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专题10 特殊句式The little boy came riding full speed down the motorway on his bicycle. _ dangerous a scene it was! （单句语法填空）【错因分析】混淆what引导的感叹句和how引导的感叹句。【参考答案】How用来表示说话人强烈的喜、怒、哀、乐等感情的句子，叫感叹句。感叹句由what或how引导，具体用法如下表：类别结构例句what引导What + a/an + 形容词 + 单数可数名词（+ 主语 + 谓语）!What a kind girl (she is)! （她是）一个多么善良的女孩啊！What + 形容词 + 复数可数名词/不可数名词（+ 主语 + 谓语）!What beautiful flowers (they are)! 多么漂亮的花！What bad weather (it is)! 多么糟糕的天气！how引导How + 主语 + 谓语!How time flies! 时间飞逝！How + 形容词/副词（+ 主语 + 谓语）!How brave (the hero is)!（这个英雄）真勇敢！How slowly he walks! 他走得多慢啊！How + 形容词 + a/an + 单数可数名词（+ 主语 + 谓语）!How clever (a boy he is)! （他是）一个多么聪明的男孩啊！感叹句记忆口诀感叹句，并不难，what与how应在前。形容词、副词跟着how，what后面名词连。名词若是可数单，前带冠词a或an。主语、谓语放后面，省略它们也常见1. _ exciting news! Weve never had _ long vacation before. A. What; such aB. What an; such aC. How; such aD. What; so【答案】A2. Look! _ clean the classroom looks! Yes. Im sure somebody _ it up. A. What; has cleanedB. How; has cleanedC. What; cleanedD. How; cleaned【答案】B【解析】句意：看！教室看起来多么干净啊！是啊。我确定有人已经打扫了。前一句修饰形容词clean，应用how，排除A、C两项；有人打扫才会干净，侧重对现在造成的影响，用现在完成时，故选B。It could be anything gardening, cooking, music, sports but whatever it is, _ (make) sure its a relief from daily stress rather than another thing to worry about.【参考答案】make祈使句的基本用法祈使句是用来表示命令、请求、建议或劝告等的句子。常省略主语，谓语动词用原形。1. 肯定的祈使句句型：动词原形其他成分。Be careful!小心！Do祈使句表示一种强烈的感情或请求，do起强调作用。please用在祈使句中可以表示一种客气的语气，但please用在句末时，必须用逗号与其余部分隔开。Close the door, please. 请关门。2. 否定的祈使句常用句型：Dont动词原形其他成分。Dont be late for school again! 别再迟到了！用Never开头：Never动词原形其他成分。Never leave todays work for tomorrow! 不要把今天的工作留到明天！3. Let引导的祈使句以Let开头的句子也是祈使句，表示陈述和建议。其否定形式有两种：Let.not或Dont. Let us not be late. 让我们不要迟到。Dont let the boy play football in the street. 不要让这个男孩在街上踢足球。祈使句与简单句、复合句之间的转换1. Lets + 动词原形 + 其他可转换为Shall we + 动词原形 + 其他? 。Lets go fishing this afternoon. =Shall we go fishing this afternoon? 2. 祈使句 + and/or + 简单句可转换为含if引导的条件状语从句的复合句。Use your head, and youll find a way. =If you use your head, youll find a way. Hurry up, or well be late. =If we dont hurry up, well be late. 祈使句的应答语1. 以Lets开头的祈使句，其答语常用Good idea. /OK. /Yes, Id love to.等。Lets go to the park. 让我们去公园吧。Good idea. 好主意。2. 其他肯定祈使句的应答语为Yes, I will.；否定祈使句的应答语为Sorry/No, I wont(do it again).。Its going to rain. Remember to take an umbrella with you. 就要下雨了。记着带上雨伞。Thanks, I will. 谢谢，我会的。Dont play with my cat. 不要和我的猫玩。Sorry, I wont do it again. 对不起，我将不再那样做了。1.【2018北京卷单项填空】In any unsafe situation, simply _ the button and a highly-trained agent will get you the help you need.A. press B. to press C. pressing D. pressed【答案】A【解析】考查祈使句。句意：在任何不安全的情况下，仅仅摁一下这个按钮，一个训练有素的特工就会使你得到你需要的帮助。and是连词，连接并列结构，and后面是一个句子，那么，前面也应是句子，选项中只有动词原形可以构成祈使句，其余的都是非谓语动词，无法构成句子。故A选项正确。2. Mark, please dont play basketball on the road. Its very dangerous._. I am going home at once.A. Have a great timeB. Sorry, I wont do thatC. Id like toD. OK, with pleasure【答案】B【解析】对今后不要做某事的命令或请求表示接受时，回答要用否定的将来时。