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第二节分类突破一、记叙文(2018全国)During my second year at the city college，I was told that the education department was offering a “free” course，called Thinking Chess，for three credits.I 1 the idea of taking the class because，after all，who doesnt want to 2 a few dollars？More than that，Id always wanted to learn chess.And，even if I werent 3 enough about free credits，news about our 4 was appealing enough to me.He was an international grandmaster，which 5 I would be learning from one of the games 6 .I could hardly wait to 7 him.Maurice Ashley was kind and smart，a former graduate returning to teach，and this 8 was no game for him；he meant business.In his introduction，he made it 9 that our credits would be hard-earned.In order to 10 the class，among other criteria，we had to write a paper on how we plan to 11 what we would learn in class to our future professions and， 12 ，to our lives.I managed to get an A in that 13 and learned life lessons that have served me well beyond the 14 .Ten years after my chess class with Ashley，Im still putting to use what he 15 me：“The absolute most important 16 that you learn when you play chess is how to make good 17 .On every single move you have to 18 a situation，process what your opponent(对手) is doing and 19 the best move from among all your options.” These words still ring true today in my 20 as a journalist.1.A.put forward B.jumped atC.tried out D.turned down答案B解析根据上文中的“offering a free course，called Thinking Chess，for three credits”以及下文中的“Id always wanted to learn chess”可知，参加国际象棋课程是免费的并且可以获得三个学分，而且“我”一直想学国际象棋，由此可知，“我”迫不及待地接受(jump at)了这个主意。put forward提出；try out试验；turn down拒绝。2.A.waste B.earnC.save D.pay答案C解析联系上文中的“a free course”可知，这是免费的课程，因此可以节省(save)几美元。3.A.excited B.worriedC.moved D.tired答案A解析联系下文中的“appealing enough to me”可知，即使免费获得学分这件事不足以让“我”兴奋(excited)，也有其他事情对“我”有足够的吸引力。4.A.title B.petitorC.textbook D.instructor答案D解析联系下文中的“He was an international grandmaster(他是一位国际象棋大师)”可知，国际象棋课程的导师(instructor)足以吸引“我”。title标题；petitor对手；textbook课本。5.A.urged B.demandedC.held D.meant答案D解析国际象棋课程的导师是国际象棋大师，这就意味着(mean)“我”将跟随下国际象棋最好的人之一学习。urge强烈要求；demand(坚决)要求；hold持有。6.A.fastest B.easiestC.best D.rarest答案C解析联系上文中的“international grandmaster”可知，他是下国际象棋最好的(best)人之一。7.A.interview B.meetC.challenge D.beat答案B解析联系上文可知，国际象棋课程的导师吸引着“我”，所以“我”迫不及待地想见到(meet)他。interview采访，面试；challenge挑战；beat击败。8.A.chance B.qualificationC.honor D.job答案D解析联系空后的“was no game for him；he meant business”可知，这项工作(job)对他而言不是游戏，而是正经职业。chance机会；qualification资格；honor荣誉。9.A.real B.perfectC.clear D.possible答案C解析联系空后的“that our credits would be hard-earned”可知，他向我们明确表示(make it clear that)这门课程的学分很难获得。10.A.attend B.passC.skip D.observe答案B解析由上文中的“our credits would be hard-earned”及下文中的“among other criteria，we had to write a paper”可知，此处指为了通过(pass)这门课程，除了其他标准，“我们”还要写一篇论文。attend参加；skip跳过；observe观察。11.A.add B.exposeC.apply D.pare答案C解析联系空后的“to our future professions”可知，“我们”的论文是关于“我们”打算如何将所学的东西应用(apply)到未来的职业中的。apply.to.将应用到，符合语境。add.to.向添加；expose.to.使暴露在；pare.to.把比作。12.A.eventually B.naturallyC.directly D.normally答案A解析联系空后的“to our lives”可知，最终(eventually)要应用到“我们”的生活中。