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专题04 Making the news【高频单词】1assist (vt.) 帮助；协助；援助assistant (n.) 助手；助理；售货员2profession (n.) 职业；专业professional (adj.) 专业的；职业的 (n.) 专业人员3photograph (n.) 照片 (vt.) 给照相photographer (n.) 摄影师4concentrate (vi & vt.) 集中；聚集concentrated (adj.) 集中的；紧张的；加强的concentration (n.) 集中；专心5acquire (vt.) 获得；得到；学到acquired (adj.) 已获得的；已成习惯的acquirable (adj.) 可得到的；可获得的6deliberately (adv.) 故意地；有意地deliberate (adj.) 故意的7guilty (adj.) 犯罪的；有罪的；内疚的guilt (n.) 罪行；内疚8technical (adj.) 技术(上)的，技巧方面的technically (adv.) 技术上；工艺上technology (n.) 技术9crime (n.) 罪行；犯罪criminal (adj.) 犯罪的；刑事的 (n.) 罪犯10edition (n.) 版(本)；版次edit (vt.) 编辑；校订editor (n.) 编辑11accurate (adj.) 精确的；正确的accurately (adv.) 正确地；精密地accuracy (n.) 精确；准确12approve (vt.) 批准；赞成；认可(反义词)disapprove (vt.) 不批准；不赞成approval (n.) 赞成；批准；认可13process (n.) 过程；程序；步骤 (vt.) 加工；处理procession (n.) 行列；队伍14appointment (n.) 约会；任命appoint (v.) 约定；任命15inform (vt.) 告知；通知information (n.) 消息16demand (n.) 需求；要求(vt.) 强烈要求demanding (adj.) 苛求的，严格的17thorough (adj.) 彻底的；详尽的thoroughly (adv.) 彻底地；详细地18admirable (adj.) 值得赞扬的；令人钦佩的admire (vt.) 钦佩，羡慕【重点短语】1concentrate_on集中；全神贯注于2depend_on 依靠；依赖3accuse.of 因指责或控告4so_as_to_(do_sth.) 为了(做)5ahead_of 在前面6have_a_good_nose_for. 对有敏感的“嗅觉”7inform_sb._of_sth. 通知某人某事8keep.in_mind 把记在心里9get_the_wrong_end_of_the_stick 完全误解；弄错10last_of_all 最后【热点句型】1否定词置于句首的倒装结构Never_will (永远不) Zhou Yang (ZY) forget his first assignment at the office of a popular English newspaper.2be to do结构His discussion with his new boss, Hu Xin(HX), was_to_strongly_influence (产生了重要影响) his life as a journalist.3not only.but (also).连接的并列句Not_only_am_I_interested_in (我不仅对感兴趣) photography, but I took an amateur course at university to update my skills.4抽象地点名词定语从句Have you ever had a_case_where (这一种情况) someone accused your journalists of getting the wrong end of the stick？高频考点一、单词例1、assistvt.帮助；援助；协助Youll find your colleagues very eager to assist you，.你会发现你的同事们十分愿意协助你【归纳拓展】(1)assist sb. with sth. 帮助某人某事assist sb. to_do sth. 帮助某人做某事assist sb. in doing sth. 帮助某人做某事(2)assistance n. 协助e to ones assistance 帮助某人financial assistance 经济援助(3)assistant n. 助手；助理【语境助记】A senior scholar would assist_him_with his work.一位资深学者将协助他工作。She often assists_her_mother_in_washing bowls.她经常帮她妈妈洗碗。We will assist_you_in_finding somewhere to live.(We will assist_you_to_find somewhere to live.)我们将帮你找个住的地方。Whenever he was in trouble, I would e_to_his_assistance.无论何时他遇到困难，我总会帮助他。Im sure I was the last person in the world he wanted to accept_assistance from. 我肯定他最不想接受来自我的帮助。I have such a good mand of English that I am elected as assistant to my English teacher.我英语掌握地非常好，被选作英语老师的助手。例2、informvt.通知；告知They must use research to inform themselves of the missing parts of the story.(P26)他们必须通过调查研究来获悉被遗漏的那部分情况。【归纳拓展】(1)inform sb. of/about sth. 通知/告诉某人某事inform sb. that/when/how. 通知某人keep sb. informed of 使某人随时了解(2)information n. 消息；信息【语境助记】They would inform him of any progress they had made.他们会把他们取得的任何进展都告诉他。I regret to inform_you_that you have been unsuccessful in your application.我遗憾地通知你，你的申请没有成功。Please keep_me_fully_informed_of any developments.事态如有发展，请向我提供详情。Natalie posted information_about_a_boy named Patrick, who lost his baseball card collection when his house burned down.纳塔莉张贴了一个叫帕特里克的男孩的信息，这个男孩在自家房屋烧毁时弄丢了他的棒球卡收藏品。例3、casen情况；病例；案例Have you ever had a case where someone accused your journalists of getting the wrong end of the stick？你有没有过这样的情况：别人控告你的记者，说他(她)们的报道完全失实？【归纳拓展】in case of. 假使；万一in case 以防万一(引导状语从句时，从句谓语用一般现在时代替一般将来时)in any case 无论如何；总之in this/that case 如果这样/那样的话；在这种/那种情况下in no case 决不as is often the case 情况通常是这样【名师点睛】1、case意为“情况；情形”时，若为定语从句的先行词，且从句中缺少状语时，定语从句的引导词多用where。类似的还有：point， situation， stage， position等2、in case后接从句时，不加that。