3. _ buy your ticket from a ticket machine. There are lots of people there. A. NotB. Not tooC. DontD. Dont to【答案】C【解析】祈使句的否定形式是在句子前面加dont，故选C。4. Look at the sign; what does it mean?It means_.A. Dont talkingB. No talkingC. Not talk【解析】表示不要说话可以使用Dont talk. 或No talking. 两种形式，因此选B项。【答案】B5. _ a dairy every day and youll improve your writing.A. KeepingB. To keepC. KeepD. If you keep【答案】C6. Wish you good luck in the entrance exam. _. The same to you. A. Thank youB. See youC. Im sorry to hear that【答案】A【解析】对别人的美好祝愿应表示感谢。故选A。1. Only with the greatest luck she managed to escape from the rising flood water. （单句改错）【错因分析】only修饰的状语位于句首时，句子要用部分倒装。【试题解析】句意：只有拥有极好的运气，她才能从不断上涨的洪水中逃出来。only位于句首，后接状语时，句子要用部分倒装。【参考答案】she managed改为did she manage2. Jane wont join us for dinner tonight and neither is Tom. （单句改错）【错因分析】对neither+助动词+主语构成的部分倒装结构的用法掌握不牢。【参考答案】is Tom改为will Tom3. _（catch）the morning train, he would not have been late for the meeting.（单句语法填空）【错因分析】从句未使用部分倒装【试题解析】本题实际上是一个条件句的虚拟语气，表示与过去事实相反，从句中使用过去完成时，主句使用情态动词+have done；当条件句中的if省略的时候，要把had提到主语前，构成部分倒装。【参考答案】Had he caught倒装句的种类英语最基本的词序是主语在谓语动词的前面。如果将句子的主语和谓语完全颠倒过来，这称之为完全倒装。如果只将助动词或情态动词移至主语之前，谓语的其他部分仍保留在主语的后面，这叫做部分倒装。(1)完全倒装完全倒装是将谓语的全部放在主语之前，此结构通常只用于一般现在时和一般过去时两种。On her left sat her husband. 她左边坐着她丈夫。Here is the book you want. 你要的书在这儿。Down went the small boat. 小船沉下去了。(2)部分倒装部分倒装是指将谓语的一部分，如助动词或情态动词，移至主语之前。Only by working hard can one succeed. 只有努力才能成功。Never have I seen her before. 我以前没见过她。Well do I remember the day I joined the League. 入团的那一天，我记忆犹新。Little did I think that he could be back alive 我没有想到他竟能活着回来。倒装句的重点点击1. 常见部分倒装结构含有否定意义的否定词或半否定词包括短语(如never, neither, nor, little, seldom, rarely, hardly, scarcely, few, not, no, by no means, in no way, at no time等)放在句首时2. 常见完全倒装结构There be结构。另外，在此结构中可以用来代替be动词的动词有：exist, seem, happen, appear, live, rise, stand, remain等Neither/nor引导的句子用倒装语序，用于对前面所说的否定内容表示同样的看法。She wont go. Neither/Nor will I. 她不走，我也不。I cannot swim. Neither can he. 我不会游泳，他也不会。注意：如果前面所说的内容既有肯定又有否定，或前后的谓语动词形式不一致时，用It is the same with +主语结构或用So it is with +主语结构。He worked hard, but didnt pass the exam. So it was with his sister. 他很努力，但没有通过考试。他妹妹也是这样。(既有肯定又有否定)She is a teacher and she enjoys teaching. So it is with Mr Li. 她是老师，热爱教书。李先生也是这样。(谓语一个是系动词，一个是行为动词)其它形式的完全倒装Present at the meeting are some well-known scientists. 一些知名的科学家出席了会议。(形容词短语在句首)Such was the story he told me. 他给我讲的故事就是这样的。(代词在句首)First to unfold was the map of the world. 首先要打开的是世界地图。(不定式短语在句首)Gone are the days when he was looked down upon. 他被人看不起的日子一去不复返了。(过去分词在句首)Covering much of the earths surface is a blanket of water. 覆盖地球大部分表面的是水。(现在分词短语在句首)倒装句速记口诀副词开头要例装，人称代词则如常。only修饰副介状，位于句首半倒装。否定意义副连词，既不也不须倒装。表语前置主语长，衔接自然常倒装。such代词做表语，引起主谓要倒装。Not only开头句，前一分句须倒装。had，were，should虚拟句，省略if半倒装。1. I believe that when the power of love overes the love of power, _ then will there be peace in this world.