2017专升本英语阅读技巧精讲.ppt

2017专升本英语系列讲座 英语阅读 Acreditcardcanbeuseful 1 Whatdoweknowaboutcreditcardsaccordingtothepassage A Theyaresafetouse B Theareconvenienttouse C Theyareeconomicaltouse D Theyarecomplicatedtouse Test1 2 What stheproblemwithcreditcardsmentionedinParagraphTwo A Theymaybeverypoisonaous B TheymaycarryhamfulinsectsC TheymaycausefinancialtroublesD Theymaygetlosteasily 3 Whathappenstoacreditcarduserifhefailstopayeachmonthaccordingtothepassage A HewillpayabillwithinterestchargedB HewillbedismissedbythecompanyC HewillbechargedasacriminalD Hewillbeaccusedofcheating 4 Thesentence Over10percentofthefamiliesintheUnitedStatesare overextended inParagraphFourprobablymeans A themajorityofAmericanfamilieshavetopayoffdebtswiththeircardsB agreatnumberofAmericanfamilieswillnolongerusecreditcarsC manyAmericanfamilieswillbeoverchargedone tenthofinterestD morethanone tenthofAmericanfamiliesspendmorethantheycanpayoff 5 Fromthepassage wecanconcludethat A WeshouldusecreditcardsaslittleaspossibleB WeshouldusecreditcardsasmuchaspossibleC WeshouldusecreditcardswithgreatcareD Weshouldusecashinsteadofcreditcards Test2 Friendsplayanimportantpartinourlives andalthoughwemaytakethefriendshipforgranted weoftendon tclearlyunderstandhowwemakefriends 1 Accordingtotheauthor A allthosewhogetonwellwitheachotherarefriendsB friendsarecloserthanpeoplewhojustgetonwellwitheachotherC everyoneunderstandclearlyhowtomakefriendsD everystudenthassixfriends 7 2 Whenwemakefriends weconsidersuchthingsasage race andbackground because A itisnoteasytohaveafriendlyrelationshipwithpeoplewhenthereisamarkeddifferenceinageandbackgoundB thedegreeoffriendshipbetweentwopeopleandthereasonfortheirsharedinterestcanvarygreatlyC friendsneedtoknowallthesethingsD thesearethemostimportantfactorstomakefriends 8 3 WhichofthefollowingisNOTimpliedinthepassage A Evenfriendsmayhavedifferencesofopinion B FriendsneverarguewitheachotherC Itgenerallytaketimeforpeopletobecomeclosefriends D Someone shabitsmayannoyhisfriends 9 4 Tostrengthenfriendlyrelationship people A mustholdfriendshipceremoniesB havetoeliminatedifferencesinbackgroundC shouldmakefriendswiththosewhoareofthesameageandofthesameraceD shouldsupportandunderstandeachotherthroughsharedexperiencesandemotions 10 Test3 Howcanwegetridofgarbage Doyouhaveenoughenergysourcestomeetourfutureenergyneeds Thesearetwoimportantquestionsthatmanypeopleareaskingtoday 11 1 Whattwoproblemscanmansolvebyburninggarbage A Theshortageofenergyandairpollution B Theshortageofenergyandthelandtoholdgarbage C Airpollutionandtheshortageoffossilfuels D Airpollutionandshortageofthelandtoholdgarbage 12 2 WhichofthefollowingisNOTtheresultofburninggarbage A Thegarbageburnedisturnedintofossilfuels B Theheatproducedisusedtoboilwater C Thesteamproducedisusedtomakeelectricity D Thesteamproducedisusedtoheatbuildings 13 3 Accordingtothepassage whichofthefollowingisNOTtrue A About2millionmetrictonsofgarbageisburnedinFranceeachyear B Inthemodernsociety moreandmoregarbageisproducedeachyear C Usinggarbageisagoodwaytosolvetheproblemofenergyshortage