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专题01 Friendship 【考纲解读】1. 与同伴讨论友谊和朋友的重要性，了解同学们的交友观；2. 重点掌握与促进友谊、提升人际关系相关的词汇、短语和句式。【高频单词】1upset (adj.) 心烦意乱的；不安的；不适的 (vt.) 使不安；使心烦upset(过去式)upset (过去分词)upsetting (现在分词)2ignore (vt.) 不理睬；忽视ignorance (n.) 无知ignorant (adj.) 无知的；不了解的3concern (vt.) (使)担忧；涉及；关系到 (n.) 担心；关注；(利害)关系concerned (adj.) 担心的；有关的concerning (prep.) 关于；有关4entire (adj.) 整个的；完全的；全部的entirely (adv.) 完全地；全然地；整个地5settle (vi.) 安家；定居；停留 (vt.) 使定居；安排；解决settlement (n.) 定居；解决settler(n.) 定居者；移民6suffer (vt. & vi.) 遭受；忍受；经历suffering (n.) 痛苦；苦难sufferer (n.) 患病者；受苦难者7power (n.) 能力；力量；权力powerful (adj.) 强大的；强有力的powerless (反义词) (adj.) 无力的；没有能力的；无权力的8recover (vt. & vi.) 痊愈；恢复；重新获得recovery (n.) 痊愈；恢复；重新获得9exactly (adv.) 确实如此；正是；确切地exact (adj.) 确切的；精确的10disagree (vi.) 不同意agree(反义词)(vi.) 同意disagreement (n.) 不同意【重点短语】1add_up 合计2calm_(.)_down (使)平静下来；(使)镇定下来3be_concerned_about 关心；挂念4go_through 经历；经受5suffer_from 遭受；患病6get/be_tired_of 对厌烦7set_down 记下；放下；登记8on_purpose 故意9fall_in_love 相爱；爱上10join_in 参加；加入11have_got_to 不得不；必须12no longer/not. any longer 不再13pack_(sth.)_up 将(东西)装箱打包14in_order_to 为了15a_series_of 一连串的；一系列；一套【热点句型】1状语从句的省略：while分词结构“当的时候”While_walking_the_dog (在遛狗时)，you were careless and it got loose and was hit by a car.(教材P1)2before 引导时间状语从句，意为“在之后才”，有时也可理解为“还没等就”She and her family hid away for nearly twentyfive months before_they_were_discovered (他们才被发现)(教材P2)3It is. that/who. 强调句型I wonder if its_because_I_havent_been_able_to_be_outdoors_ for_so_long_that (是因为我长久无法出门的缘故)Ive grown so crazy about everything to do with nature.(教材P2)4There was a time when. “曾经有段时间”，此处when引导的是定语从句，可记作固定句式I can well remember that there_was_a_time_when(有段时光) a deep blue sky, the song of the birds, moonlight and flowers could never have kept me spellbound.(教材P2)5It/This/That is/was the first time that. “这/那是某人第一次做某事”，此结构中的从句部分要用完成时It_was_the_first_time (这是第一次)in a year and a half that Id_seen (我目睹了)the night face to face.(教材P2)6“with宾语宾补”复合结构Mother asked her if/whether she was very hot with_so_many_clothes_on (穿着这么多衣服)(教材P5)【写作句型】Im writing to do sth1.Im writing to invite you to visit a Chinese papercutting exhibition, which will be held in our school hall on May 5th Saturday.(2017全国卷书面表达)我写信邀请您参观中国剪纸展览会，该展览将于5月5日星期六在我们学校礼堂举行。2.Im writing to tell you something about my life and study in recent days.我写信是想告诉你我最近几天的生活和学习情况。 (2017天津卷书面表达)3.Im writing to invite you to take part in an outing.(2017浙江卷应用文写作)我写信邀请你参加郊游。4.I am writing to invite you to join us for a visit to the nursing home nearby over the Double Ninth Festival next Sunday.(2015全国卷满分作文)我写信是想邀请你在下星期日的重阳节和我们一起去拜访附近的敬老院。5.I am writing to tell you that I am going to take part in the Dragon Boat Training Camp this summer. (2015北京卷写作)我写信是想告诉你今年夏天我要参加龙舟训练营。6.我写信是想告诉你关于我下次上中文课的计划。I_am_writing_to_tell_you_my_plan_for_the_ing_Chinese_lesson. (2017全国卷书面表达)7.我代表我们的俱乐部写信邀请你们在这次展出中分享你们的一些代表作。I,_on_behalf_of_our_club,_am_writing_to_invite_you_to_share_some_of_your_masterpieces_for_this_show.(2016全国卷书面表达)8.我写信是想申请参加你们组织的活动。I_am_writing_to_apply_to_join_in_the_activity_you_are_organizing. (2015重庆卷写作) 高频考点一、单词冲关例1、upset adj.心烦意乱的；不安的；不适的 vt.使不安；使心烦；弄翻；打乱(计划)等Your friend es to school very upset.