【解析】考查only+状语+倒装句结构。句意：我相信，当爱的力量战胜了权势之争，只有那时这个世界上才会有和平。【答案】only2. Only after Mary read her essay the second time _ she notice the spelling mistake.【答案】did3. Never _ it realistic for Europe to lay too much hope on China since the debt problem will only be solved by European countries themselves.【解析】句意：对于欧洲而言从来没有把太多的希望放在中国，这是现实的，因为债务问题将只能由欧洲国家自己来解决。否定词never放在句首，后面使用倒装句。【答案】is4. Only after one has bee a parent _ he realize how great his parents are.【解析】句意：只有一个人为人父母后，他才知道他的父母多么的伟大。Only状语从句放在句首的时候，后面的句子用部分倒装，助动词/be动词/情态动词放在主语前面，所以答案为will。【答案】will5. He jumped at the opportunity when he saw the advertisement in a newspaper, because barely _ (can) he make ends meet.【解析】句意：因为入不敷出，当他在报纸上看到这则广告时抓住了机会。否定副词barely位于从句句首时句子要进行部分倒装，将助动词、情态动词或系动词be等置于主语前，再结合句意可知，答案为could。【答案】could6. Its not what you have in your life but _ you have in your life that matters.【解析】考查强调句型的用法。句意：重要的不是你在生活中拥有什么而是你拥有谁。题干中not what you have in your life but _ you have in your life是强调句中的被强调部分，根据前者的what，判断but后的从句中缺少have的宾语。【答案】who7. Who was it _ played a trick on the new English teacher?【解析】句意：是谁捉弄了新来的英语教师？考查强调句。Who was it that.?为强调主语的特殊疑问句形式，意为究竟是谁？。【答案】that8. It was what he meant rather than what he said _ annoyed me.【解析】句意：是他话里的意思而不是他说的话把我惹恼了。考查强调句。强调主语what he meant rather than what he said。【答案】that9. Was it at 11 oclock _ your father came back last night?Yes, he is always ing back so late.【答案】that10. What do you think it is _ has brought worldwide attention to China?Rapid and steady economic growth, of course.【解析】句意：你认为是什么使得全世界关注中国？当然是快速而稳定的经济增长。本句考查作宾语的强调句且强调句用于特殊疑问句中，被强调部分为what，故本空应填that。【答案】that11. So touching _ the song sound that I couldnt hold my tears back when I heard it for the first time. （单句语法填空）【解析】当so+形容词置于句首时，句子应用部分倒装；根据从句时态可知，应用一般过去时，故填助动词did。【答案】did1. It was when we were returning home _ I realized what a good feeling it was to have helped someone in trouble.【错因分析】考生容易忽视强调句型的考查点，从而填入其他连接词。【参考答案】that强调句的两种基本句型1. Itis/was被强调部分that原句的剩余部分被强调的部分可以是单词、短语，也可以是从句，但结构必须完整。被强调的成分可以是主语、宾语和状语，但不能是定语或谓语。表示强调的it在这种结构的句子中作主句的主语，it本身没有词义。一般讲，原句的谓语动词如果是现在或将来等各种时态，用It isthat；如果原句谓语动词是过去范畴的各种时态，则用It was that。如果强调的主语为人也可以用who代替that，强调的宾语为人也可以用who或whom代替that。2. 谓语动词的强调It is/ was that 结构不能强调谓语，如果需要强调谓语时，要用助动词do/does或did。有以下情况：(1)do用于强调肯定的祈使句以及实义动词为一般现在时的肯定句(主语是第三人称单数改用does)Do sit down.务必请坐。Do be careful when you cross the street. 过马路时，务必(千万)要小心啊！They do work hard at English. 他们对英语的学习确实很努力。He does send an email to me every day. 他确实每天都给我发电子邮件。(2)did用于对实义动词为一般过去时肯定句的强调He did do his homework yesterday. 昨天他确实做了家庭作业。强调句的重点点击1. 强调句的变式(一般疑问句形式，特殊疑问句形式和反意疑问句形式)句式基本特征：Is/Was it +被强调部分+ that；或情态动词+it+ be+被强调部分+ that句式基本特征：特殊疑问词+is/was it that? 或特殊疑问词+情态动词+it + be+被强调部分+ that句式基本特征：It is/was+被强调部分+that, isnt / wasnt it?2. 强调句型中的对等结构 在强调句型中，有时强调，not but/not/rather than 等连接的平行对等结构，此时既要注重对等结构，又要注意主谓一致，属于较复杂的句式。 