D Burninggarbageisanoldidea 14 4 Accordingtothepassage whichofthefollowingfourgroupsofgabageisreallyforburning A Foodscrapsandmetals B Paperandglass C Metalsandglass D Foodscrapsandpaper 15 5 Whatisthegeneraltoneofthepassage A Optimistic B Indiffernce C Promoting D Anxious 16 Burninggarbagemightbeonekindofenergysource Thismethodcouldalsoreducetheamountofgarbagepilingupontheearth Test4 Cancerisamongthetopkillerdiseasesinoursocietytodayandscientistshavefoundoutthatstresshelpstobringiton Itisworthwhiletoconsider therefore whatarethecausesofstressinourlife andwhetherwecandoanythingaboutthem 2020 2 21 此处添加公司信息 17 1 WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUE A Freedomfromresponsibilitieshelpsrelievestress B Stressisthedirectcauseofcancer C Thecausesofstressareworthyofseriousstudy D Canceristhenumberonekillerinoursocietytoday 2 Accordingtothepassage whichofthefollowingtypesofpeopleismorelikelytosufferfromstress A Peoplewhohavecancer B Peoplewholiketoquarrelwithothers C Peoplewhoselivingstandardislow D Peoplewhohavemoreresponsibilitiesthantheycanhandle 19 3 Judgingfromthecontext theword row inthethirdparagraphmostprobablymeans A anoisyquarrelB averyloudnoiseC aneatlineofthingssidebysideD ajourneyinaboat 20 Peoplewhohaveagoodrowandthenforgetitaredoingtheirhealthmoregoodthanthosewhobottleuptheirfeelings 4 WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedasawaytoreduceourstress A Changingourjobs B Changingourattitudeaboutlittlethingsthatmakeusunhappy C Speakingoutaboutourfrustrations D ReadingtheBible 21 5 Don tletthesungodownuponyourwrath probablymeans A Don tletyourangerlastlongB Don tgetangrywhilethesunisgoingdownC Don tgetangryeasilyaboutlittlethingsD Don twatchthesunsetwhileyouareangry 22 Oftenthelittlethingsthatdisturbusarenotworthanhour sanger TheteachingintheBible Don tletthesungodownuponyourwrath 愤怒 isgoodadvicefromthehealthpointofviewaswellasthereligions 获取词汇量C P D2 获取信息量 Togetthegenearalideainashortertime3 培养良好的阅读习惯 阅读课要解决的三大问题 考试大纲 要求 1 理解主旨和要义 2 理解文中具体信息 3 根据上下文推断生词的词义 4 做出简单判断和推理 5 理解文章的基本结构 6 理解作者的意图 观点和态度 阅读理解命题分类 主旨大意型 事实细节型 词义猜测型 推理判断型 命题类 一 主旨大意型 解题要领 A 干扰项可能属文中某个具体事实或细节 B 干扰项可能属从文中某些 不完全的 事实或细节片面推出的错误结论 C 干扰项可能属非文章事实的主观臆断 D 正确项是根据文章意思全面理解而归纳概括出来的 但不能太笼统 言过其实或以偏概全 一 主旨大意型 常见提问形式 1 Themainideaofthepassageis 2 Whichofthefollowingstatementsbestsummarizestheauthor smainpoint 3 Thisparagraphcenters focuseson 4 Thispassageischieflyconcernedwith 5 Theauthor spurposeinwritingthispassageis 6 Whatisthebesttitleofthepassage 一 主旨大意型 实战演练 Question What sthemainideaofthetext Storytellingcaninfluencethewaypeoplethink B Storytellingisvitaltothegrowthofbusiness C Storytellingisthebestwaytoeducatechildreninschool D Storytellinghelpspeopleunderstandthemselvesandothers 从文中事实片面推出的错误结论X 文中的一个具体细节X 非文章事实的主观臆断X 二 事实细节型 解题要领 难度该题型难度系数值最低并占阅读题 除任务型阅读 总数的50 左右 分析文章中心是论点 事实细节是论据或主要理由 有关细节的问题常对文中某个词语 某句子 某段落等细节及事实进行提问 所提问题一般可直接或间接在文章中找到答案 要领忠实于原文上下文及全篇的逻辑关系 决不能主观臆断 二 事实细节型 常见提问形式 1 WhichofthefollowingisTRUE NotTrue accordingtotheinformationinthepassage 2 Whichofthefollowingismentionedinthepassage 