naturally自然地；directly直接地；normally正常地。13.A.game B.presentationC.course D.experiment 答案C解析联系空前的“I managed to get an A”可知，“我”在国际象棋课程(course)上获得了A。game游戏；presentation报告；experiment实验。14.A.criterion B.classroomC.department D.situation答案B解析联系空前的“life lessons that have served me well”可知，“我”从中学到了课堂(classroom)之外的生活课程。criterion标准；department部门；situation状况。15.A.taught B.wroteC.questioned D.promised 答案A解析分析语境可知，引号中的内容是导师说的话，也就是他教(teach)“我”的东西。write写；question询问；promise答应。16.A.fact B.stepC.manner D.skill答案D解析联系空后的“you learn when you play chess is how to make good ”可知，这里是指学到的最重要的技能(skill)。17.A.grades B.decisionsC.impressions D.ments答案B解析联系下文中的“the best move from among all your options”可知，这里指做出正确的决定(decision)。grade分数；impression印象；ment评论。18.A.analyze B.describeC.rebuild D.control答案A解析联系空后的“a situation，process what your opponent(对手) is doing”可知，这里指分析(analyze)形势。describe描述；rebuild重建；control控制。19.A.announce B.signalC.block D.evaluate答案D解析联系空后的“the best move from among all your options”可知，要从你所有的选择中评估(evaluate)出最好的一步。announce宣布；signal示意；block堵住。20.A.role B.desireC.concern D.behavior答案A解析联系空后的“as a journalist”可知，今天这些话对于“我”作为记者的角色(role)仍然是真实有用的。desire渴望；concern担心；behavior举止。一、题型解读记叙文完形填空可分为叙事和记人两种形式，它们有几个显著的特点：以一般过去时为主，其他时态为辅；大量使用动词；适当出现直接引语。二、解题技巧1.抓住文章中心。 中心思想是文章的灵魂和统帅，其他的写作要素都紧紧围绕这一中心进行。 抓住中心有助于明确做题方向，提高针对性。2.明确叙述角度。 通常记叙文有两大叙述角度：第一人物和第三人称。 第一人称就是从“自我参与”的角度进行叙述，考生可从字里行间读出作者对人物、事件或景色的情感态度。 第三人称就是从“旁观者”的角度客观地记人、叙事、状物。 在做题时考生可采用“角色渗透法”，即假设自己就是文中的角色会有什么感受、做出怎样的选择等，这样有助于走进作者的思维，深入理解文章的含义。3.理清写作顺序。 根据写作的需要作者往往采用顺叙、倒叙或插叙等方法进行叙述。 理清这些线索有助于了解事情发展的来龙去脉，从而更迅速、准确地理解文意。4.明确写作要素。 包括事情发生的时间(when)、地点(where)、事件的内容(what)、人物(who)、原因(why)等。 弄清了这些要素也就基本上抓住了文章的主体，理解了整篇文章。5.洞悉写作目的。 同学们要知道就事论事绝不是记叙文的最终目的，而最终目的是借助叙事来阐明一个道理，给人以启迪或教益。 因此，只有在分析具体情节的基础上认真体会文字背后的东西，才能洞悉作者的写作目的，抓住文章的主题。 (2018河西区三模)“This Friday well have the yearly Egg Drop Challenge，” said our science teacher，Mr Smith.“You can work alone or with a partner.”My friend，Jenny，and I smiled at each other.We always worked on projects 1 .The 2 of the challenge was simpleto build a protective container to keep an egg from breaking when 3 the stadium wall.I made my sandwich that afternoon while waiting for Jenny. 4 the butter-cream gave me an idea.“I have a brilliant design for our 5 container！” I said when Jenny arrived.“We can 6 the egg with some butter-cream.”“Why not put the egg in a basket with a parachute(降落伞) 7 ？” Jenny rolled her eyes.“The parachute is better than that stupid idea.”I couldnt believe it.Of course wed had our little 8 in the past，but shed never called any of my ideas “ 9 ” before.“Then Ill build mine and you build yours！” 10 words had been out，our friendship was challenged.When Friday finally arrived，I had to 11 Jennys Egg Force One looked pretty good. 12 ，my Egg-cellent Egg Cream didnt look quite scientific.We kids carried our containers up three stadium steps and dropped them over the side wall.Those whose eggs broke were out；those whose eggs survived 13 three more steps and dropped them again.This would go on till the last egg broke.After four rounds，only Jenny and I were 14 .I let go of my box.I heard someone say “ew” after seconds.Had my egg broken? I raced down the 15 .The sidewalk was dotted with egg shells(蛋壳) from those 16 drops.Finally I found my little Egg-cellent Egg Cream.