(P1)你的朋友来上学时心很烦。【归纳拓展】(1)be upset about/over/at sth. 为某事烦心be upset to_do sth. 对做某事感到心烦be upset that. 让人不安/心烦(2)upset sb./sth. 使人心烦/打翻某物upset oneself about sth. 为某事而烦恼It upsets sb. that. 让某人心烦的是upset ones stomach 使(肠胃)不适【名师点睛】upset为表语形容词，通常不用作定语。upset的过去式和过去分词形式为upset；其现在分词形式为upsetting。【语境助记】She was upset to_know that her application for the position was refused.得知她对这个职位的申请遭到拒绝，她感到很沮丧。Dont upset yourself about itlets just forget it ever happened.不要为那件事烦恼咱们就只当它没发生过。It_upsets_him that nobody had bothered to tell him about the news.让他不高兴的是没有人把这个消息告诉他。He arrived an hour late and upset_all_our_arrangements.他迟到了一个小时，把我们的一切安排都打乱了。The flies kept upsetting Xiao Li when he was doing his homework. He was so upset that he upset the cup on the desk.小李做作业的时候，几只苍蝇一直打扰他。他非常心烦意乱，结果打翻了桌子上的杯子。例2、calm vt. & vi.(使)平静；(使)镇定 adj.平静的；镇静的；沉着的You will ignore the bell and go somewhere quiet to calm your friend down.(P1)你将不理会上课铃声，去一个安静的地方让你的朋友平静下来。【归纳拓展】【语境助记】He took a few deep breaths to calm_himself_down.他深深地吸了几口气，使自己平静下来。Its important to keep/remain/stay_calm in an emergency.情况紧急的时候，保持镇静是重要的。“Ill call the doctor，” he said_calmly.“我去请医生。”他镇定地说。【易混辨析】calm平静的，沉着的；指无风浪或人的心情不激动quiet宁静的，安静的；指没有声音、不吵闹或心里没有烦恼、焦虑silent寂静的，沉默的；指不说话或没有声音still静止的，不动的；指(人体等)无运动的When facing danger, one should keep calm;_when taken photos, one should keep still;_when someone else is asleep, one should keep quiet;_in class, one shouldnt keep silent about the teachers questions.当面对危险时，要保持冷静；照像时，要保持不动；其他人睡觉时要保持安静；而在课上，不应该对老师的问题保持沉默。例3、concern vt.(使)担忧；涉及；关系到 n担心；关注；(利害)关系Tell your friend that you are concerned about him/her and you will meet after class and talk then.(P1)告诉你的朋友你很关心他(她)，下课后你们会见面交谈。【归纳拓展】(1)concern oneself about/with对表示关心(2)concerned adj.担心的；关注的be concerned about/for sth.担心；关心be concerned with与有关；涉及as/so far as.be concerned 就而言；依之见(3)concerning prep.有关；关于【名师点睛】 concerned作形容词充当前置定语时，意为“关心的，挂念的，担心的”；如果要表示“相关的，有关的”，作定语要后置。例如：a concerned look关切的神色；the authorities concerned有关当局。【语境助记】2016全国卷Others are concerned about/for using gardening methods that require less water and fewer fertilizers.其他人都关注用水和肥料较少的园艺方法。This chapter concerns itself with the historical background.本章旨在讲述历史背景。He asked several questions concerning the future of the pany.他问了几个有关公司前途的问题。As_far_as_Im_concerned,_it can also be a sharing experience when the same book is being appreciated.就我个人而言，赏读同一本书也是一次共同分享的经历。【联想】 as/so far as sb. be concerned的同义表达：in ones opinion/viewfrom ones point of viewpersonally (speaking)例4、suffer vt.& vi.遭受；忍受；经历She suffered from loneliness, but she had to learn to like it there.(P4)她受到了孤独的折磨，但她得学会喜欢住在那里。【归纳拓展】 (1)suffer pain/defeat/loss/poverty/hunger/hardship遭受痛苦/失败/损失/贫穷/饥饿/苦难suffer from.受折磨，受之苦；患病(2)suffering n. U(指肉体或精神上遭受的)痛苦，疼痛，困难 C痛苦，苦恼的事sufferer n. 患病者；受苦者；受难者【语境助记】She suffered a lot of defeats at the previous track meets.在以前的田径比赛中，她遭受了很多的失败。Many panies are suffering_from a shortage of skilled staff.许多公司苦于缺乏熟练员工。The old man is said to have gone through varieties of sufferings during the war.据说这位老人在战争期间经历了各种痛苦。She received many letters of support from fellow sufferers.她收到了许多有过共同遭遇的人的支持的信件。例5、recover vt.& vi.