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Unit 1 A land of diversity.阅读理解A(2017浙江)Getting less sleep has bee a bad habit for most American kids.According to a new survey(调查) by the National Sleep Foundation,51% of kids aged 10 to 18 go to bed at 10 pm or later on school nights,even though they have to get up early.Last year the Foundation reported that nearly 60% of 7-to 12-year-olds said they felt tired during the day,and 15% said they had fallen asleep at school.How much sleep you need depends a lot on your age.Babies need a lot of rest:most of them sleep about 18 hours a day!Adults need about eight hours.For most school-age children,ten hours is ideal(理想的).But the new National Sleep Foundation survey found that 35% of 10-to 12-year-olds get only seven or eight hours.And guess what almost half of the surveyed kids said they do before bedtime?Watch TV.“More children are going to bed with TVs on,and there are more opportunities(机会) to stay awake,with more homework,the Internet and the phone,” says Dr.Mary Carskadon,a sleep researcher at Brown University Medical School.She says these activities at bedtime can get kids all excited and make it hard for them to calm down and sleep.Other experts say part of the problem is chemical.Changing levels of body chemicals called hormones not only make teenagers bodies develop adult characteristics,but also make it hard for teenagers to fall asleep before 11 pm.Because sleepiness is such a problem for teenagers,some school districts have decided to start high school classes later than they used to.Three years ago,schools in Edina,Minnesota,changed the start time from 7:25 am to 8:30 am.Students,parents and teachers are pleased with the results.【语篇导读】研究表明,大部分美国孩子已经形成了不良的睡眠习惯。他们入睡晚,睡眠不足。其原因是电视、手机、网络、作业等一些令他们兴奋的事情影响了他们,导致身体内激素水平的变化,进而使得他们入睡晚。对此,学校也采取了改变上学时间等措施来解决此类问题。1.What is the new National Sleep Foundation survey on?A.American kids sleeping habits.B.Teenagers sleep-related diseases.C.Activities to prevent sleeplessness.D.Learning problems and lack of sleep.答案A解析细节理解题。根据后文的介绍可知,美国“全国睡眠基金会”的调查针对的是美国10至18岁少年睡眠时间不足的情况及其影响,而不是疾病、失眠或学习问题。故选A项。2.How many hours of sleep do 11-year-olds need every day?A.7 hours.B.8 hours.C.10 hours.D.18 hours.答案C解析细节理解题。根据第二段中的“For most school-age children,ten hours is ideal.”可知,对于11岁的孩子来说,每天10小时的睡眠时间是最理想的,故C项正确。3.Why do teenagers go to sleep late according to Carskadon?A.They are affected by certain body chemicals.B.They tend to do things that excite them.C.They follow their parents examples.D.They dont need to go to school early.答案B解析细节理解题。根据第三段中的“.these activities at bedtime can get kids all excited and make it hard for them to calm down and sleep.”可知,孩子们不睡觉的原因是他们在睡前倾向于做一些令他们兴奋的事情,故B项是根本原因。本题易误选A项,而根据“Other experts say.”可知A项所表述的并非是Carskadon的观点,故排除A项。BThroughout the whole year,the 60 museums and theatres in Hannover,Germany,will feature one top event after another.It bears the title of UNESCO(United Nations Educational,Scientific and Cultural Organization)City of Music and takes its place in the international UNESCO network of Creative Cities.The range of musical education facilities(设施),the citys impressive achievements in the music and creative business,the wide range of performancesfrom pop,rock and jazz right through to ancient,classical and new musicand its many top-class choirs(合唱团) were all factors that convinced the UNESCO mittee in Paris.There is music in the air in Hannover all year round:the A cappella week(25 April-3 May) and the Masala World Beat Festival(17 June-28 June),for example,take their audiences on a pleasant trip.Every year on Ascension Day,Hannover is transformed into the capital of jazz when it attracts tens of thousands to listen to excellent jazz music from all over the globe.“Simply making music”is the motto of the global music festival“Fte de la Musique”.Like hundreds of other cities throughout the world,Hannover celebrates this major festival for tolerance(包容) and international understanding on 21 June every year.Terrific(极好的) bands will take the stage at the NDR Plaza Festival and the N-Joy Starshow(29 & 30 May).Music lovers can also look forward to the Fhrmannsfest(31 July-2 August).Every year,visitors can find out for themselves just how good Hannover Region sounds during the “Kultursommer”,when classical music events are on the bill in the HCC Kuppelsaal,the largest concert hall anywhere in Germany.In 2015,the International Joseph Joachim Violin petition will be held between 27 September and 10 October.Every three years,Stiftung Niedersachsen invites outstanding young violinists from all over the world to pete here in Hannover.【语篇导读】本文是说明文。汉诺威是德国下萨克森州的首府。由于其丰富的音乐活动和浓厚的艺术氛围,它被联合国教科文组织评为“音乐之城”。4.Whats the second paragraph mainly about?A.Why music is popular in Hannover.B.What music we can enjoy in Hannover.C.How to convince the UNESCO mittee.D.What makes Hannover a UNESCO City of Music.答案D解析段落大意题。根据第二段中的“.all factors that convinced the UNESCO mittee in Paris.”可知,该段主要介绍了汉诺威被联合国教科文组织评为“音乐之城”的原因。