2018-2019学年高中英语 Unit 12 Culture Shock Section Ⅳ Language Points(Ⅱ)学案 北师大版必修4.doc

Section Language Points()( Lesson 2 & Lesson 3)语 言 基 础 自 测.单词拼写根据汉语或首字母提示，写出下列单词1Vietnam made an official request(请求)that the meeting be postponed.2I can say，with absolute truthfulness，that I did not injure(伤害)her.3His manners(礼貌)had always made her blind to his faults.4Parents told us that we would study from others in a modest(谦虚的) attitude.5Test results indicate(表明) that the calculation and analysis are right.6Your name is familiar to me.7He was dead on arrival at the nearby hospital.8On this account we should be more cautious on this voyage.9Tamara stared at him in disbelief，shaking her head.10Youll have to whisper or hell hear you.拓展词汇根据词性和汉语提示，写出下列单词1indicate vt.表明；表示indicative adj.表示的，指示的indicator n指示者，指示器，指示物2curiously adv.奇怪地；好奇地curious adj.好奇的，想知道的curiosity n好奇心，求知欲3injure vt.伤害injury n伤害4arrival n到达，抵达arrive v到达5cautious adj.小心翼翼的，谨慎的caution n小心，谨慎寻规律、巧记忆以(i)ous结尾的adj.以ive结尾的adj.serious 严肃的dangerous 危险的previous 先前的creative 创造性的attractive 吸引人的active 积极的.补全短语根据提示补全下列短语1with caution小心翼翼地2break into 闯入，破门而入；突然起来3in all aspects 在各个方面4give.a lift 让搭车5pare.with/to. 把与作比较6drop off 让下车；打盹儿7insist on 坚持8catch up with 追赶9stare at 凝视10see. off 给(某人)送行.选词填空选用上述短语的适当形式填空1Ill have transportation problem to go to work，can you give me a lift?2Please call me and Ill see you off3Do you want me to drop you off at this sidewalk?4Theres still time to catch up with them.5She lay back and stared at the ceiling.寻规律、巧记忆dropadv./prep.动词短语breakadv./prep.动词短语drop away 减少drop out 退出drop behind 落后break down 出毛病；毁掉break out 突然爆发break through 突破.经典句式仿写背教材原句记句式结构仿写促落实1.When I first arrived in San Francisco，I had a difficult time understanding certain aspects of the American way of doing things.刚到旧金山时，有一段时间我感到很难理解某些美国人的处事方式。have a difficult time (in) doing sth.“做某事时有段困难的时间，做某事有困难”。他的家人目前在互相理解方面有困难。His family are having a difficult time (in) understanding each other.2.I was enjoying my dessert and talking to my American friend Janice at the table when I noticed people staring at us.我和我的美国朋友贾尼丝正在餐桌前边吃甜点边聊天，突然我发现人们在注视着我们。was/were doing.when.意为“正在做这时突然”。我正在看神舟十一号升空，这时突然有人敲门。I was watching Shenzhou fly into space when someone knocked at the door.3.I had a similar experience the last time I visited China.在上次访问中国时我有一次差不多的经历。名词短语the last time用作连词，引导时间状语从句。上次我见到他时，他谨慎多了。He was more cautious the last time I saw him.核 心 要 点 探 究 manners n礼貌(教材P38)Mind Your Manners注意你的礼貌(1)good manners 有礼貌bad manners 没礼貌 (2)manner n. 方式，方法；态度；举止；礼貌(pl.)in a .manner 用的方式/态度Her children all had such good manners.她的孩子们都这样彬彬有礼。Its bad manners(manner) to stare at people.盯着别人看不礼貌。She greeted me in a friendly manner.她很友好地和我打招呼。名师点津“方式，方法”的不同manner作“方式，方法”讲时只有单数形式，不用复数形式，表示复数形式的“方式，方法”用ways，通常不说these manners，而说these ways。“用这种方式”可以用in this way/in this manner/by this means/with this method来表示。 request n请求；要求(教材P39)to make a request to someone you dont know very well 向一个你不是很熟悉的人作出请求(1)make a request for.