痊愈；恢复；重新获得How can Linda recover from her illness in this room when its so dirty and dusty？(P4)在这样脏的、布满灰尘的房间里，琳达的病怎么会好呢？【归纳拓展】(1)recover sth.找回某物；恢复(能力、健康等)recover from sth.从中恢复recover oneself恢复知觉；重新控制(2)recovery n恢复健康；重新获得make a recovery from. 从中恢复【语境助记】The police eventually recovered the stolen paintings stored in the Palace Museum.警方最终追回了储藏在故宫博物院被盗的油画。He is still recovering from his operation.手术后，他仍在恢复之中。She seemed upset but quickly recovered_herself.她显得心烦意乱，但很快就静下心来了。He made a quick recovery_from his illness and was soon back at work.他生病后康复得很快，不久就去上班了。高频考点二、短语冲关例1、add up 合计；加起来Add up your score and see how many points you get.(P1)把你的分数加起来看看能得多少分。【归纳拓展】(1)add sth. to sth.把加到/进里add up_to加起来共计/达(不用于被动语态)add to增加；增添(2)add that.补充说(3)addition n. 加；(数)加法；增加in addition另外；此外(还有)in addition to 除之外【语境助记】Add_up all the money I owe you.把我欠你的钱都加在一起。Please add_some_sugar_to the milk to make it more delicious.请在牛奶里加些糖使牛奶更美味。The heavy rain added_to the difficulty in rescuing the buried people.大雨增加了营救被埋人员的困难。The official expressed great concern over the food safety, adding_that the government would take more measures to prevent such a case happening again.这位官员表达了对食品安全的极大关心，补充说政府将会采取更多措施阻止这样的事情再次发生。In_addition_to these arrangements, extra ambulances will be on duty until midnight.除了这些安排外，另增救护车将会值班至午夜。例2、go through 经历；完成；仔细检查；通过Or are you afraid that your friend would laugh at you, or would not understand what you are going through？(P2)或者害怕你的朋友嘲笑你，或者不理解你正经历的事情？【归纳拓展】【语境助记】Id be very grateful if you could take some time to go_through my resume and make necessary changes.如果你能花时间仔细看看我的简历并作出一些必要的修改的话，我将会非常感激。写出下列句子中go through的含义aNot until he went through real hardship did he realize the love we have for our families is important.经历bI always start the day by going through my mail.仔细检查cThe boy went through two whole loaves of bread.用光；耗尽dWe went through two caves, an extremely unusual part of the journey.通过；穿过用适当的介词或副词填空aThe country has gone through too many wars since the ancient times.bThings will get easier as time goes by.cGo over your work before you hand it in.dYou shouldnt buy houses because their price is going up. eHuman beings shouldnt go against nature to live.例3、get along/on with 与(某人)相处；(某事)进展(如何)Im getting along well with a boy in my class.(P6)我跟我们班的一个男生相处得很好。【归纳拓展】get across 讲明白；被理解get away_with 做坏事而不受罚get over 克服get into 进入；染上get down_to 开始认真做get through (电话)接通；用完；通过【语境助记】As an outgoing girl, I get_along_well_with my classmates.作为一个开朗的女孩，我与同学们相处得很融洽。Believe in yourself and you will get_over the difficulty.相信你自己，你会克服困难的。Hes not very good at getting his idea across.他不太善于清楚地表达自己的思想。The headmaster wouldnt have students getting_away_with cheating in the exam.校长绝不允许学生考试中作弊而不受惩罚。Its time I got_down_to thinking about that essay.我该认真思考一下那篇论文了。Dont let yourself get_into bad habits.不要让你自己染上坏习惯了。例4、set down 记下；放下；登记I dont want to set down a series of facts in a diary as most people do, but I want this diary itself to be my friend, and I shall call my friend Kitty.(P2)我不愿像大多数人那样在日记中记流水账。我要把这本日记当作我的朋友，我要把这个朋友称作基蒂。【归纳拓展】【语境助记】2016全国卷We can set_out early so that well have more time to read and select books.我们可以早动身，这样我们就会有更多时间来阅读和挑选书了。She tries to set_aside some money every month.