaired free when it is under guarantee without human damage.7Surrounded (surround) by a lake, the building looks very beautiful under the lights at night.8If she wants to settle in an Englishspeaking country, she must adjust herself (her) to English life.9As a monitor, I would keep you informed (inform) of what happened in the classroom every day.10It is rather embarrassing (embarrass) that we still do not know how many species there are in the world today.单句改错1Our coach is negotiating to the headmaster for the use of their gym. towith2The boy is poor, to whom love was totally absent of his childhood. offrom3She was always calm and never seemed embarrassing. embarrassingembarrassed4You must measure the length accurate in order to get the number. accurateaccurately5It keeps us informing of what has happened both national and international news. informinginformed.完成句子1The trade agreement is still under_negotiation among members of WTO.世贸组织的成员国之间正在讨论这个商业协定。2The manager required that he (should)_be_informed_of_the_latest_developments.经理要求把最新的进展情况通知他。3It made his boss angry that he_was_absent_from_the_meeting so many times.他多次缺席会议使他的老板很生气。4We offered/sent_our_congratulations_to_him_on his success in business.我们祝贺他生意兴隆。5Much_to_her_embarrassment,_all of her friends refused to go to her birthday party.令她非常尴尬的是，她所有的朋友都拒绝参加她的生日聚会。(一)课前自主学习1keep_in_mind 串记1记住2be_aware_of 意识到，觉察到，明白3rely_on 依靠；依赖4adjust_.to_. 调整以适应5on_purpose串记2 故意地6regardless_of 不管；不顾7on_the_other_hand 另一方面8get_ahead 取得成功；获得进步9take_the_form_of 以的形式出现(存在)10inform_sb._of_sth. 通知某人某事11consist_of 串记3 由组成/构成12catch_on 学会；受欢迎13congratulate_sb._on_sth. 就某事向某人祝贺14I_bet 我肯定15more_than串记4 不仅仅；超过16stand_out 出色；突出同根短语串记串记1.mind短语个个清make up ones mind 下决心 bear/keep in mind 记住change ones mind 改变主意e to mind 突然记起或想到串记2.“故意地”相关词汇知多少purposely adv. 故意地，蓄意地deliberately adv. 有意地，故意地intentionally adv. 故意地，有意地by design 故意地，有意地on purpose 有目的地，有意地串记3.盘点“组成”短语consist of make upbe made up of be posed of串记4.与than有关的短语more than 超过；不止；不仅仅是no more than 仅仅；只不过not more than 至多；不超过other than 除了rather than 不愿；而不是more .than . 比更less than 少于1jump for joy 欢呼雀跃2be in a state of unrest 处于不安的状态3the school curriculum 学校课程4outside of the classroom 课外5an Englishspeaking country 一个讲英语的国家6make a circle with his fingers 用他的手指做一个圈7a native language environment 本地语言环境8share a mon spoken language 分享共同的语言9speak English as a second language 把英语作为第二语言1It_was_predicted as early as the 1700s that English would one day be the global language and that has proved to be the case in the last few decades. 早在18世纪人们就预测，有一天英语将成为全球性语言，并且在过去的几十年中它已得到了证明。2Quality input ensures quality output, whether it is speaking or writing.不管是说还是写，高质量的输入确保高质量的输出。3Thirdly, you say that there is a discount provided_that I pay in advance.第三，你们说我只要预付款就有折扣。学考对接活学活用高考采撷(一)阅读中的词块与句式1(2018天津高考完形)Thinking hard about it, I came to realize that my team might not be the number one team in Georgia, but they were depending on me. I had to change my attitude about their ability and potential.(用本单元短语替换加黑词汇)relying_on2(2018北京高考阅读A)When I started running in my 30s, I realized running was a battle against myself, not about petition or whether or not I was athletic.(用本单元短语升级加黑词汇)was_aware_of高考采撷(二)写作中的词块与句式(根据汉语及提示翻译句子)1(2018天津高考书面表达)如果您能在收到培训计划后在邮件中提出您的宝贵建议，我们也非常高兴。(provided that引导条件状语从句)We_are_also_very_pleased_provided_that_you_can_give_your_valuable_advice_when_you_receive_the_training_program_in_your_email.2(2014湖南高考书面表达)我设计的是钢笔。一方面，它很容易携带。另一方面，它不仅用于写作，也用于其他重要方面。(on the other hand)I_design_my_pen.On_the_one_hand,_its_easy_to_carry.On_the_other_hand,_its_used_not_only_for_writing_but_also_for_other_important_aspects. (二)课堂重点释疑 短语集释1catch on学会；受欢迎，流行起来；(与to连用)理解；被接受辨清写出下列句中catch on的含义He is very quick to catch on to things. 理解If only this idea could catch on, we should be able to make quite a lot of money out of it.被
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