2019-2020年高一英语 知识点 B3M4学案（学生版） 外研版.doc

2019-2020年高一英语 知识点 B3M4学案（学生版） 外研版Introduction and Reading &Vocabulary1frightening adj. 吓人的，可怕的(教材原句)It has lasted for ten hours and was very frightening. (1)frightened adj.惊吓的，受惊的，害怕的 be frightened at 受惊吓(2)frighten vt. 使惊吓，害怕frighten sb. into doing sth. 吓唬某人做某事 frighten sb. out of doing sth. 使某人不敢做某事He was frightened at the thought of his huge debts. 他一想到背负的巨额债便胆战心惊。那个受到惊吓的女孩被那条吓人的狗给吓坏了。The girl was by the dog. He frightened the old lady into signing the paper. 他恐吓那位老太太签了字据。What happened, dear? You have a _ look on your face.I saw something very _ just now.Afrightened; frightened Bfrightening; frightening Cfrightening; frightened Dfrightened; frightening3strength n力量；力气I dont have the strength to climb any more. 我没有力气再往上爬了。比较strength, force, energy, powerstrength着重指人的力气，体力force主要指自然界的力量,暴力以及法律、道德或感情的力量；(物理学的)力；军事力量energy主要指人的精力;(物理学的)能,能源power主要指做一件事情所依靠的能力;功能；权力，权势用strength, force, energy和power填空He has got enough to lift the box.Knowledge is .We should put all our into our study.The earthquake in Japan made us realize the of nature.The little boy hasnt the _ to lift that heavy box. Lets go and give him a hand!AexperienceBenergy Cforce Dstrength4process n进程；过程；程序；(自然的)作用 v加工；处理It is a long process to obtain a drivers license in the UK. 在英国取得驾驶执照是一个漫长的过程。How fast does the new puter process the data? 这台新计算机处理数据有多快？拓展in process在进行中 in (the) process of 在过程中；在进行中No Talking. Examination is in process. 不要讲话，考试正在进行。However, a lot of problems emerge _ applying to it.然而，该方法在实际运用过程中出现了许多问题。The supermarket sells many foods that have been _, so it is convenient to feed your stomach.Aproduced Bstored Cprocessed Dcharged5. cut down砍倒；减少，削减(尺寸、数量、数目) (教材原句)Deserts are also created because people cut down trees and dig up grass.A woman who has planted more than 700 trees has been told to cut them down.一位已经种了700多棵树的妇女，被告知要把树砍倒。Cut down the article so as to make it fit the space available on the paper.把文章缩短一些，这样就能排进报纸有限的版面中。cut down on削减；减少 cut in 插嘴 cut off 切断；阻断 cut out 删去；停止cut up切碎By getting the design right, you can cut down on accidents.通过合理设计，你能减少事故。It is impolite for children to cut in when their seniors are talking. 孩子们在他们的长辈谈话时插嘴是不礼貌的。I was cut off on my line to London. 我往伦敦打长途电话时，电话线被切断了。I a paragraph in this article. 我删除了这篇文章的一个段落。I the meat for cooking meatballs. 我把肉剁碎后做肉丸子。Its hard for me to go to sleep.Try to _ the amount of coffee you drink during the day.Acut up Bcut in Ccut off Dcut down6. be caught in 突然遭遇(风暴等)，被困在(风、雨、雪)中(教材原句)To have been caught in a sandstorm was a terrible experience . I wish you had not been caught in the rain yesterday. 但愿昨天你们没有淋到雨。拓展catch hold of抓住，握住 catch ones attention 吸引某人的注意catch up with 跟上，赶上 catch sight of 看见Dont let me catch sight of you doing it again! 别让我再看到你干这种事了！She walked too slowly to us. 她走得太慢，跟不上我们。On the way back, he was _ in a storm and got all wet.Agot Bcaught Cheld Dgrasped7. The storms sometimes continue all day and traffic moves very slowly because the thick dust makes_it_difficult_to_see.makes it difficult to see中的it是形式宾语，difficult是宾语补足语，to see为真正宾语。形式宾语句型的基本结构：主语及物动词it宾语补足语真正的宾语要用好这个常用句型，需要掌握以下几点：(1)能接形式宾语的常见动词：believe，find，feel，make，think，consider，suppose，imagine。 (2)宾语补足语可以是形容词，也可以是名词。(3)真正的宾语可以是不定式短语、动名词短语或从句。