她每个月都尽量存点钱。A gang of boys were setting_off fireworks in the street.一帮男孩正在街上放烟火。From a longterm point of view, it is time for us to set_about solving this problem.从长远看，到了我们着手解决这个问题的时候了。The police set_up roadblocks on routes out of the city.警察在城外的路上设置了路障。Please set your feelings down on paper.请把你的感想写在纸上。高频考点三、句型冲关例1、While_walking_the_dog,_you were careless and it got loose and was hit by a car.(P1)遛狗时你不小心把狗松开了，狗被汽车撞了。【归纳拓展】句中while walking the dog是一个省略句，补全后为：while you were walking the dog。省略句的条件when, while, before, after, unless, if, as if等引导的状语从句中的主语与主句主语一致或从句主语为it状语从句谓语中含有be动词省略句的形式省略从句中的主语和be动词【名师点睛】解答该考点的题时，主要判断所考动词与句子主语之间的逻辑关系，它们是主动关系时，通常填doing形式；它们是被动关系时，通常填done形式。【语境助记】When (you_are)_buying fish, you should first smell it.在买鱼的时候，你应该先闻一闻。She gave me a forting smile, nodded while (she was) listening patiently, and then printed out the ticket immediately.她安慰地朝我笑了笑，耐心地边听我说边点头，然后很快地打印出了机票。Firstly, people may feel forced when (they are) asked to do things that they dont want to.首先，人们在被要求做他们不想做的事情时会有压力感。If (it_is)_possible,_Ill go to see my grandparents this weekend.如果可能的话，这周末我要去看我的祖父母。例2、I wonder if its_because I havent been able to be outdoors for so long that Ive grown so crazy about everything to do with nature.(P2)我不知道这是否是因为我长久无法出门的缘故，我变得对一切与大自然有关的事物都无比狂热。【归纳拓展】强调句型的结构基本句式It is/was被强调部分that/who句子其他成分一般疑问句Is/Was it被强调部分that/who句子其他成分？特殊疑问句特殊疑问词is/was itthat句子其他成分？not.until句型的强调句It is/was not until被强调部分that句子其他成分【名师点睛】在考查强调句型结构时，经常与其他从句混合考查，因此要分析句型结构，判断是否是强调句型中的that之后再确认答案。例如：It is on the farm where we worked together that we got to know each other.分析：第一个黑体字处考查定语从句的连接词where，修饰farm，在从句中作状语，考生会误以为此处填that；其实第二个黑体字处才是强调句型中的that。【语境助记】You are waiting at a wrong place. It_is at the hotel that the coach picks up tourists.你在一个错误的地方等待。大客车是在旅店接游客的。It_was when we were returning home that I realized what a good feeling it was to have helped someone in trouble.当我们返回家的时候，我才意识到帮助身处困境的人的感觉真好。It_was not until near the end of the letter that she mentioned her own plan.直到信的末尾，她才提到她自己的计划。People all over the world wondered what it_was_that resulted in the terrible accident.全世界的人们都想知道是什么导致这次可怕的意外事故。3.it_was_the_first_time in a year and a half that Id seen the night face to face.(P2) 这是我一年半以来第一次面对面地凝望这个夜晚【名师点睛】It is (high/about) time (that).与以上句型有相似之处，但从句中谓语动词的形式不同。It is (high/about) time that 从句谓语用did或should do。例如：Its high time that we should make full use of every minute to learn English.Its high time that we made full use of every minute to learn English.【语境助记】That was the first time that Dad had_counted/depended/relied on me in a moment of emergency.那是父亲第一次在紧急时刻依靠我。Its about time you cleaned_your_room.你该打扫自己的房间了。高频考点四、语法冲关直接引语和间接引语().陈述句的间接引语 直接引语是陈述句，在变为间接引语时，多数情况下都构成一个由that 引导的宾语从句(口语中that可以省去)，引述动词通常是say，tell等。与此同时，间接引语中的人称、时态和其他方面也要相应地有所变化。She said to her son, “Ill check your homework tonight.”She said to her son that she would check his homework that night.疑问句的间接引语1一般疑问句和反意疑问句一般疑问句改为间接引语时，要用陈述语序，并要加连词if或whether，其主句动词常用ask, wonder, want to know, didnt know等。句末用句号。My teacher asked me，“Do you like American country music？”My teacher asked if/whether I liked American country music.2否定的一般疑问句和选择疑问句如果直接引语为否定的一般疑问句或选择疑问句时，用whether.or连接。