请求/要求at ones request/at the request of sb. 应某人的要求(2)request vt. 请求，要求request sth.of/from sb. 要求某人某事request sb.to do sth. 要求某人做某事request that sb.(should) do sth. 要求某人做某事(从句用虚拟语气)It is requested that.(should)do sth. 据要求We should make a request for help.我们应该请求支援。He came to help me at my request.他应我的请求前来帮忙。I made a request that the students (should)be prepared(prepare)for the exam.我要求学生对考试做好准备。We have requested that the work (should)be finished(finish) at once.我们要求立刻完成这项工作。名师点津request用作名词后跟同位语从句和用作动词后跟宾语从句时，从句谓语动词都用“(should)动词原形”的形式。 drop off让下车；把放下；顺便把送至某处；打盹儿；(水平)下降，(数量)减少(教材P39)Do you think you could drop me off at the mailbox?您能让我在邮箱附近下车吗？写出下列句中drop off的含义She usually drops the kids off at school on her way to work.让下车She dropped off during the English class.打盹Traffic in the town has dropped off since the bypass(旁道) opened.减少drop back 落后drop behind 落后；落在后面drop in (on sb.) 拜访(某人)drop out (of sth.) 不再参加，退出；辍学He has dropped out of active politics.他已不再积极参政了。The Smiths dropped in on some old friends on their vacation trip to New York.史密斯一家去纽约度假时顺道拜访了一些老朋友。语境助记A student of mine dropped out of school because he dropped behind other students.When the storm dropped away，I took a bus to drop in on him，but on the way I dropped off.我的一个学生因为落后其他同学辍学了。当风暴减弱时，我乘公共汽车去拜访他，但在路上我打盹了。 familiar adj.熟悉的，常见的(教材P40)Jin Li found the American way of life familiar soon after her arrival in the USA.金丽到美国后不久，她觉得美国的生活方式很熟悉。sb.be familiar with sth.某人对某物熟悉；某人通晓某物sth.be familiar to sb. 某物为某人所熟悉I was so familiar with him that I recognized his voice instantly I picked up the phone.我对他是如此的熟悉以至于我一拿起电话就听出了他的声音。This word was not familiar to the people some decades ago.这个词对几十年前的人来说并不熟悉。名师点津(1)be familiar with意思为“对熟悉的；对知晓的”，其主语通常是指“人”的名词或代词，with后的宾语是主语所知晓的事物。(2)be familiar to意思为“为某人所熟悉的”，其主语通常是人们所知晓的事物，to后的宾语常是指“人”的名词或代词。 (教材P40)When I first arrived in San Francisco，I had a difficult time understanding certain aspects of the American way of doing things.刚到旧金山时，有一段时间我感到很难理解某些美国人的处事方式。【要点提炼】句中have a difficult time (in)doing sth.表示“做某事时有段困难的时间，做某事有困难”。(1)“做某事有困难”的表达方式：have a hard/difficult time (in)doing sth.have difficulty/trouble (in) doing/with sth.have a problem/problems (in) doing/with sth.(2)waste time (in)doing sth.浪费时间做某事spend time (in)doing sth. 花费时间做某事have a good time (in) doing sth. 做某事愉快I have some difficulty (in)talking with the foreigner.我与这位外国人交谈有些困难。Little Frank wasted a lot of time playing in the woods.小弗兰克浪费了很多时间在树林中玩。Mary had difficulty/trouble with her work for the examinations，but her teacher pulled her through.玛丽在准备考试中遇到了困难，但她的老师帮她渡过了难关。You cant imagine the difficulty/trouble we had getting (get) in touch with him.你无法想象我们与他取得联系有多困难。名师点津(1)difficulty/trouble前可以用great，much，little，no等词修饰。(2)在考查句型have difficulty/trouble (in)doing sth.时，常把difficulty/trouble提前作为主句中的先行词，并省略介词in，定语从句中谓语成为have doing形式。 cautious adj.