5.What can be inferred about Fte de la Musique?A.It encourages people to make simple music.B.Its the biggest music event in Germany.C.A variety of music is played during it.D.It includes many music petitions.答案C解析推理判断题。根据第四段中的“Simply making musicis the motto of the global music festivalFte de la Musique.Hannover celebrates this major festival for tolerance(包容) and international understanding.”可知,Fte de la Musique这一音乐节仅仅关乎音乐,并且体现了包容和国际化这一主题。由此可推测,在这一音乐节上会有不同类型的音乐被演奏。6.Which of the following events lasts longest?A.The Fhrmannsfest.B.Fte de la Musique.C.The N-Joy Starshow.D.The Masala World Beat Festival.答案D解析细节理解题。通读全文可知,四个音乐节的举办时间分别为7月31日8月2日,6月21日,5月29、30日,6月17日6月28日。由此不难看出,Masala World Beat Festival持续的时间最长。7.The underlined words “Stiftung Niedersachsen” in the last paragraph is most probably the name of .A.a universityB.a famous bandC.an organizationD.a famous person答案C解析推理判断题。根据最后一句内容可知,Stiftung Niedersachsen每三年都会邀请全球范围内的优秀小提琴选手来汉诺威参加比赛,由此判断它应该是一个机构的名称。.七选五Some people believe that really successful students are just born that way.1. However,the vast majority of successful students achieve their success by developing and applying effective study habits.2.Successful students typically space their work out over shorter periods of time and rarely try to crowd all of their studying into just one or two sessions.If you want to bee a successful student,then you must have regular,yet shorter,study periods.Plan when youre going to study.Successful students schedule specific time throughout the week when they are going to plete their studyingand then they stick with their schedule.3.Study at the same time.Not only is it important that you plan when youre going to study but also that you create a consistent daily study routine and stick with it.Thus,youll be mentally and emotionally more prepared for each study session and each study session will bee more productive.Have a specific goal in each study time.4. You need to know exactly what you need to acplish during each study session.Before you start studying,set a study session goal that supports your overall academic goal.Never delay your planned study session.Its very easy to put off your study session because of lack of interest in the subject,because you have other things you need to get done first or just because the assignment is hard.5. If you delay your study session,your studying will bee much less effective.Delay also leads to rushing,and rushing is the number one cause of errors.A.Students who study occasionally dont perform as well as students who have a set study schedule.B.Use study groups effectively.C.Start with the most difficult subject first.D.Dont try to crowd all your studying into one session.E.True,some students are able to finish school with little effort.F.Successful students do not put off studying.G.Simply studying without direction is not effective.答案与解析【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文,主要介绍了五种有效的学习习惯。1.E上文提到一些人认为成功的学生天生就该成功,下文提到绝大多数成功的学生是通过培养有效的学习习惯并加以应用而取得成功的,E项“诚然,一些学生付出很少的努力就能完成学业”与上下文衔接紧密,符合语境。2.D根据下文“Successful students.rarely try to crowd all of their studying into just one or two sessions.”可知,D项“不要将所有学习集中在一段时间”能概括本段内容。故选D项。3.A上文提到成功的学生会安排整周特定的时间来完成学习,然后坚持他们的日程安排,A项“那些偶尔学习的学生没有那些有学习计划的学生表现好”与之相呼应,且符合本段主题。故选A项。4.G根据本部分小标题“Have a specific goal in each study time.”可知,G项“只是一味地学习而没有方向是没有效率的”与本部分小标题相呼应,符合语境。故选G项。5.F本段主要介绍永远不要拖延你计划好的学习时间,故F项“成功的学生不会拖延学习”符合本段主旨。故选F项。.语篇填空(2018全国)Im not sure 1.is more frightened,me or the female gorilla(大猩猩) that suddenly appears out of nowhere.Im walking on a path in the forest in the Central African Republic.Unexpectedly,Im face-to-face with the gorilla,who begins screaming at 2.top of her lungs.That makes her baby scream,and then a 400-pound male appears.He screams the 3.(loud) of all.The noise shakes the trees as the male beats his chest and charges toward me.I quickly lower myself,ducking my head to avoid 4.(look) directly into his eyes so he doesnt feel 5.(challenge).My name is Mireya Mayor.Im a 6.(science) who studies animals such as apes and monkeys.I was searching 7.these three western lowland gorillas Id been observing.No one had seen them for hours,and my colleagues and I were worried.When the gorillas and I frightened each other,I was just glad to find8.(they) alive.True to a gorillas unaggressive nature,the huge animal9.(mean) me no real harm.He was just saying:“Im king of this forest,and here is your reminder!”Once his message was delivered,he allowed me10.(stay) and watch.答案与解析【语篇导读】本文是记叙文。作者讲述了自己作为研究灵长类动物的科学家,在中非密林中偶遇大猩猩的一次经历。1.who考查名词性从句。Im not sure后面接宾语从句,所以用who指“我”不确定“我”和母猩猩两者中谁更害怕一点。2.the考查冠词。at the top of为固定短语,意思是“在顶端”。 3.loudest考查副词最高级。the和of all都提示要用最高级。 4.looking考查非谓语动词。avoid后面要接动词-ing形式做宾语,所以用looking。5.challenged考查非谓语动词。feel为系动词,后面要接形容词做表语,challenged “受到挑战的”。6.scientist考查名词。前面有冠词a,所以此处需要用名词,且为单数形式。7.for考查介词。search for“搜索,寻找”。 8.them考查人称代词。动词find后面加宾语,所以需要用they的宾格形式。9.meant考查动词时态。前后句提示这里需要用过去时态,mean的过去式为meant。10.to stay考查非谓语动词。allow sb. to do sth.“允许某人做某事”。
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