She said，“Dont you know my telephone number？”She asked me whether I knew her telephone number or not. 【2018全国I】阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。A Washington, D.C. Bicycle ToursCherry Blossom Bike Tour in Washington, D.C.Duration TourThis small group bike tour is a fantastic way to see a world-famous cherry trees with beautiful flowers of Washington, D.C. Your guide will provide a history lesson about the trees and the famous monuments where they blossom. Reserve your spot before availability the cherry blossomsdisappear!Washington Capital Monuments Bicycle TourDuration:3 hours (4 miles)Join a guided bike tour and view some of the most popular monuments in Washington, D.C. Explore the monuments and memorials on the National Mall as your guide shares unique facts and history at each stop. Guided tour includes bike, helmet, cookies and bottled water Capital City Bike Tour In Washington, D.C.Duration:3 hours Morning or Afternoon, this bike tour is the perfect tour for D. C. newers and locals looking to experience Washington, D.C. in a healthy way with minimum effort. Knowledgeable guides will entertain you with the most ,interesting stories about Presidents, Congress, memorials, and parks. fortable bikes and a smooth tour route(路线）make cycling between the sites fun and relaxing.Washington Capital Sites at Night Bicycle Tour Duration:3 hours(7miles)Join a small group bike tour for an evening of exploration in the heart of Washington, D.C. Get up close to the monuments and memorials as your bike the sites of Capitol Hill and the National Mall. Frequent stops are made for photo taking as your guide offers unique facts and history. Tour includes bike, helmet, and bottled water. All riders are equipped with reflective vests and safety lights.21. Which tour do you need to book in advance?A. Cherry Blossom like Tour in Washington, D.C.B. Washington capital Monuments Bicycle Tour.C. Capital City Bike Tour in Washington, D. C.D. Washington Capital Sites at Night Bicycle Tour.22. What will you do on the Capital City Bike Tour?A. Meet famous people. B. Go to a national park.C. Visit well-known museums. D. Enjoy interesting stories.23. Which of the following does the bicycle tour at night provide?A. City maps. B. Cameras.C. Meals D. Safety lights【答案】21. A 22. D 23. D【解析】本文是一篇广告应用文。文章介绍了骑自行车到Washington, D.C.旅游的四中路线的相关行程及注意事项。 23. 细节理解题。根据文章Washington Capital Sites at Night Bicycle Tour中的All riders are equipped with reflective vests and safety lights.可知，所有骑行者都要装备反光背心和安全手电筒。故选D。BGood Morning Britains Susanna Reid is used to grilling guests on the sofa every morning, but she is cooking up a storm in her latest role showing families how to prepare delicious and nutritious meals on a tight budget.In Save Money: Good Food, she visits a different home each week and with the help of chef Matt Tebbutt offers top tips on how to reduce food waste, while preparing recipes for under 5 per family a day. And the Good Morning Britain presenter says shes been able to put a lot of what shes leant into practice in her own home, preparing meals for sons, Sam,14, Finn,13, and Jack, 11.We