小心翼翼的，谨慎的(教材P40)Ive always been outgoing but since an embarrassing experience in a New York restaurant Ive been much more cautious.我一直是一个外向的人，但是自从在纽约的一家饭店有过一次尴尬的经历后，我就比较小心了。(1)be cautious of/about/with sth.对谨慎的，小心的be cautious not to do sth. 小心不做某事(2)cautiously adv. 谨慎地；小心地(3)caution n. 小心，谨慎with caution 小心翼翼地He drove his car with caution.他小心翼翼地驾车。She is very cautious of hurting his feelings.她小心翼翼的，以免伤害他的感情。The nurse was told that the patient needed to be treated cautiously(caution)护士被告知这个病人需要谨慎地对待。 (教材P40)I was enjoying my dessert and talking to my American friend Janice at the table when I noticed people staring at us.我和我的美国朋友詹尼斯正在餐桌前边吃甜点边聊天，突然发现人们在注视着我们。(1)【要点提炼】when在此处为并列连词，意为“这时”，相当于and then，and just then或and at that time。when意为“这时”时常用的四个句型：(1)sb.was doing.when.某人正在做这时(2)sb.was about to do.when. 某人即将做这时(3)sb.had just done.when. 某人刚做完这时(4)sb.be on the point of doing.when. 某人正要做这时I was about to go out when he called on me.当他来造访时我正要外出。I had just finished(finish) my homework when my mother asked me to play the piano.我刚刚做完作业妈妈就让我练琴。I was on the point of leaving(leave) office when a student came in.我刚要离开办公室，这时一个学生进来了。(2)stare vi.盯着看，凝视stare at sb./sth. 盯着某人/某物；凝视stare into the sky/distance 凝视天空/远方The little child stared at the toys in the shopwindow.那个小孩盯着商店橱窗里的玩具。明辨异同stare at/gaze at/glare at/glance atstare at意为“盯，凝视”，指出于好奇、惊讶等原因长时间睁大眼直接注视，常含粗鲁无礼之意gaze at意为“凝视”，语义较stare轻，指出于好奇或惊讶而深情地长时间看glare at指“怒目而视”，出于气愤或敌意glance at意为“一瞥”，指匆忙中迅速看一眼用stare at/gaze at/glare at/glance at的适当形式填空She glanced at her watch and left.He glared at me like a bull at a red rag.Raise your head and gaze at the stars，and you will find something romantic going on in the sky.Its impolite to stare at a girl. whisper vi.& vt.低语，耳语n.C低语(教材P40)I whispered for the rest of the evening.那天晚上其余的时间，我一直小声说话。(1)in a whisper/in whispers小声地，低声地(2)whisper(sth.)to sb. 向某人低语(某事)whisper sth.in ones ear 在某人耳旁小声说某事It is/was whispered that. 据传闻They sat at the back of the room，talking in a whisper/in whispers.他们坐在房间的后面低声谈话。In order not to let the others hear what he said，he whispered the news to me.为了不让他人听到他说的，他低声把消息告诉我。It is whispered(whisper)that he is heavily in debt.据传闻他负债累累。语境助记I saw Jenny and Helen talking to each other in a whisper.Suddenly Jenny leaned and whispered something in Helens ear.I wanted to know what they were whispering about.I whispered to Mary that I would sneak close to find it out.我看到珍妮和海伦在低声谈话。突然，珍妮探身在海伦耳边说了点儿什么。我很好奇她们在嘀咕些什么。于是我小声对玛丽说，我要悄悄走过去搞清楚。 see.off给(某人)送行(教材P40)He insisted on walking me to the station to see me off.他坚持陪我走到车站为我送行。see sb.out送某人到门口see through 看穿，识破seeing that. 既然；由于，鉴于see to 负责，留意，照料see to it that. 使保证，务必使Will you see to the plants while Im away?我不在的时候请你帮我照料这些植物好吗？Frankly speaking，they have already seen through you!坦白地说，他们已经看透你了！Can he see to it that hell make it?他保证能按时到达吗？ break into闯入，破门而入；突然起来(教材P41)The burglar broke into the house and Nancy saw him.小偷闯入房子而且南茜看见他了。