3、in no case置于句首时，句子采用部分倒装。【语境助记】Unless we have enough evidence, we cant win_the_case.除非我们有足够的证据，否则我们赢不了官司。Larry told her that he had already put out the fire and she should not move in_case she injured her neck.拉里告诉她，他已扑灭大火，并且她不应该乱动以免伤到颈部。But in_that_case,_we will learn little about world.但是在那种情况下，我们对世界会知之甚少。In_no_case will I turn against my motherland.我决不会背叛我的祖国。In_case_of_fire,_ring the alarm bell.如遇火警，即按警铃。There is no simple answer, as_is_often_the_case in science.科学往往如此，它没有一个简单的答案。例4、demandn要求；需求vt.强烈要求It was a dilemma because the footballer could have demanded damages if we were wrong.这是一个两难问题，因为如果我们错了，那个足球队员就可以要求补偿损失。【归纳拓展】(1)demand sth. 要求某物demand to_do 要求做demand that.(should) do. 要求(从句用虚拟语气，should可省略)(2)in great demand 迫切需要meet/satisfy ones demands 满足某人的需求【名师点睛】demand不能用于demand sb. to do sth.结构；“向某人要某物”不能用demand sb. sth.结构，要用demand sth. of/from sb.结构。I demand_to_know whats going on.我要求了解正在发生的事情。Her teachers demanded_that_she_wear longer skirts.她的老师们要求她穿长些的裙子。Good graduates are always in_great_demand.优秀毕业生总是很抢手。The manager promised that they would try to meet_their_customers_demands.经理许诺他们会尽力满足顾客的需求。例5、approvevt. 赞成；认可；批准Last of all, the chief editor read it and approved it. 最后主编审读这篇稿子，并且批准发表。【归纳拓展】(1)approve sth.通过、批准某事approve of sth./sb. 赞同、赞成某事/某人approve of ones doing sth. 允许某人做某事(2)approval n. 批准；认可；同意；赞同give (ones) approval to 批准(3)disapprove vt. 不赞成；不批准；不认可(4)disapproval n. 不批准；不认可；不同意【语境助记】Everybody approves_of_the_plans for a new school building.大家都赞成建造一所新校舍的计划。I approve_of_your_trying to make some money, but please dont neglect your studies.我赞成你去赚些钱，但不要荒废学业。Does what I have done meet with your_approval?我做的事你赞成吗？The government gave_approval_to the project.政府批准了那项工程。高频考点三、短语例1、concentrate on 集中在；专心于Youll find your colleagues very eager to assist you, so you may be able to concentrate on photography later if youre interested. 你将发现同事们会热情地帮助你，因此如果你对摄影感兴趣，以后你可以集中精力去研究它。【归纳拓展】(1)concentrate on (doing) sth. 专心(做)某事concentrate ones attention /effort/energy/mind on sth. 集中注意力/力量/精力/思想于某事(2)concentration n. 集中；专心(3)focus/fix.on. 集中于put ones mind/heart in/into. 专心于be absorbed in. 专心于apply oneself/ones mind to. 专心于pay attention to. 专心于；注意【名师点睛】【语境助记】I cant concentrate_on my studies with that noise going on.有噪音我不能集中精力学习。We must concentrate_our_attention_on improving education.我们必须致力于改进教育。Speaking on the phone requires concentration and takes a drivers attention from the road.打电话需要集中注意力，这样就分散了司机对路面的注意力。例2、depend on 依靠；依赖；取决于Meanwhile you have to prepare the next question depending on what the person says.同时，你还要根据被采访人所说的话准备提出下一个问题。【归纳拓展】(1)depend on sb. to_do sth. 依靠某人做某事depend on/upon it that.指望；相信(2)That depends./It all depends. 视情况而定。(3)independent adj.独立的；自主的(4)independence n独立【语境助记】It all depends_on your character.那都要取决于你的个性。You may depend_on_him_to_do it well.你可以依靠他把事办好。We can depend_on_him_for help.我们可以依靠他帮忙。We can depend_on_it_that he will arrive here on time.我们相信他会准时来的。I dont know if we can helpit_all_depends/that_depends.我不知道我们能不能帮上忙，那要看情况而定。例3、accuse.of. 因指责或控告Have you ever had a case where someone accused your journalists of getting the wrong end of the stick? 你有没有遇到过这样的情况：别人控告你的记者，说他(她)们的报道完全失实？【归纳拓展】(1)accuse sb. of (doing) sth.指控某人(做)某事(2)accuse sb. as. 指控某人为(3)charge sb. with (doing) sth.控告某人(做)某事【语境助记】The boy was_accused_of destroying property.这个男孩被指责毁坏了财物。Gibbons has been_charged_with murder.吉本斯被指控谋杀。For lack of sufficient evidence, the_accused was allowed to go free.由于缺乏充足的证据，被告被释放了。高频考点三、句型His discussion with his new boss, Hu Xin(HX), was_to strongly influence his life as a journalist.他与他的新老板胡欣的讨论对他的记者生涯必将产生重要影响。【归纳拓展】“be to动词原形”的常见用法：(1)表示按计划、安排即将发生某事或打算做某事。(2)语气上接近于should, must, ought to, have to，表示命令、吩咐或禁止的语气。