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Unit 2 The environment一、阅读理解。Vinegar makes salad, fries and dumplings taste better, and you can even use it to clean your windows. And now, according to scientists, it may even the planets population survive climate change.Researchers from the RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science (CSRS) in Japan found that growing plants in vinegar makes them more resistant to droughts. This could mean that in the future, worries about climate change affecting the worlds supply of food will be much lower. The discovery was made after the researchers studied the Arabidopsis, a plant known for its ability to survive in dry weather. It was found that when the plant was placed in drought-like conditions, it produced a chemical called acetate（醋酸盐）the main ponent of vinegar.After discovering this, the scientists experimented further by adding acetate to the soil of other plants, before they stopped giving them water pletely. After leaving the plants for 14 days, they found that the ones treated with acetate had survived, while the untreated plants had dried up and died.Its hoped that this simple method of survival could soon be used to help farmers in dry countries keep their crops alive. In the experiment, we targeted the staple foods of the worldrice, wheat and maizeand the basic plant of breeding species, rapeseed（油菜籽）, Jong Myong Kim, co-author of the study, told Popular Science magazine.Kim also told the magazine hes already been in touch with people all over the world who are interested in trying this simple and cost-effective method out for themselves from flower growing panies to amateur gardeners. Although at this point keeping thirsty plants alive isnt as easy as just pouring vinegar over them, Kim said he and his team are working on making the process as simple as possible. Now we are trying to cooperate with some farmers, and also some panies, to make a method to apply this system, he said. And for those of us who always forget to ask our neighbors to water our plants when we go away, hopefully this means the end of returning home from a trip to find our favorite flowers have died.1.What is the article mainly about? A. The worlds food supply will be increased. B. Plants better survive droughts.C. The Arabidopsis is resistant to droughts. D. Vinegar could be used to fight droughts.2.It was discovered that acetate can .A. be used by farmers to replace soil B. only be produced by the ArabidopsisC. help plants survive dry conditions D. be used to improve poor soil3.What are the target plants of the experiment?A. all breeding species. B. wheat and Arabidopisis.C. rice and maize. D. rapeseed and Arabidopisis.4.Jong Myong Kims experiment of trying out the method .A. can make peoples trips pleasantB. turned out a worldwide successC. is as simple as pouring vinegar over the plantsD. appeals to many flower growing panies【文章大意】 本文属于科普类文章。醋不仅使食物味道更好，还可以用它来清洁你的窗户。研究发现醋中生长的植物，使它们更耐干旱。1.D 【解析】主旨大意题。通读全文可知本文主要讲述了醋能让植物在干旱的环境中生存，即能抗击干旱，故选D。3.C 【解析】细节理解题。根据第四段中的“In the experiment, we targeted the staple foods of the worldrice, wheat and maizeand the basic plant of breeding species, rapeseed,”可知在实验中，主要针对大米，小麦和玉米等。故选C。4.D 【解析】推理判断题。根据最后一段中的第一句“Kimhes already been in touch with people all over the world who are interested in trying this simple and cost-effective method out for themselves from flower growing panies to amateur gardeners”分析本句可知Kim已与对此感兴趣的花卉种植公司联系，也就是吸引这些公司。