break away from离开；脱离break down 打破；毁掉；出毛病；(身体)垮了；恸哭；分解break out 突然爆发break up 拆散；分解；分裂；崩溃break through 突围；突破The report said that a war will break out.报道说战争将会爆发。The old ship started to break up because of the storm.由于风暴，这艘旧船开始解体。We hope to break through soon in the fight against AIDS.我们希望在与艾滋病的斗争中很快有所突破。 injure vt.伤害(教材P41)Parents think their children may get injured and they wont let them play in the street.父母认为他们的孩子可能会受伤，不让他们在街上玩耍。(1)injured adj.受伤的；(感情等)被伤害的the injured 受伤者(指一类人)(2)injury n. 伤害，损害do an injury to sb.do sb.an injury 对某人造成伤害The injured were taken to a nearby hospital by an ambulance.救护车把伤者送到了附近的一所医院。Smoking does an injury(injure)to health.吸烟有害身体健康。易混辨析injure/harm/wound/hurtinjure一般指由于意外或事故造成损伤harm表示对身体、物质或精神上的严重损害，常指伤害人的肉体，损坏东西以及损害健康、品质、事业等wound主要用于肉体上的“创伤”，一般指严重的外伤，主要指在战场上受枪弹伤害hurt普通用语，在口语中常见。主要指有生命的东西“受伤”。既可指肉体上的伤害，也可指精神上、感情上的伤害用injure/harm/wound/hurt的适当形式填空He was seriously injured in the traffic accident.It wouldnt do him any harm to work a bit harder.A soldier was wounded in the fight.Mary said that she was hurt by your words.随 堂 效 果 落 实.单句语法填空1In the following(follow) years，he worked even harder.2I had just lain down when the telephone rang.3Children should be brought up to have good manners(manner)4Maybe you could give me a lift home.5We request the conference (should) be held(hold) next Friday.6These are the rules that are familiar to everyone.7I have a hard time paying(pay) attention in school.8You should be cautious(caution) when you cross the street.9He stood in the doorway，staring(stare) at Doctor Winter.10Ambulances took the injured(injure) to a nearby hospital. .单句改错1He is familiar to three languages.towith2Upon his arrive at the office，he realized that he had left his cellphone at home.arrivearrival3To find out the exact information，he was cautious to making a choice.第二个toof/about4Please see to it the door is locked.it后加that5In art criticism，you must assume the artist has a secret message hiding within the work.hidinghidden.完成句子1当我正沿着河边走时，突然听到一个溺水儿童的呼救。I was walking along the river when I heard a drowning boy crying for help.2我正要出门时，一位不速之客来访了。I was about to go out when an unexpected visitor came.3下次再来时带您的妻子一起来。Next time you e，please bring your wife along.4那人费了很大劲才把几只打架的狗分开。The man had a difficult time pulling those fighting dogs apart.5我对你的唯一请求就是你要早点到那里。All I request of you is that you should be there early语 法 专 项 突 破现在分词自主领悟 先观察原句后自主感悟What did I learn about Chinese customs from my exciting exchange to China？What he did was amazing.Last time，when I visited China，we saw the tour guide wearing a very pretty fur coat on the day we left.They didnt seem to hear me saying “No，thank you” in my poor spoken Chinese.I told her the coat swited her，but she looked very embarassed，saying that it was a cheap one she had bought a long time ago.五句中都有一个现在分词，且其作用各不相同：句exciting作定语，句amazing作表语，句的wearing和句的saying作宾语补足语，句saying作伴随状语。精要点拨现在分词由动词加ing形式构成，是分词的一种，在句子里面不能单独充当谓语，但能充当其他的一些成分，如定语、表语、宾语补足语和状语。