句式特征为：It is/was notbutthat不是而是(that后的动词与but后的名词或代词保持一致) It is/wasthat not 是而不是 It is /was not that是而不是(that后的动词应与not前的名词或代词保持一致) It is/wasrather thanthat是而不是(that后的动词应与rather than前的名词或代词保持一致)1.【2018天津卷单项填空】It was only when the car pulled up in front of our house _we saw Lily in the passenger seat.A. which B. thatC. when D. where【答案】B2. It might have been John _ bought a present for Mary yesterday. A. that B. when C. what D. which【答案】A【解析】此句为强调句型，由于句中动词be采用了might have been这一复杂结构，所以许多同学们可能会看不出它是一个强调句型。3. It was evening _ we reached the little town of Winchester. A. that B. until C. since D. before【答案】D4. It is not who is right but what is right _ is of importance. A. which B. it C. that D. this【答案】C【解析】考查强调句型，that是强调句型的结构词，句意是重要的不是谁正确，而是什么是正确的。5. It _ we had stayed together for a couple of weeks _ I found we had a lot in mon. A. was until; when B. was until; thatC. wasnt until; when D. wasnt until; that【答案】D【解析】本题考查notuntil结构的强调句式。在notuntil结构中，如果对until及其后面的部分进行强调，要将not一词提前，形成It is/was not untilthat的结构注意尽管强调的是时间，但不可以用when。6. It was not until she got home _ Jennifer realized she had lost her keys. A. when B. that C. where D. before【答案】B【解析】考查强调句中对not until的强调，是否能辨析出引导词that.。7. _ the catastrophe happened that the local government realized the importance of substantial development. A. It was until B. Not untilC. Until D. It was not until【答案】D【解析】考查强调句中not until的用法.考查了It was not until the catastrophe happened that。8. Was it from the lake _ he often went fishing _ he saved the drowning girl? A. that; that B. where; whereC. where; that D. that; where【答案】C【解析】解答此题关键是能够对句型进行正确的分析和判断。本题题干为一个强调句式，it was +被强调部分+that/who，lake后面是个定语从句，由关系副词where引导，第二空才是强调句中的that。9. I really dont know _ I had my money stolen. A. when was it that B. that it was whenC. where it was that D. it was where that【答案】C10. If you have a job, _ yourself to it and finally youll succeed. A. do devote B. dont devoteC. devoting D. not devoting【答案】A【解析】此处应是祈使句，又有谓语动词的强调要借助助动词do，故选A。句意：如果你有了一份工作，付出努力去做它，最后你定能成功。1. Not until I returned I realize that a quiet town life was the best for me.【答案】did【解析】考查倒装句。句意：直到回来，我才发现安静的小镇生活对我才是最好的。not until放在句首，后面的主句要倒装。因为谓语动词为实义动词realize，故要用助动词did并提到主语前面。2. It took years of work (reduce) industrial pollution and clean the water.【答案】to reduce【解析】考查固定表达。句意：减少工业污染和净化污水需要多年的工作。这里是固定句式It takes (sb.)some time to do sth做某事花费(某人)多长时间，故要用动词不定式to reduce。3. It asks you to act like water: to be flexible as well strong.【答案】as【解析】考查固定表达。句意：它要求你表现的像水一样灵活又有力。as well as和一样。4. The (hard) you try to beat him, the more likely you will get hit.【答案】harder5. Go to the village and buy some salt, but pay a fair price for it: neither too much too little.【答案】nor【解析】考查固定表达。既不要太贵也不要太便宜。neither .nor既不也不。6. They will be as difficult and painful holding a hot potato.【答案】as【解析】考查固定表达。他们将和拿着热土豆一样痛苦和困难。此处是as形容词as表示的同级比较句型。