故选D。二、单项填空1.After a long _, the bill was passed by the House of the mons.A. argue B. debate C. discuss D. quarrel【答案】B【解析】 argue 争论， 争吵， 讨论； debate(正式的)辩论， 讨论， 常以表决结束； discussion 讨论， 议论； quarrel争吵。debate 指在公众集会或会议上的辩论或讨论，通常以表决的方式结束。句意：经过长时间的辩论，那项议案被下议院通过了。2.It is my _ to check that all doors and windows are locked after everybody leaves .A. doubt B. poster C. responsibility D. evidence【答案】C【解析】doubt 怀疑；poster 海报；responsibility 责任；evidence 证据。句意：在大家都离开后，我们有责任检查门窗有没有锁好。3.Surely there is a better way to manage the _ that arise when humans and their domestic animals move intoareas that have long served as habitat for wildlife.A. concepts B. conflicts C. consequences D. credits【答案】B【解析】concepts 概念；conflicts 冲突；consequences 后果，结果；credits 信誉，信用，金融贷款，荣誉，学分。句意：当然，当人类带着他们的家畜，搬到长久以来一直属于野生动物栖息地后所产生的冲突，应该有更好的方法去解决。4.I realized strength and courage arent always _ in medals and victories, but in the efforts we make.A. measured B. praised C. tested D. increased【答案】A【解析】be measured in 用来衡量。句意：我意识到力量与勇气并不总是以奖牌和胜利来衡量的，而是用我们付出的努力来衡量的。故选 A。5.This factory produced much dirty water, which resulted in a wide _ of environmental problems.A. branch B. range C. species D. wave【答案】B【解析】branch 部门；range 范围；species 物种；wave 波浪。a range of 一系列。句意：这家工厂产生了大量的污水，导致了一系列的环境问题。6.I appreciate _ the opportunity to work in your pany two years ago.A. giving B. to give C. being given D. to be given【答案】C【解析】句意：两年前得到在你的公司工作的机会，我对此非常感激。appreciate 表示“感激”，其后通常接动名词作宾语，而且动词 give 与其逻辑主语为被动关系。7.In recent years, in many Western countries, _ in the USA and the UK, Halloween has bee a specialoccasion.A. in general B. in brief C. in short D. in particular【答案】D【解析】句意：近年来，在许多西方国家，尤其是在美国和英国，万圣节前夕已经成为一种特殊的场合。in general 总的说来，通常；in brief 简言之；in short 总之，简而言之；in particular 尤其，特别。8.Water can _ and release a lot of heat without big changes in temperature ， thus creating a stableenvironment.A. take B. absorb C. adapt D. adopt【答案】B【解析】take 带走；absorb 吸收；adapt 适应；adopt 采用。句意：水可以吸收和释放大量的热量而不发生大的温度变化，从而创造一个稳定的环境。9.Now not only are many businessmen willing to cut back on the production of vehicles，but the public also reducethe use of cars.A. cut off B. cut down C. cut up D. cut back on【答案】D【解析】cut off 切断；cut down 砍倒；cut up 切碎；cut back on 削减。句意：现在不仅很多商业界人士乐意减少车辆的产量，公众也减少汽车的使用。10.The people in the war area have _ food. They are in a very difficult situation.A. run out B. used up C. been run out of D. been used up【答案】B【解析】run out 用完，耗尽；use up 用完，耗尽；因为这里是人做主语，所以用完某物不用被动语态；useup sth.=run out of sth：某人用完某物。故选 B 项。句意：战区的人们已经用完了食物，他们的处境很难。11.There were so many people in the hall then that I could hardly _ my sister.A. bring out B. turn out C. pick out D. call out【答案】C【解析】bring out 使显露；turn out 结果是；pick out 辨认；call out 大声叫喊。句意：当时大厅里有那么多的人，我几乎分辩不出谁是我的妹妹了。12.Smiling, more often than not, is a good way to avoid any possible _ in our daily life.A. explanation B. debate C. fault D. conflict【答案】D【解析】explanation 解释；debate 辩论；fault 错误；conflict 冲突。句意：在我们的日常生活中，微笑通常是一种能避免任何可能的冲突的好方式。13.According to the World Health Organization, air pollution is _ millions of deaths every year.A. original from B. suitable for C. accessible to D. responsible for【答案】D【解析】original from 来源于；suitable for 适用于；accessible to 可接近的；responsible for 为负责，形成的原因。句意：根据世界卫生组织的调查，空气污染每年会导致数百万人的死亡。14.The slow economic growth over the past two years seems to have worsened the situation for migrant workersand increased employee-employer conflicts _ payment of salaries.A. with B. for C. to D. over【答案】D【解析】conflict over sth.