(3)表示不可避免将要发生或以后注定要发生的事情。(4)用于条件从句，意为“如果想；设想”(接近于if.want to/if.should)。【名师点睛】1、如果表示未曾实现的打算或计划，要用was/were to have done形式。2、be about to do.表示即将发生的动作，该结构不与表示时间的副词或其他时间状语连用，常用于be about to do sth. when.结构中。3、be going to do.多用于口语，强调事先打算、计划要做某事或根据某种迹象要发生某事。【语境助记】If we are_to_arrive before ten, well have to go now.如果我们要在10点前到达，我们现在就得走。If you are_to_succeed,_you have to make more efforts.如果你想成功，你必须更加努力。You are_to_have_reported it to the police.你本应该向警察报告此事的。高频考点四、语法一、完全倒装1完全倒装是把谓语动词完全置于主语前，其中主语必须是名词，若为代词则不倒装。这种结构通常只用于一般现在时和一般过去时。2完全倒装的结构(1)在here, there, now, then, up, down, in, out, off, away等表示时间和运动方向的副词或地点状语置于句首以示强调时，句子要全部倒装，谓语动词常用e, go, be, lie, run, rush等。Away went the boy.(2)表示地点的介词短语置于句首时。Under the table sletif a white cat.A white cat sletif under the table.(3)某些表语置于句首时。表语为介词短语Inside the parcel was a note.表语为形容词Present at the meeting were many guests.【名师点睛】二、部分倒装1部分倒装是把be/助动词/情态动词提到主语的前面，即助动词/情态动词/系动词主语谓语动词。2部分倒装的几种情形(1)“only副词/介词短语/状语从句”置于句首时，要进行部分倒装，即“only状语”置于句首时要部分倒装，但“only主语”不倒装。Only then did she realize how much damage had been caused.(2)否定词位于句首时要部分倒装，高考常考的词汇有：never, not, seldom, hardly, nowhere, little, by no means, at no time等。Ive tried very hard to improve my English. But by no means is the teacher satisfied with my progress.(3)not until引导的从句位于句首引起的主句部分倒装。The mother didnt leave the room until the child fell asleep.Not until the child fell asleep did the mother leave the room.(4)as/though引导的让步状语从句部分倒装，构成为：名词/形容词/副词/动词/分词as/though主语其他。Though it might sound strange, his idea was accepted by all the people at the meeting.Strange as/though it might sound, his idea was accepted by all the people at the meeting.【名师点睛】(5)so, nor, neither开头的句子要部分倒装。前一分句是肯定句，后一分句用so引导，意为“某人/某事也”；前一分句是否定句，后一分句用neither/nor引导，意为“某人/某事也不”；倒装句中的谓语应与前面的谓语时态保持一致。He has been to Beijing. So have I.Tom enjoys music. So do I. (我也喜欢音乐)Tom enjoys music. So he does.(他确实喜欢音乐)(6)表示“一就”句型需部分倒装的几种情形。(过去完成时)(一般过去时)No sooner had she gone out than the telephone rang.(7)not only. but also; so. that; such. that引起的倒装情形中，通常遵循“前倒后不倒”的原则。Not only is he interested in football but also he plays well.(8)在省略if的虚拟条件句中，且从句中有were/should/had时需部分倒装，只需将were/should/had提至句首即可。If he had followed my advice, he would have succeeded.Had he followed my advice, he would have succeeded.【2018浙江】写作第一节 应用文写作假定你是李华，你校英语协会招聘志愿者，接待来访的国外中学生。请你写信应聘，内容包括：（1） 口语能力：（2） 相关经验；（3） 应聘目的。注意：（1） 词数80左右；（2） 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。【答案】One possible version:Dear Sir or Madam,My name is Li Hua. And I am writing to apply for being a volunteer of our school English association.I have a good mand of English and have been to the USA twice. So I can municate well with native speakers of English. Whats more, I am kind and friendly to other people. So I can easily get along with foreign students.Im particularly interested in this job because I want to further improve my oral English capabilities and interpersonal munication skills.Hopefully I can receive your acceptance.Yours faithfully,Li Hua【解析】本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求写一封申请信。第三步：根据提示和关键词（组）进行遣词造句，本文时态应以现在时为主，人称为第一人称。第四步：连句成文，注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接和过渡，书写一定要规范清晰，保持整洁美观的卷面是非常重要的。第二节 读后续写阅读下面短文，根据所给情节进行续写，使之构成一个完整的故事。