“That looks like egg drop soup，Laura，” Jenny said.She was holding her Egg Force One.My 17 raced.Had she won? I looked at her basket. 18 .“My egg bounced 19 ，” she explained，pointing to a broken shell.“A tie(平局)，” Mr Smith said.Jenny looked at me，and her glare 20 .I laughed.She smiled.1.A.patiently B.silentlyC.together D.alone答案C解析根据第一段内容可知，可以单人和两人合作参赛，通过“friend”“smile”以及后文得知，她们总是一起完成项目。2.A.function B.goalC.reason D.result答案B解析根据“The of the challenge was simpleto build a protective container to keep an egg from breaking”可知，制作一个防护器皿来保护鸡蛋在从运动场墙壁上掉下来的时候不被打碎是挑战的目标。3.A.rolled down B.pushed againstC.thrown at D.dropped over答案D解析参考上题解析。roll down滚下；push against推；throw at向扔去。后文提到drop，说明是自然落下。4.A.Spreading B.BoilingC.Baking D.Holding答案A解析给三明治涂黄油给了我启发。spread在这里是“涂抹”的意思。5.A.butter B.sandwichC.cream D.egg答案D解析对于我们的鸡蛋保护器皿，我有个不错的想法。6.A.protect B.replaceC.carry D.mix答案A解析protect sth. with sth. 用某物保护某物，此处指用黄油保护鸡蛋。7.A.followed B.coveredC.attached D.supported答案C解析此处指降落伞被系在篮子上。attach系上；follow跟随；cover覆盖；support支撑。8.A.ideas B.fightsC.worries D.challenges答案B解析根据“Of course wed had our little in the past”可知，我们之间有过争吵。9.A.wrong B.stupidC.brilliant D.scientific答案B解析根据上文中的“The parachute is better than that stupid idea.”可知，我不敢相信她所说的，当然我们之间有过争吵，但我的朋友也从来没有说过我的想法愚蠢。10.A.Since B.WhileC.But D.And答案A解析根据上文中的“Then Ill build mine and you build yours！”可知，既然话已经说出了口，我们的友谊面临挑战。11.A.explain B.denyC.admit D.prove答案C解析根据后面的“looked pretty good”可知，我不得不承认詹妮的道具很不错。admit承认。12.A.Therefore B.AnywayC.Besides D.Thus答案B解析不管怎么说(anyway)，我的道具不怎么科学。13.A.paced down B.turned aroundC.walked up D.went back答案C解析鸡蛋没被打碎的选手将再上(walk up)三个阶梯然后再让鸡蛋掉下来，直到最后一个鸡蛋被摔碎。14.A.left B.wantedC.chosen D.discovered答案A解析根据后文可知，经过四轮之后，只有我和詹妮留下来(leave)了。15.A.steps B.wayC.wall D.sidewalk答案A解析根据前文可知，我跑下台阶(step)去看我的鸡蛋是否被摔碎。16.A.intended B.unexpectedC.failed D.desired答案C解析句意为：人行道上散布着因失败而跌落下来摔碎的蛋壳。17.A.eyes B.handsC.feet D.heart答案D解析因为看到朋友詹妮得意洋洋，我怀疑她是不是赢了，所以心跳加速。18.A.Lost B.DirtyC.Broken D.Empty答案D解析根据后面“她指了指破碎的蛋壳”可知，她的篮子是空的(empty)。19.A.around B.outC.in D.down答案B解析bounce out跳出，为固定短语。20.A.returned B.remainedC.increased D.softened答案D解析根据文章最后“I laughed.She smiled.”可知，她的目光变得柔和(soften)起来。题型组合练(一).单项填空1.Ted couldnt remember the exact date of the storm，but he knew it was Sunday because everybody was at church.A./；the B.a；/C./；a D.the；/答案B解析第一空填a，表示不确定的某个星期天；第二空不填，at church做礼拜。句意为：特德记不得风暴的具体日期了，只记得是个星期天，因为每个人都在做礼拜。故选B。2.The pany and the effect brought about did great good to our business in the market.A.it B.which C.that D.what答案A解析句中的it代指the pany，it brought about为定语从句，先行词the effect作brought about的宾语，故其后省略了关系词which或that。句意为：这家公司及其所带来的影响对我们在市场上的业务有很大的好处。故选A。3.Nowadays，more and more young ladies， figures most are fine enough，are going on a diet.A.who B.whoseC.of whose D.of whom答案C解析句中先行词ladies在非限定性定语从句中作figures的定语，故用whose。再根据most表示“大部分”，后接介词of表示范围，相当于most of young ladies figures。