关于的冲突。句意：过去两年缓慢的经济增长速度似乎已经恶化了民工的处境，同时也增加了劳资双方薪酬支付方面的冲突。15.He sold me the car at a cheap price and gave away the radio _.A. for a change B. for my part C. for good measure D. for a song【答案】C【解祈】for good measure 附加的，额外的，符合句意；for a change 为了改变一下，为了换个口味；for mypart 就我而言；for a song 廉价。句意：他廉价将车卖给我，而且额外赠送了这台收音机。16.What is the cost of the MP5 here?Well, the prices _ from $ 100 to $ 500.A. increase B. range C. reach D. different【答案】B【解析】答句句意：价格在 100 美元到 500 美元之间。range from.to.在和之间变化，符合题意。17.Few things feel better than receiving sincere praise and _ from someone else, for it can give you a strongsense of achievement and build up your confidence.A. appreciation B. criticism C. permission D. response【答案】A【解析】appreciation 欣赏，感激；criticism 批评；permission 许可；response 回应。句意：很少有比受到别人表扬和欣赏感觉更好的事情了。因为这可以给你到来强烈的成就感并可以建立你的信心。18.Youd better learn more about table manners, because the British are rather _ about it.A. responsible B. casual C. particular D. upset【答案】C【解析】responsible 负责的；casual 随意的；particular 特别的，挑剔的，详细的；upset 沮丧的。句意：你最好多学点餐桌礼仪，因为英国人对此尤为讲究。be particular about 对很认真/讲究。三、完形填空。A homeless man walked up to me and asked me for some small change, “ Ill give you a quarter if you tell me your story,” I said. He laughed, “Youll give me a quarter for my story? I laid the 1 in front of him and 2 myself “No, heres the quarter but it would be nice to hear your story.” Seeing him lost in 3 , I sat down next to him and waited. “ I was once a sniper(狙击手)in the army.” he said. “ I was 4 to shoot down the enemy from the distance.” I listened attentively as he 5 his story. He told me how he 6 to hunt with his family and was really good at it. He had his own 7 to respecting animals by not killing more than be needed. When the army came knocking on his door, he felt 8 and joined up. All those years of developing his hunting skills could now serve a larger 9 to defend us from the bad guys. He set out to 10 at the front. “ I was a sniper but I never really killed anyone.” he continued. “One day they asked me to 11 a lady from the distance. I saw the kids near her and my hands were on the trigger(扳机). But I couldnt 12 it. She wasnt doing anything to anyone and she was 13 the kidsI couldnt see through my tears. It just didnt make any 14 to me. ” The story went on as he described 15 being put into prison for 180 days for 16 to follow orders. “ I have no 17 ,” he said. “ I may be homeless now, 18 I never killed that lady.” He continued, “ I can live with being homeless, but I wouldnt be able to stand killing 19 people.”On that lonely Friday night, I met a hero. It just never 20 to me that a hero could be a smelly old sniper. 语篇解读：本文介绍了一位曾在部队服役的狙击手的故事。狙击手在一次战斗中因为拒绝执行枪杀一位带着孩子的妇女的命令，被判处180天监禁。出狱后却找不到工作，沦为街头乞丐。但是他却一直不后悔自己的行为。他是一位真正的英雄。1.A. note B. coin C. dollar D. wallet 【答案】B 2.A. blamed B. remended C. corrected D. rescued【答案】C 【解析】A. blamed责备；B. remend推荐；C. corrected改正，纠正；D. rescued营救，援救。此处指作者意识到自己做错了(指把钱放在那个无家可归的人的前面的地上)，就赶紧改正(从下文所说的话，作者是把钱递给了那个无家可归的人)。3.A. argument B. action C. consideration D. thought【答案】D【解析】A. argument争论；B. action行动；C. consideration考虑；D. thought想法。lost in thought“陷入沉思”。4.A. observed B. supposed C. reminded D. determined【答案】B【解析】A. observed观察； B. supposed假定；C. reminded 提醒，使想起；D. determined决定。be supposed to应该，被期望。此处指“期望我能从远处开枪击倒敌人”。5.A. expanded on B. checked on C. counted on D. fixed on【答案】A【解析】A. expanded on详细阐述，进一步阐述；B. checked on检查，调查；C. counted on指望，依靠，依赖；D. fixed on确定，决定。