7. He loved the 4th wife the most. He took great care of her and gave her nothing the best.【答案】but【解析】考查固定表达。他悉心照顾她，只给她最好的。nothing but只，仅仅。8. And Id like to know why Chinese people use chopsticks. not knives and forks, like Americans?【答案】Why【解析】考查固定表达。我想知道为什么中国人用筷子，为什么不像美国人一样用刀叉呢？固定表达why not.为什么不呢？9. So long as we have some, thats enough. And we can learn to spend money.【答案】how【解析】考查固定表达。我们能学会如何花钱。learn后面跟的是疑问词to do结构。10. Sometimes hunger hit me so severely I regarded dried sweet potato slices as delicious snack.【答案】that【解析】考查固定表达。有时候饥饿感是如此强烈以至于我都把土豆片当作美味的点心。此处是结果状语从句，so.that.结构。11. No. And thats not all. The bus was one hour late. Worse , it picked up passengers on the way to our destination.【答案】still【解析】考查固定表达。worse still更糟糕的是。12. Its unnecessary and its not important at all. We neednt care about it. It is ones inner beauty matters.【答案】that13. Yes, but it is not as easy you imagine.【答案】as【解析】考查固定表达。not as.as 与不一样。14. Chopsticks may be made of any of the following materials: bamboo, wood, gold, silver, ivory, or plastic, and they may be round or square.【答案】either【解析】考查固定表达。它们可能是圆形的也可能是方形的。either.or.或者或者。15. Radio has changed a lot since we were young. It used be the major source of fun for the family.【答案】to【解析】考查固定表达。used to do sth.过去常常做某事。收音机过去是家庭获得乐趣的主要方式，但现在已经不是了。16. Tom: Yes. I think the underground is the most convenient way to travel in London.Mary: I think , too.【答案】so【解析】考查固定表达。I think so, too.我也是这么想的。17. Smoking not only does harm to their health to others.【答案】but (also)【解析】考查固定表达。抽烟不仅对自己的健康也对别人的健康有害。not only.but (also).不仅，而且。18. Caroline: I think it was interesting. Joyce: do I. I hear Mike is likely to win all the prizes in the exams this year.【答案】So【解析】考查固定表达。So do I. 我也认为如此。19. To be honest, I really cant understand how people depend on that way to make friends. Its kind of risky.【答案】e【解析】考查固定表达。我不理解人们怎么依靠这种方式来交朋友。how e为什么，怎么会(那样)。20. As far as I (concern), my suggestion is that we should always have a notebook and a Chinese English dictionary within easy reach.【答案】am concerned【解析】考查固定表达。as far as . be concerned就而言，根据主谓一致的原则可知要用am concerned。21. The more he thought about it, the (angry) he became and soon he noticed the boy became angry too.【答案】angrier【解析】考查固定表达。他越想就越生气。the比较级主谓，the比较级主谓越越。22. We were told that our rooms hadnt been reserved for that week, for the week after.【答案】but【解析】考查固定表达。我们被告知那周的房间没有预定上，而是定了后一周的房间。not.but.不是而是。23. I can understand why I shouldnt pay too much, Father, but if I can pay less, not save a bit of money?【答案】why24. Although it costs more to produce a typical soccer ball, Jahnigen estimates the One World Futbol can last 30 years.【答案】than【解析】考查比较结构。虽然它的生产成本比一个典型的英式足球更贵。more.than.比更。25. Where did you e across our Chinese teacher? It was in the supermarket I purchased moon cakes.【答案】where【解析】句意：你是在哪里遇到我们语文老师的？就是在我买月饼的那家超市里。答语是强调句_
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