句意为：如今，越来越多的年轻女士都在节食，其中大多数身材都不错。故选C。4.The artist is said during the production and thus a pirated video was sold in every part of Kenya.A.to be cheatedB.being cheatedC.to have been cheatedD.having been cheated答案C解析“sb. be said to do”表示“据说某人”，再根据后句“and thus a pirated video was sold in every part of Kenya”可知事情已经发生，故用不定式的完成式。句意为：据说这位艺术家在制片过程中被人骗了，因此在肯尼亚的每一个地方都有盗版光碟出售。故选C。5. ，I believe，and you will find Tom is outgoing.A.Having a talk with the studentB.One talk with the studentC.Given a talk with the studentD.If you have a talk with the student答案B解析句意为：和这位学生谈一谈，我相信你会发现汤姆非常友好。本题是“祈使句and陈述句”结构，前面的祈使句也可以是名词(短语)。故选B。6. at the back of the room was a shy girl with two big eyes.A.Sat B.SitC.Seating D.Seated答案D解析本句是一个倒装句，seated为形容词作表语。句意为：在房间的后面坐着一个害羞的女孩，她有两只大眼睛。故选D。7. if I had arrived yesterday without letting you know beforehand?A.Would you be surprisedB.Were you surprisedC.Had you been surprisedD.Would you have been surprised答案D解析本句考查if引导的虚拟条件句。从句是对过去的虚拟，用过去完成时，主句是对将来的假设，用wouldhave done。句意为：如果昨天没有事先让你知道我到了，你会惊讶吗？故选D。8.It is not socially for parents to leave children unattended at that age.A.accessible B.adorableC.adaptable D.acceptable答案D解析句意为：让那个年龄的孩子无人照看，父母会受到社会指责的。acceptable可以接受的；accessible可以接触到的；adorable迷人的，可爱的；adaptable有适应力的。9.She had experienced many hardships the journeys，but she was amazed at the sight of the beautiful scene.A.in view of B.in terms ofC.in case of D.in the course of答案D解析句意为：在旅途的过程中她经历了许多困难，但是在看见美景的时候，她很惊奇。in the course of在这里意为“在过程中”，符合题意。in view of鉴于，考虑到；in terms of根据，就而言；in case of万一，如果。10.The introduction of modern technique from abroad makes it necessary for skilled workers to unskilled workers.A.take place B.take overC.take down D.take the place of答案D解析take place发生；take over接管；take down记下；take the place of取代。根据句意可知选D。11.That was not the first time he us.I think its high time we strong action against him.A.betrayed；takeB.had betrayed；tookC.has betrayed；tookD.has betrayed；take答案B解析根据时间状语the first time可知，从句中应使用完成时态；句中使用的是“That was.”，故应使用过去完成时。在固定搭配its (high/about) time.中，从句应使用一般过去时表示虚拟语气。句意为：那不是他第一次背叛我们了。我认为我们是时候该对他采取强硬措施了。故选B。12.The countrys chief exports are coal，cars and cotton goods，cars the most important of these.A.have been B.areC.being D.are being答案C解析英语中两个简单句之间一般不能只用“，”隔开。此句中，分词结构being the most important of these有自己的逻辑主语，即cars，此部分在主句中充当状语，起到对主句进行补充说明的作用。句意为：该国的主要出口产品是煤、汽车和棉花制品，汽车是其中最重要的。故选C。13.His strong sense of humor was make everyone in the room burst out laughing.A.so as to B.such as toC.so that D.such that答案B解析因为such that, so that 后只能接从句。而该题在be动词后应是表语，such这里作表语，不定式前面的as跟such搭配，说明such的程度达到了某种结果，不定式作结果状语。句意为：他如此幽默，全屋的人都被他逗乐了。故选B。14.Hes as a “bellyacher” hes always plaining about something.A.who is knownB.whom is knownC.what is knownD.which is known答案C解析who的先行词一般是人，在定语从句中充当主语或者宾语；whom为who的宾格形式，在定语从句中充当宾语；what在表语从句中充当宾语或表语或主语，也可以用来充当两种成分；which的先行词通常是物或者事，在定语从句中充当主语。句意为：他作为一个满腹牢骚者而出名他总是在抱怨一些事情。此处的空格充当了主句的表语也充当了从句的主语两种成分，故填what。故选C。