这儿是说“详细阐述他的故事，即展开他的故事”。6.A. desired B. wished C. failed D. used【答案】D【解析】A. desired渴望；B. wished希望；C. failed失败；D. used使用。此处狙击手讲过去的事，used to过去常常。7. A. methodB. meansC. way D. approach【答案】D8.A. annoyed B. honored C. astonished D. confused【答案】B【解析】A. annoyed烦恼的；B. honored光荣的；C. astonished吃惊的；D. confused困惑的。上文说“部队来征兵时(the army came knocking on his door转义为部队来征兵)”，说明他想参军，感到参军很光荣，所以就入伍了。9.A. group B. business C. purpose D. result【答案】C【解析】A. group组；B. business商业；C. purpose目的；D. result结果。此处指多年的军队练习使他能实现更大的目的，保护人民。10.A. serve B. hunt C. aim D. survive【答案】A 【解析】A. serve服务；B. hunt打猎；C. aim 目的在于； D. survive生存。此处指他去前线服役，为国服务。11.A. murder B. fight C. shoot D. recognize【答案】C 【解析】A. murder谋杀；B. fight打仗；C. shoot射杀；D. recognize认出。此处指：开枪射杀一位女士。12.A. remain B. fire C. make D. decide【答案】C【解析】A. remain保持；B. fire点燃；C. make it做成，成功；D. decide决定。此处指狙击手想到这位女士是无辜的，所以就没下手，没做成。故选C.13.A. besides B. along C. inside D. among【答案】D【解析】A. besides除外；B. along沿着；C. inside在内；D. among在中间。此处指这位女 士在孩子们中间。14. A. useB. reason C. valueD. sense【答案】D【解析】make sense 意为“有意义”、“意思清楚”、“有道理”。此处指“射杀那位女士对我来说没有任何 意义”。15.A. gradually B. eventually C. deliberately D. desperately【答案】B【解析】A. gradually逐渐地；B. eventually 最后；C. deliberately故意地；D. desperately拼命地。此处指 最后他被判处180天监禁。16.A. managing B. failing C. hesitating D. forgetting【答案】B【解析】A. managing管理；B. failing失败(fail to do sth.没有能够做某事)；C. hesitating犹豫；D. forgetting 忘记。此处讲他被判处180天监禁的原因是他没有服从命令。17.A. ideas B. attempts C. regrets D. feelings【答案】C18.A. however B. rather than C. but D. contrary to【答案】C【解析】A. however然而，B. rather than而不是；C. but 但是；D. contrary to和相反。前句为我现在无家可归，后句为我没杀害无辜者。上下文之间为转折关系，故but。however表示让步关系。19. A. considerable B. considerate C. innocent D. ignorant【答案】C【解析】A. considerable相当大(或多)的；B. considerate体贴的，体谅的，深思熟虑的；C. innocent无辜的；D. ignorant无知的。这里是说：我可以忍受无家可归，但我不能忍受杀害无辜者。20.A. happened B. seemed C. attached D. occurred【答案】D【解析】occur to sb.某人突然想到。这里是说：我从没想到一个又老又脏的狙击手竟然是个英雄。四、短文改错。Last Sunday，I joined the voluntary group to help keep the traffic in good order at a big crossing near our school.At 800 am.，we arrived there，wore red vests with the word VOLUNTEER on the back.We helped with the police remind the passers-by to obey traffic rule.To our delighted，they all waited for the green light patient except one motor-biker.We also give out some handmade brochures about traffic regulations，for that many people praised us.About 4 hours later，they said good-bye to the police and left.Tired as we were，we all felt an honor to do our parts.答案：Last Sunday，I joined voluntary group to help keep the traffic in good order at a big crossing near our school.At 800 am.，we arrived there， red vests with the word VOLUNTEER on the back.We helped with the police remind the passers-by to obey traffic .To our ，they all waited for the green light except one motor-biker.We also out some hand-made brochures about traffic regulations，for many people praised us.About 4 hours later， said good-bye to the police and left.Tired as we were，we all felt an honor to do our parts.解析：在全文中是第一次出现，不能用特指，而应用泛指。故将the改为a。解析：现在分词作状语表主动含义，此处wear的主语是we，其间是主动关系。解析：帮助某人做某事，不存在help with sb.sth这一搭配。故将with去掉。解析：交通法规为固定用语，法规肯定不可能就一个。故将rule改为rules。解析：固定用语，意为令我们高兴的是。故将delighted改为delight。解析：副词修饰形容词，此处是用副词patiently修饰形容词waited。解析：整篇文章所描述的事情发生在过去，所以动词应用过去时态。解析：考查定语从句中介词which的用法，此处for是与后面praised相照应的，praise sb.for sth.解析：全篇的人称都是we我们，根据句意也应该是“我们和警察道别”。解析：it在此处作形式宾语不可省略，真正的宾语是后面的不定式。
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