I find it difficult to talk to you. 我觉得同你谈话很困难。My sister made it a rule to get up early. 我妹妹把早起作为一个规定。I find it no use like him about it.我发现同像他那样的人谈那事没有用。We all thought that the conference should have been cancelled.会议取消了，我们都感到很遗憾。Listening &Speaking8. concerned adj.关心的；担心的I cant help but feel very concerned. 我禁不住感到很担心。Concerned parents held a meeting. 忧心忡忡的家长们开了一次会。拓展(1)be concerned about/for关心，挂念 be concerned in/with 牵涉到；与有关 so/as far as .be concerned就而言/来说(2)concerning prep. 关于，就来说She is very concerned about her sons study. 她很关心儿子的学习。They showed great anxiety concerning their retirement. 考虑到他们的退休，他们显得十分焦虑。Everyone the car industry will be interested.每一个与汽车工业有关的人都会感兴趣的。 ； Im , this plan is acceptable.在我看来，这项计划是可以接受的。_ about the safety of her son, Johns mother looked upset.AConcerningBConcerned CTo concern DConcernIs your present pension sufficient to cover your cost of living?Enough and to spare. _AI cant plain. BServe me right! CIve had enough of it. DI cant be too particular.9. plain v抱怨；发牢骚He does nothing but plain. 他除了抱怨什么事也没做。A number of people are plaining about the drunk driving at present.目前，许多人都在抱怨酒后驾车行为。拓展 (1)plain to sb. about/of (doing sth.) 因某事向某人发牢骚 plain that 从句 抱怨(2)plaint n U，C 抱怨 make plaints about . 因某事抱怨She plained to her mother that he was bad-tempered.她向她母亲诉苦说他脾气不好。He didnt like the meal so he the manager of the restaurant.他不喜欢这顿饭，所以他向餐馆经理抱怨了一通。10have a bad effect on 对有坏影响 Punishment had very little effect on him. 惩罚对他没有什么效果。have no/some/little/much/a bad (good) effect没有/有些/几乎没有/有很大/有不良(好的)影响。拓展in effect实际上，正在实行，有效 put/bring .into effect使生效/开始使用take /e into effect 生效，起作用Two systems are, in effect, identical.这两种制度实际上一模一样。Some ancient laws are still in effect.有些古时的法律现在仍然有效。The new system will soon be .新系统即将启用。The new seat belt regulations took/came into effect last week. 新的安全带规则上周开始实施。11give out放出；发出；宣称；公布；发表；分发；用完；耗尽；精疲力竭The sun gives out light and heat.太阳发出光和热。Please give out the examination papers.请把试卷发下去。After a month their food supplies gave out. 一个月以后他们的食物储备消耗殆尽。1)give out意为“分发；发表；放出”时是及物动词短语。(2)表示“用尽，用完”时，give out与run out是不及物动词短语，主语常是物，不能用于被动语态；而use up, run out of是及物动词短语，可用于被动语态，主语往往是人。拓展 give away捐赠；分发，颁发(奖品)；泄露(秘密)，露出马脚give back 归还 give in (to)屈服；交上 give sth. off放出(烟、气味等)The flowers gave off a pleasant smell.这些花散发出怡人的香气。He said he hadnt told her, but his face him .他说他没告诉她，可他的脸色出卖了他。After walking in the Shanghai World Expo for a whole day, my legs_ under me and I couldnt walk any farther.Agave up Bgave out Cgave in Dgave away12look through浏览；翻阅；翻找；审核look into 调查；观察 look after 照顾；照看 look on .as . 把看做look down upon/on蔑视，瞧不起I looked up the meaning of the word in my dictionary.我在我的词典中查阅这个词的意思。Police are the disappearance of two children.警察正在调查两个孩子失踪的事。Cultural corner13. The garbage is then taken away and, if_possible,_recycled.(1)句中的if possible为if it is possible的省略形式。当when，while，until，if，unless等引导的状语从句的主语与主句的主语相同(或从句的主语是it)，并且从句中含有be动词时，从句的主语及be动词可省略。Be sure to e often if possible.如果可能，一定要常来。Ask the teacher for help .必要时找老师帮忙。拓展if so如果是这样 if any如果有的话 if ever 通常与seldom连用，表示“极少，难得”if necessary 如果必要的话if not 如果不这样的话(可以看作是一个否定的条件状语从句的省略)I may be free this evening. If so, Ill e round and see you.今晚我可能有空。要是有空我会过来看你。The young man seldom, , goes to visit his parents.这个年轻人难得去看望一下他父母(即使有过，也是极少的)。 ,please call me at home.