15.A hurricane swept through my village.Just as we were beginning to lose hope，it suddenly stopped.It is really “ ”.A.Alls well that ends wellB.Lightning never strikes twice in the same placeC.It never rains but it poursD.A friend in need is a friend indeed答案A解析Alls well that ends well皆大欢喜；Lightning never strikes twice in the same place福无双至；It never rains but it pours祸不单行；A friend in need is a friend indeed患难见真情。句意为：飓风席卷了我的村庄。就在我们开始失去希望的时候它突然停了。真是皆大欢喜。故选A。.完形填空(2018贵州贵阳适应性考试一)Once upon a time，there was an old man who spread rumors(谣言) that his neighbor was a thief. 16 ，the neighbor，a young man，was 17 .Several days later the young man was proven 18 .After being released，the young man felt 19 as he walked to his home.Then he charged the old man with 20 accusing him.In 21 ，the old man told the judge，“They were just 22 ，and I hadnt meant to harm anyone.” The judge，before passing 23 on the case，told the old man，“Write all the things you said about him on a piece of 24 .Cut it up and throw the pieces out on the way home. 25 ，e back to know the result.”The next day，the judge told the old man，“Before 26 the sentence，you will have to go out and 27 up all the pieces of the paper that you 28 yesterday”.The old man said，“I cant do that! The wind must have spread them and I wont know where to 29 them.”The judge then replied，“The 30 way，simple ments may destroy the 31 of a man to such an extent(程度) that one is not able to fix it.If you cant speak 32 of someone，dont say anything at all.” The old man realized his mistake and asked for 33 ，but it was too late.As an old saying goes，“If we are not 34 of our mouths，we will be slaves of our words.” So think twice 35 you speak.语篇解读文章通过讲述一位老人乱说邻居是小偷而毁坏了邻居的名声的故事告诉我们：要管住自己的嘴，三思而后行。16.A.After all B.In additionC.As a result D.On the contrary答案C解析after all毕竟；in addition另外；as a result结果；on the contrary相反。一位老人总是散播谣言说邻居(年轻人)是小偷，结果邻居被逮捕。前后句是因果关系。故选C。17.A.arrested B.inspectedC.witnessed D.challenged答案A解析arrest逮捕；inspect检查；witness目击；challenge挑战。根据下句“After being released”可知，此处指年轻人被逮捕了。故选A。18.A.guilty B.innocentC.selfish D.stubborn答案B解析guilty有罪的；innocent无辜的；selfish自私的；stubborn顽固的。根据“being released”可知，年轻人被证明是无辜的，所以被释放了。故选B。19.A.nervous B.excitedC.proud D.shamed答案D解析nervous神经的，紧张不安的；excited兴奋的；proud自豪的；shamed羞耻的。此处指年轻人由于无辜被逮捕，所以被放回来时感到羞耻。根据常识选D。20.A.slightly B.speciallyC.wrongly D.actually答案C解析slightly稍微地；specially特别地；wrongly错误地；actually实际上。此处指年轻人控告老人错误地指控自己，指老人的诬告。故选C。21.A.court B.surpriseC.prison D.peace答案A解析court法院；surprise惊奇；prison监狱；peace和平。根据上文的“charged the old man”和本段“the judge”可知是在法院。故选A。22.A.ments B.factsC.evidence D.questions答案A解析ment评论；fact事实；evidence证据；question问题。此处指老人告诉法官，他说的只是评论，他并没有想伤害谁。由倒数第二段中的“simple ments may destroy the of a man”也是提示。故选A。23.A.explanation B.sentenceC.document D.evaluation答案B解析explanation解释；sentence判决；document文件；evaluation评价。此处指法官在对案件进行判决之前。pass sentence on sth. 对某事进行宣判。故选B。24.A.leaf B.clothC.paper D.wood答案C解析leaf叶子；cloth布；paper纸；wood木材。根据“Write all the things”可知，是写在纸上，下文的“all the pieces of the paper”也给了提示。故选C。25.A.Immediately B.TomorrowC.Next week D.Next year答案B解析immediately立即；tomorrow明天；next week下周；next year明年。根据下句“The next day”可知，法官让老人明天来获知结果。故选B。26.A.giving B.collectingC.receiving D.refusing答案C解析give给；collect收集；receive接受；refuse拒绝。