一、现在分词的构成形式形式主动被动用法意义一般式doing being done指分词的动作和句中谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生表示主动或进行，或既表主动又表进行完成式having donehaving been done指分词的动作发生在句中谓语动词所表示的动作之前We walked along the river bank，talking and laughing.我们沿河岸有说有笑地走着。Not reading carefully，he wouldnt find many things he had not known before.不认真读书，他就不会发现许多以前不知道的东西。Having finished all the work，they had a good rest.结束了所有的工作后，他们好好地休息了一下。The question being discussed is of great importance.正在被讨论的这个问题非常重要。Having been given such a good chance，how could she let it slip away?既然得到了这么好的机会，她怎么能让它溜走呢？Not having been cleaned for years，the windows looked very dirty.由于多年没有擦过，窗子看上去很脏。温馨提示现在分词的否定式是在v.ing前面加not，如not doing；not being done；not having done；not having been done。即时演练1用所给动词的正确形式填空Listening to music at home is one thing，going to hear it being performed(perform) live is quite another.Having spent(spend) nearly all our money，we couldnt afford to stay at a hotel.Not knowing(know) which university to attend，the girl asked her teacher for advice.二、现在分词的句法功能1现在分词作状语现在分词或现在分词短语作状语时，可以表时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、行为方式、伴随状况等。表示时间关系的现在分词短语有时可由连词while或when引导。Hearing the news，they got excited.(时间状语)听到这个消息，他们很激动。Having been bitten by a snake，she was frightened at it.(原因状语)因为曾被蛇咬过，所以她很怕蛇。The cup dropped to the ground，breaking into pieces.(结果状语)杯子掉到地上，摔成了碎片。Taking (If you take) the path that leads out of the town，you will e to a dense wood.(条件状语)如果你沿着通向郊外的路前进，就会走入一片密林中。Having failed(Although he had failed)many times，he didnt lose heart.(让步状语)虽然屡次失败，但他没有灰心丧气。I stood by the door，not daring to say a word.(伴随状语)我站在门旁，不敢说一句话。温馨提示(1)现在分词作结果状语常常表示自然而然的结果，充当结果的现在分词的逻辑主语有时并不是句子的主语，而是句子的内容或部分内容。(2)现在分词作状语多强调意料之中或自然而然的结果。不定式作状语表示出乎意料的结果，常与only或just连用。A lot of good land has gone with them，leaving only sand.许多好的土地随之消失了，留下来的只是沙子。He hurried to the school，only to find nobody was there.他匆匆忙忙赶到学校，结果发现空无一人。即时演练2句型转换After he had turned off the TV，he began to do his homework.Having turned off the TV，he began to do his homework.Because she hadnt received his reply，she decided to make a call to him.Not having received his reply，she decided to make a call to him.The car was held up by the storm and caused the delay.The car was held up by the storm，causing the delay2现在分词作定语现在分词作定语表示所修饰的人或物的动作或状态，可以表示正在进行的动作，也可表示经常性的动作或当时的状态。The students running along the street are from No.3 Middle School.沿着街跑步的学生来自于第三中学。He brought us surprising news.他给我们带来了惊人的消息。Tell the boys playing over there not to make any noise.Tell the boys who are playing over there not to make any noise.叫那些在那儿玩的男孩别制造噪音。The temple standing on top of the hill was built in the Ming Dynasty.The temple which stands on top of the hill was built in the Ming Dynasty.山顶上的那座寺庙建于明朝。名师点津分词作定语的位置及用法“定分”位置有两条，词前词后定分晓。单个分词在词前，有时此规有颠倒。分词短语在词后，“定从”和它互对照。“现分”动作进行时，“过分”动作完成了。