如果有必要，可往我家里打电话。Grammar一、动词不定式1动词不定式的时态和语态形式时态主动被动一般式to doto be done进行式to be doing完成式to have doneto have been done(1)一般式：表示不定式的动作与谓语动作同时发生或动作发生于谓语动作之后。He seems to understand what I said.他似乎明白我说的话。(2)进行式：表示不定式的动作与谓语动作同时发生且动作正在进行。The two cheats pretended to be working hard.那两个骗子假装在努力工作。(3)完成式：表示不定式动作发生于谓语动作之前。She seems to have seen this film.她似乎已看过这部影片。(4)被动语态：表示不定式与逻辑主语之间的动宾关系。The meeting to be held tomorrow is about how to stop the pollution.明天要举行的会议是关于如何停止污染的。2动词不定式的句法功能不定式的句法功能是作主语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语、主语补足语、定语、状语等。To get there by bike will take us half an hour.我们骑自行车去那里要花半个小时。(主语)When our visit to the farm was over, we expected to start back on foot.当参观农场结束时，我们期望步行返回。(宾语)He asked me to do the work with him.他要求我同他一起做这项工作。(宾补)I was asked to help him with his lessons.我被请求帮他学功课。(主语补足语)Some scientists went to Germany to attend a medical conference.一些科学家去德国参加医学大会。(目的状语)To tell the truth, I dont agree with you.说实话，我不同意你。(独立成分)考题印证1 (xx山东高考)George returned after the war, only _ that his wife had left him. Ato be toldBtelling Cbeing told Dtold 3不定式的复合结构(1)for名词(或代词宾格)动词不定式其中for本身无意义，for后面的名词或代词是不定式的逻辑主语，这种不定式在句中可作主语、表语、宾语、定语或状语。It is very important for us to get everything ready for the harvest.为收获季节准备好一切对我们来说很重要。(2)带有逻辑主语的结构of/for sb. to do sth.当作表语的形容词表示不定式的逻辑主语的性质或特征时，用介词of引出不定式的逻辑主语，这些形容词一般有good，nice，kind，wise，silly，stupid，foolish，right，wrong, careless, impolite等。句中的形容词用来说明动词的特征时要用介词for。这类形容词有hard, easy, heavy, necessary, possible, important, difficult等。The first thing for students to do is to study.学生首先要做的事情就是学习。It is foolish of you to say such words.说这种话你太蠢了。Its easy for you to learn English well.对你来说，学好英语很容易。4疑问词动词不定式疑问代词和疑问副词后可加动词不定式构成不定式短语，在句中可作主语、表语或宾语。The problem is how to get there on time.问题是怎么按时到达那儿。I dont know what to do next.我不知道下一步该做什么。考题印证2(xx辽宁高考)Twenty students want to attend the class that aims to teach _ to read fast.Awhat Bwho Chow Dwhy二、but不定式but后跟不定式时有以下两种情况：1在cant but, cant help but, cant choose but(不得不，只能)结构后，不定式不带to。There being no buses, I cant but walk home.由于没有公共汽车，我只能步行回家。We cant choose but accept the offer.我们只能接受提议。Its raining hard. I cannot help but stay at home.天在下大雨，我只好待在家里。2动词不定式在介词but, except, besides等表示“除了”之意的词后面时，如果这些介词之前有行为动词do的各种形式(do, does, did)，那么介词后的不定式要用不带to的不定式，否则要用带to的不定式。Tom did nothing except wait before his parents came home.父母回家之前，汤姆只有等待。I have no choice but to accept the fact. 除了接受这一事实，我别无选择。There was nothing to do but send for a doctor. 除了派人去请医生，没有什么可以做的。考题印证3 (xx陕西高考)If he takes on this work, he will have no choice but _ an even greater challenge.Ameets Bmeeting Cmeet Dto meetExercises:.用所给单词的适当形式填空1The bank is reported in the local newspaper (rob) in broad daylight yesterday.2Id love (drink) some wine at the party, but I had a stomachache that day. 3Lilys mobile phone was left in a taxi accidentally, never (find) again. 4Ill do whatever I can (improve) my English.5For nearly three hours we waited for the decision, only (tell) to e again the next day. 6How about the two of us (take) a walk down the garden?7The puter center, (open) last year, is very popular among the students in this school. 8Charles Babbage is generally considered (invent) the first puter. 9The students expected there (be) more reviewing classes before the final exams. 