love Mexican churros, so I buy them on my phone from my local Mexican takeaway restaurant, she explains. I pay 5 for a portion(一份), but Matt makes them for 26p a portion, because they are flour, water, sugar and oil. Everybody can buy takeaway food, but sometimes were not aware how cheaply we can make this food ourselves. The eight-part series(系列节自), Save Money: Good Food, follows in the footsteps of ITVs Save Money: Good Health, which gave viewers advice on how to get value from the vast range of health products on the market.With food our biggest weekly household expense, Susanna and Matt spend time with a different family each week. In tonights Easter special they e to the aid of a family in need of some delicious inspiration on a budget. The team transforms the familys long weekend of celebration with less expensive but still tasty recipes.24. What do we know about Susanna Reid? A. She enjoys embarrassing her guests. B. She has started a new programme.C. She dislikes working early in the morning. D. She has had a light budget for her family.25. How does Matt Tebbutt help Susanna?A. He buys cooking materials for her. B. He prepares food for her kids.C. He assists her in cooking matters. D. He invites guest families for her.26. What does the author intend to do in paragraph 4?A. Summarize the previous paragraphs. B. Provide some advice for the readers.C. Add some background information. D. Introduce a new topic for discussion.27. What can be a suitable title for the text?A. Keeping Fit by Eating Smart B. Balancing Our Daily DietC. Making yourself a Perfect Chef D. Cooking Well for Less【答案】24. B 25. C 26. C 27. D【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一档英国系列电视节目，给观众介绍如何减少食物浪费以及如何以较少的预算做出美味佳肴。24. 细节理解题。根据文章第一段知道Good Morning Britains Susanna Reid is used to grilling guests on the sofa every morning, but she is cooking up a storm in her latest role可知，她开辟了一个新的节目。故选B。 26. 写作意图题。根据文章第四段中的which gave viewers advice on how to get value from the vast range of health products on the market.可知，Save Money: Good Food节目是Save Money: Good Health节目之后，给观众一些建议：如何从市场上众多的健康产品中获取价值。也就是给这个节目补充背景信息，故选C。27. 主旨要义题。根据文章的整体内容可知，文章作者一直在讲如何用较少的钱做出好的食物。根据文章中的prepare delicious and nutritious meals on a tight budget.（在资金紧张的情况下，准备可口且有营养的饭菜）；how to reduce food waste, while preparing recipes for under 5 per family a day. 如何减少食物浪费同时花费低于5的一个家庭一整天的食谱；how cheaply we can make this food ourselves. 我们自己做这种食物有多便宜；less expensive but still tasty recipes.不贵但仍然可口的食谱。故D项Cooking Well for Less是最佳标题。 CLanguages have been ing and going for thousands of years, but in recent times there has been less ing and a lot more going. When the the world was still populated by hunter-gatherers,small, tightly knit (联系)groups developed their own patterns of speech independent of each other.Some language experts believe that 10,000 years ago, when the world had just five to ten million people, they spoke perhaps 12,000 languages between them.Soon afterwards, many of those people started settling down to bee farmers, and their languages too became more settled and fewer in number. In recent centres, tr
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