(注：“定分”：作定语的分词；“定从”：定语从句；“现分”：现在分词；“过分”：过去分词)即时演练3句型转换The students working in the country will be back tomorrow.The students who are working in the country will be back tomorrow.The building being built now will be our library.The building that/which is being built now will be our library.The workers who are building the houses are from the countryside.The workers building the houses are from the countryside.3现在分词作表语现在分词作表语多表示主语所具有的特征。现在分词作表语，常见的有：exciting，interesting，disappointing，discouraging，encouraging，puzzling，missing，surprising，confusing，amusing，charming，astonishing，shocking，inviting等，这些现在分词几乎已经变成了形容词，常用very修饰。Travelling is interesting.旅行是有趣的。The argument is very convincing.这个论点很令人信服。即时演练4用所给动词的适当形式填空The news was disappointing(disappoint)This story is very moving(move)Your achievements are inspiring(inspire)4现在分词作宾语补足语在感官动词及词组(see，hear，watch，feel，notice，observe，keep，find，listen to，look at等)和使役动词(have，get，leave，set等)的宾语后面经常使用现在分词作宾语补足语。宾语与作宾补的现在分词之间存在逻辑上的主谓关系，即宾语是现在分词动作的发出者。I saw him playing basketball just now.我刚刚还看见他在打篮球呢。Dont have the students studying all day.不要让学生整天学习。He left，leaving me doing all the rest work.他走了，留下我一个人去做剩余的所有工作。Its wrong of you to leave the machine running.你让机器一直开着是不对的。三、现在分词的独立结构如果作状语的现在分词的逻辑主语和句子主语不一致，分词就要带上自己的逻辑主语，形成独立主格结构。独立主格结构由两部分组成：一部分是名词或代词，起着逻辑主语的作用；另一部分除现在分词外，还包括形容词、副词、过去分词、不定式、介词短语等，表示其逻辑主语(名词或代词)的动作、状态或状况。另外，多数独立主格结构还可以用with复合结构来表示。The shower being over，we continued to march.阵雨停了，我们继续前行。He rushed into the room，his face covered with sweat.他冲进了房间，满脸大汗。The teachers came in with many students following them.老师们走了进来，后面跟着很多学生。温馨提示(1)含有现在分词的独立成分，如generally speaking，judging from/by，considering，supposing，taking sth.into consideration等，其形式不受上下文的影响，也不需要考虑其逻辑主语同句子主语是否一致的问题。Generally speaking，boys are more interested in such games than girls.一般来说，男孩比女孩更喜欢这样的游戏。Judging from his expression，he was satisfied with our performance.从他的表情来看，他对我们的演出感到满意。(2)句型there be有时也有独立结构形式。如：There being no buses，we had to walk home.因为没有公共汽车了，我们不得不步行回家。即时演练5完成句子一般说来，女孩比男孩更擅长学习语言。Generally speaking，girls are better at language learning than boys.时间允许，我就去看你。Time permitting，Ill go to see you.他的作业尚未完成，这个男孩就出去玩了。His homework not having been done，the boy went out to play.应用落实.单句语法填空1The cooling wind swept through our bedroom windows，making(make) air conditioning unnecessary.2Like ancient sailors，birds can find their way using(use)the sun and the stars.3When the clerk saw a kind face wrinkled in an apologetic smile，she stood rooted to the ground，wondering(wonder) whether to stay or leave.4Not knowing(know) her address，I cant visit her personally. 5Having seen(see) the film before，Ill stay at home to do some reading.单句改错1This winter the weather of the south is quite disappointed.disappointeddisappointing2The car repaired now in the garage was made in Germany thirty years ago.repaired前加being3The building is facing east is our biology laboratory.去掉第一个is4She went back home，and dropped herself on the couch，felt depressed about her failure in business.feltfeeling5Having told many times，the naughty boy made the same mistake.Having后加been