3 Theauthormentionsallthefollowingexcept 4 Inthepassage theauthorstatesthat 5 以when where who what how why howmany much等词引导的疑问句 二 事实细节型 实战演练 Question Whatdidthemotherdowhentheboywantedtogiveup A Sheforcedhimtocontinue B Shepunishedhim C Shegavehimsomemoney D Shechangedherplan Sheinsistedthat assoonasschoolwasover Ishouldstartringingdoorbells sellingmagazines WheneverIsaidno shewouldscoldme 三 词义猜测型 常见提问形式 Theword couldbestbereplacedby 2 Whichofthefollowingistheclosestinmeaningtotheword Inthe paragraph theword means refersto 4 Theunderlinedword istheclosestinmeaningto 三 词义猜测型 解题要领 同义法常在词或短语之间有并列连词and或or 它们连接的两项内容在含义上是接近的或递进的 反义法如hotandcold giveandreceive等 或前句为肯定 后句为否定 词与词之间都起着互为线索的作用 释义法对文章中的生词用定语 从句 表语甚至于用逗号 破折号等标点符号引出并加以解释说明 情景推断法根据上下文情景线索进行猜测 MostwomeninGhana theeducatedandilliterate theurbanandrural theyoungandoldworktoearnanincomeinadditiontomaintainingtheirrolesashousewivesandmothers Theirreputationforeconomicindependence self reliance andhardworkiswellknownandwelldeserved 反义法实战演练 Question Whichofthefollowingisclosestinmeaningtotheunderlinedword illiterate A repeatB reiteratedC uneducatedD sick theeducated theurbanandrural theyoung andold Onenightthewindhowledloudlyinfromoffshore Herushednextdoortothehiredhand ssleepingroomtowakehimup Butthelittlemanrolledoverinbedandsaidfirmly Nosir Enragedbytheresponse themanwantedtofirehimonthespot 情景推断法实战演练 Question Theunderlinedword Enraged mayprobablymean A tobemadeangryB tobemadesurprisedC tobemadedepressedD tobemadehappy 四 推理判断型 解题要领 分析20题中常有6 8题 考查学生由文章的字面信息推出未知信息或隐含信息的能力 根据文章提供的事实和线索 进行逻辑推理 推测作者未提到的事实或某事发生的可能性 作者的倾向或意图 文章的论调等 要领透过现象看本质 判断有据 推论有理 忠实原文 切忌用自己的观点代替作者的本意 全面分析所有相关信息 切忌片面思考 得出片面结论 善于揣摩作者思路 尽可能与作者的思路吻合 四 推理判断型 常见提问形式 1 Itcanbeinferredfromthetextthat 2 Theparagraphfollowing before thepassagewillmostprobablybe 3 Thewriter sattitudeis 4 Theauthorimplied suggested that 5 Wecanconcludefromthepassagethat 6 Whatisthetoneoftheauthor 7 Thepassageisintendedto 8 Wecanlearnfromthetextthat 四 推理判断型 实战演练 Question Whatdowelearnfromthistext A Whatonesaysreflectshowonefeels B Aphasicshavericherfeelingsthanothers C Normalpeopleoftentellliesintheirspeeches D Peoplepooratonethingcanbegoodatanother 1 快速读题 带着问题读文章 有助于有的放矢地去读 并确定正确的答案 阅读理解解题策略 确定题干中的关键词 反映题干的中心信息或能体现题干最大特征的词 时间 数字 专有名词 实义名词 抽象名词 典型的形容词和副词以及主要的动词等 2 正确运用阅读策略 提高阅读效率 包含论点 论据 结论三大要素 通过解释 举例来阐述观点 阅读理解解题策略 运用略读 扫读 跳读等技巧快速阅读 搜寻关键词 主题句 捕捉时空 顺序 情节 人物 观点 并且理清文章脉络 把握语篇实质和文章传达的信息 记叙文 以人物为中心 以时间或空间为线索 按事件的发生 发展 结局展开故事 论述文体 3 关注语篇的连接词 正确理解篇章结构 because although but however anyhow onthecontrary asaresult inaddition generallyspeaking tosummarize that stosay what smore 在上下文中起着让步 转折 对比 列举 递进等作用 掌握这些词汇对于篇章的理解有很大的帮助 阅读理解解题策略 连接词 语篇的逻辑纽带 在句子 段落之间起着承上启下的作用 使句子 段落和篇章保持逻辑上的关系和语义上的连贯 它直接表明了句与句之间的逻辑关系 4 答题时注意正确项和干扰选项的特征 回原文找答案 阅读理解解题策略 正确项 正话反说 肯定句变成双重否定 同义词替换 叙述角度转换而中心意思不变等 干扰项 绝对化 偷换概念 串段现象 无中生有 5 要十分重视第一印象 第一感觉的正确率在80 以上 不要轻易改动 阅读理解解题策略 心理学表明 考生在接触试题时大脑皮层处于高度兴奋状态 对新事物的反应灵敏 容易迅速做出决定 经验表明 检查时 不要按照第一次答题的角度去考虑 应该从另外一个角度去思考 没有充分 足够的理由不要轻易推翻第一次的选择 练兵招术 训练学生分析长句和复杂句的能力 句型结构分析法 第三招 第四招 扩大阅读量和阅读范围