67. It was summer, and my dad wanted to treat me to a vacation like never before. He decided to take me on a trip to the Wild West.We took a plane to Albuquerque, a big city in the state of New Mexico. We reached Albuquerque in the late afternoon. Uncle Paul, my dads friend, picked us up from the airport and drove us up to his farm in Pecos.His wife Tina cooked us a delicious dinner and we got to know his sons Ryan and Kyle. My dad and I spent the night in the guestroom of the farm house listening to the frogs and water rolling down the river nearby. Very early in the morning, Uncle Paul woke us up to have breakfast. The day starts at dawn on my farm, he said. After breakfast, I went to help Aunt Tina feed the chickens. while my dad went with Uncle Paul to take the sheep out to graze(吃草). I was impressed to see my dad and Uncle Paul riding horses. They looked really cool. In the afternoon, I asked Uncle Paul if I could take a hose ride, and he said yes, as long as my dad went with me. I wasnt going to take a horse ride by myself anyway. So, my dad and I put on our new cowboy hats, got on our horses, and headed slowly towards the mountains. Dont be late for supper, Uncle Paul cried, and keep to the track so that you dont get lost! OK! my dad cried back. After a while Uncle Paul and his fam house were out of sight. It was so peaceful and quiet and the colors of the brown rocks, the deep green pine trees, and the late afternoon sun mixed to create a magic scene. It looked like a beautiful woven(编织的）blanket spread out upon the ground just for us.Suddenly a little rabbit jumped out in front of my horse.注意：（1）所续写短文的词数应为l50左右；（2）至少使用5个短文中标有下划线的关键词语：（3）续写部分分为两段，每段的开头语已为你写好；（4）续写完成后，请用下划线标出你所使用的关键词语。Paragraph 1: Suddenly a little rabbit jumped out in front of my horse. _Paragraph 2: We had no idea where we were and it was getting dark. _【答案】One possible version:Suddenly a little rabbit jumped out in front of my horse. My horse turned to the left to avoid the little rabbit as I held on tightly and tried not to fall. Then my dad turned around and shouted, “Hold on!” All of a sudden the horse began to run. My dad tried to keep up behind us. For a few minutes my horse slowed down to a trot and then stopped beside a river. I looked around and realized that we were way off the track.We had no idea where we were and it got dark. Luckily the stars came out and gave us a little light when we were looking for the way to the farm house. After what must have been several hours, we suddenly heard the sound of sheep in the distance. My dad and I both rode our horses towards the sound of the sheep. As we got closer we saw Uncle Paul with a flashlight waving us over. What a night!通过阅读所给文章可知，父亲带儿子去西部荒野的一个朋友家体验农场生活，见父亲和叔叔骑马，儿子也很想骑，于是亲身上马体验。根据第一段所给首句Suddenly a little rabbit jumped out in front of my horse.这一句是故事发展的转折点，可从rabbit出现后带来的反应扩展开，可以写马的反应，也可以写人的反应，但要注意与第二段首句相呼应。第二段首句是We had no idea where we were and it was getting dark.这一句呼应前文Uncle Paul的叮嘱不要误吃晚饭，可从如何寻路返回农场去写。续写时注意要使用5个以上短文中标有下划线的关键词语，我们要熟悉所给划线词语，恰当的时候加以运用。最后还要注意所续写短文的词数应为150左右；续写完成后要用下划线标出你所使用的关键词语。3.【2017新课标III】第二节 (共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分) 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Lots of people find it hard to get up in the morning and put the blame on the alarm clock. In fact, the key to easy morning wake-up lies in resting your body clock 36 Here is how to make one. 37 In order to make a change, you need to decide why its important. Do you want to get up in time to have breakfast with your family, get in some exercise, or just be better prepared for your day? Once you are clear about your reason, tell your family or roommates about the change you want to make.Rethink mornings. Now that you know why you want to wake up, consider re-arranging your morning activities. If you want time to have breakfast with your family, save some time the night before by setting out clothes, shoes, and bags. 38 Thats a quarter-hour more you could be sleeping if you bought a coffee maker with a timer.Keep your sleep/wake schedule on weekends. If youre tired out by Friday night, sleeping in on Saturday could sound wonderful. But pensating on the weekends actually feeds into your sleepiness the following week, a recent study found. 