此处指接受判决前，出去把昨天扔掉的所有的碎纸片收集起来。故选C。27.A.gather B.possessC.mix D.select答案A解析gather收集，聚集；possess拥有；mix混合；select挑选。法官让老人把所有的碎纸片收集起来。gather up收集。故选A。28.A.handed out B.left outC.wiped out D.threw out答案D解析hand out分发；leave out忽视；wipe out消灭；throw out扔掉。与上文的“throw the pieces out”呼应，指老人扔掉的碎纸片。故选D。29.A.finish B.readC.make D.find答案D解析finish完成；read阅读；make制造；find寻找。此处指风已经把碎纸片刮走了，不知道去哪里寻找。故选D。30.A.opposite B.simpleC.different D.same答案D解析opposite相反的；simple简单的；different不同的；same相同的。同样地，简单的评论也能破坏一个人的名声。指两件事是相同的道理。故选D。31.A.mind B.bodyC.reputation D.ability答案C解析mind头脑；body身体；reputation名声；ability能力。简单的评论也能破坏一个人的名声，此处指老人说年轻人是小偷，破坏了年轻人的名声。故选C。32.A.ill B.wellC.much D.little答案B解析ill不利地；well好；much非常；little完全不。如果你不能说别人的好话，那就不要说什么。speak well of sb. 称赞某人，说某人的好话。故选B。33.A.forgiveness B.respectC.leave D.relaxation答案A解析forgiveness原谅；respect尊敬；leave休假；relaxation放松。根据空前的“realized his mistake”可知，老人认识到了自己的错误，请求原谅。根据常识选A。34.A.judges B.directorsC.listeners D.masters答案D解析judge法官；director导演；listener听众；master主人。如果我们不能管住自己的嘴，就会成为话语的奴隶。此处指嘴的主人。故选D。35.A.after B.beforeC.while D.unless答案B解析after在之后；before在之前；while当时候；unless除非。此处指三思而后行。故选B。.阅读理解New York City consists of five parts：Manhattan，Brooklyn，Queens，the Bronx and Staten Island.The population is about 7.5 million and there are 1.5 million in Manhattan alone.Manhattan，the center of the city，is on the island between the Hudson River and the East River.Most of the famous buildings such as the Empire State and the United Nations and other skyscrapers are in Manhattan.Some of its districts are：Broadway，which has many theaters and cinemas，Fifth Avenue，with stores and apartments，Greenwich Village，where many artists and writers have lived，and Central Park，with a skating rink(溜冰场).From Manhattan you have to cross to the other parts of New York City through a tunnel or over a bridge.The bridge from Brooklyn to Staten Island is the longest in the world.New York is the second biggest port in the world and it has two airports.The people who live there e from all over the world and speak many different languages.There are 324,000 Germans and 390,000 Poles as well as people from Greece，Scotland，Ireland，Italy and Romania.People call one district “Little Italy” and another “Chinatown”.36.The most important part of New York City is .A.the Hudson RiverB.the East RiverC.the Bronx and Staten IslandD.Manhattan答案D解析细节理解题。根据第二段第一句“Manhattan，the center of the city，is on the island between the Hudson River and the East River.”可知曼哈顿位于市中心，是纽约最重要的部分，即D项正确。A、B只是曼哈顿两侧的河，故可排除；C项只是纽约五大部分中的两个部分，没有信息表明它们是最重要的，故排除。37.The Empire State is .A.a state of the USAB.a countryC.a skyscraperD.a district in New York答案C解析细节理解题。根据第二段第二句“Most of the famous buildings such as the Empire State and the United Nations and other skyscrapers are in Manhattan.”可知帝国大厦是一座著名的摩天大厦，即C项正确。38.If you are going to do some shopping in Manhattan，you will go to .A.Broadway B.Fifth AvenueC.Greenwich Village D.Central Park答案B解析细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Fifth Avenue，with sto
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