10Since he doesnt want to accept your advice, it is no use (talk) to him again.单项填空 1Many buildings in the city need repairing, but the one _ first is the library.ArepairedBbeing repaired Crepairing Dto be repaired2_, you need to give all you have and try your best.ABeing a winner BTo be a winner CBe a winner DHaving been a winner3We are invited to a party _ in our club next Friday.Ato be held Bheld Cbeing held Dholding4With the world changing fast, we have something new _ with all by ourselves every day.Adeal Bdealt Cto deal Ddealing5Edison was the first scientist _ a modern research and development centre.Abuilt Bhaving built Cto build Dto be building6If you dont know _ a word, look it up in a good dictionary.Ato use Bhow to use Chow using Dhow should use7He hurried to the booking office only _ that all the tickets had been sold out.Ato tell Bto be told Ctelling Dtold8I would love _ to the party last night but I had to work extra hours to finish a report.Ato go Bto have gone Cgoing Dhaving gone9Schools across China are expected to hire 50,000 college graduates this year as short-term teachers, almost three times the number hired last year, _ reduce unemployment pressures.Ahelp Bto have helped Cto help Dhaving helped10With Fathers Day around the corner, I have taken some money out of the bank _ presents for my dad.Abuy Bto buy Cbuying Dto have bought11. _ in a heavy rain, Miss White had a bad cold and couldnt but _ for a leave.A. To catch; ask B. Caught; ask C. Caught; asking D. To have caught; ask12. _ a long bridge requires a large amount of money.A. To build B. To be built C. To have built D. To have been built13When caught_，he begged for my pardon and tried_punishment.Astealing；escaping Bstealing；to escape Cto be stealing；escaping Dto be stealing；to escape14All the students injured in that accident are still in hospital，_for further observation.Akept Bkeeping Chaving kept Dto be kept15.Ten million people have been forced_their homes because of the flood.Aleaving Bto leave Cto be left Dbeing left16.Hearing his words，I couldnt decide_or remain.Awhether to go abroad Bif I go abroad Cif to go abroad Dto go abroadIII知识点习题1_about Lucy，the teacher called her parents to find out why she was so often absent from class.AConcerning BConsidering CConcerned DConsidered2I was just talking to Joan when Bob _.Acut in Bcut down Ccut out Dcut up3Dont worry，mother；we still have _ time to go to the railway station.Aa great deal Bmasses of Ca great number of Da great many4Would you please tell me the methods you think of _ the problems if you have time?Sure! Ato solve Bsolving Csolve Dbeing solved5He was _ at the sight of a snake.Afrightening Bfrightful Cfrightened Dfright6(xx四川)Simon made a big bamboo box _the little sick bird till it could fly.AkeepBkept Ckeeping Dto keep7Its likely that he is the only American hiptop artist_in China.Ato have ever lived Bto live ever Chaving ever lived Dever living8.Increasing the number of women leaders will be a slow_.Astep Bprocess Cceremony Dachievement9.Now，I have him in my_，I can make him do anything I want.Astrength Benergy Cpower Dforce10Li Ming is clever, honest, and hardworking. _， he is a good student and we should learn from him.AIn a nutshell BAfter all COn the other hand DBy the way