39 Keep a record and evaluate it weekly. Keep track of your efforts and write down how you feel. After youve tried a new method for a week, take a look at your record. 40 If not, take another look at other methods you could try.A. Get a sleep specialist.B. Find the right motivation.C. A better plan for sleep can help.D. And consider setting a second alarm.E. If the steps you take are working, keep it up.F. Stick to your set bedtime and wake-up time, no matter the day.G. Reconsider the 15 minutes you spend in line at the caf to get coffee.【解析】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了如何帮助人们制定计划调节生物钟，确保起床不再是一件令人头痛的事情。38. G 根据下句内容可知，作者建议人们买一个可以定时的咖啡机，这样可以节约15分钟的喝咖啡时间，能够多睡15分钟，文中的a quarter-hour 和选项中的15 minutes呼应，是信息提示词。故选G。39.F 根据段落小标题可知，本段是建议人们在周末也要坚持自己的作息时间，由此推断Stick to your set bedtime and wake-up time, no matter the day.和本段标题意思相同。故选F。4.【2017北京卷】第二节 （共 5 小题；每小题 2 分，共 10 分） 根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Every animal sleeps, but the reason for this has remained foggy. When lab rats are not allowed to sleep, they die within a month. 71 One idea is that sleep helps us strengthen new memories. 72 We know that, while awake, fresh memories are recorded by reinforcing (加强) connections between brain cells, but the memory processes that take place while we sleep have been unclear.Support is growing for a theory that sleep evolved so that connections between neurons(神经元) in the brain can be weakened overnight, making room for fresh memories to form the next day. 73 Now we have the most direct evidence yet that he is right. 74 The synapses in the mice taken at the end of a period of sleep were 18 per cent smaller than those taken before sleep, showing that the connections between neurons weaken while sleeping.If Tononis theory is right, it would explain why, when we miss a nights, we find it harder the next day to concentrate and learn new information our brains may have smaller room for new experiences.Their research also suggests how we may build lasting memories over time even though the synapses bee thinner. The team discovered that some synapses seem to be protected and stayed the same size. 75 “You keep what matters,” Tononi says.A. We should also try to sleep well the night before.B. Its as if the brain is preserving its most important memories.C. Similarly, when people go for a few days without sleeping, they get sick.D. The processes take place to stop our brains being loaded with memories.E. Thats why students do better in tests if they get a chance to sleep after learning.F. “Sleep is the price we pay for learning,” says Giulio Tononi, who developed the idea.G. Tononis team measured the size of these connections, or synapses, in the brains of 12 mice.【答案】71C 72E 73F 74G 75B【解析】本文讲述了人和动物为什么需要睡眠的一些理论以及睡眠的重要性。73.根据下文中的he，可知此处要提到一个人，以及他的理论，正好F项中有，故选F。74.根据下文中提到的关键词synapses in the mice以及整个句子可知，他肯定做了关于老鼠的实验，G项有关键词synapses，mice，都与他的实验有关，故答案为G。75.根据后一句提到的You keep what matters,你记住重要的东西，可知大脑会把最重要的记忆保存下来，前后逻辑关系顺畅，故选B。5.【2017浙江卷】根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。How to Do Man-on-the-Street InterviewsThe man-on-the-street interview is an interview in which a reporter hits the streets with a cameraman to interview people on the sport. _31_ But with these tips, your first man-on-the-street interview experience can be easy.When your boss or professor sends you out to do man-on-the-street interviews for a story, think about the topic and develop a list of about ten general questions relating to it. For example, if your topic is abo
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