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专题02 冠词【2019年高考考纲解读】冠词的考查几乎每年都有一两道题，而且基本都设两空。一般情况下，试题的情景较为曲折，句式以复合句为主。另外，在短文改错和语法填空中也常常涉及冠词的考查。考查要点主要包括：1考查定冠词和不定冠词的基本用法。2考查定冠词和不定冠词的特殊用法。抽象名词具体化前冠词的使用情况、比较级前冠词的使用情况。3考查冠词的泛指、特指、类指和专指用法。 4考查零冠词的运用。另外，还涉及很多冠词与名词的固定搭配。复习冠词须把握好以下三个原则： (1)单数可数名词用不定冠词a/an表示泛指； (2)复数可数名词及不可数名词表示泛指时，其前不加冠词； (3)无论可数名词还是不可数名词，表示特指时，其前都要加定冠词the。 【重点、难点剖析】一、定冠词1表示特指。Pass me the magazine on the desk.请把桌上的杂志递给我。二、不定冠词1泛指某一类人或物中的任何一个。A teacher shouldnt talk like that.教师不应当那样讲话。2用于序数词前表示“又一”“再一”。用于形容词最高级前意为“很，非常”。Well have to do it a second time.我们得再做一次。He is a most wise man.他是一个十分明智的人。3用于具体化了的抽象名词前。He was a success in business.他是事业成功人士。4在专有名词前表示“某一个”“类似的一个”。A Mr. Smith wants to see you.一位史密斯先生想见你。5用于of短语中表示“同一”(the same)。Tom and Kate are of an age.汤姆与凯特同岁。三、零冠词1用于表示泛指或一般意义的物质名词、抽象名词、专有名词、复数名词等之前。Knowledge begins with practice.知识从实践开始。Teachers should be respected.教师应该受到尊重。2东、西方都有的节日名称前不用冠词，如：New Years Day, Christmas, National Day, Army Day等；但中国的节日一般用定冠词，如：the Spring Festival, the MidAutumn Festival等。3月份、日期前一般不用冠词，如：in October, on March 8等。4三餐名词前不用冠词，如：have breakfast/lunch/dinner等。但有定语修饰时需加不定冠词，如：have a big breakfast，have a wonderful lunch等。5表示体育运动的名词前不用冠词，如：play football/cards/chess等；但乐器名词前需加定冠词，如：play the violin/the piano等。6用于作表语、补足语、同位语的唯一职位名词前。John is captain of the team.约翰是这个队的队长。They elected him president of the society.他们选他为协会会长。7用于表示“变成”的turn后、作表语的单数名词前。He was a teacher before he turned writer.他成为作家之前是教师。10用于某些独立主格结构中。 【变式探究】(2016新课标，70)The nursery team switches him every few days with his sister so that while one is being bottlefed，_ other is with mumshe never suspects.【变式探究】(2016新课标，48)Give your body and brain a rest by stepping outside for _ while，exercising，or doing something you enjoy.【解析】a句意：你可以先出去一会儿，通过锻炼或做些你喜欢的事情来让你的身体和大脑得到休息。for a while意为“一会儿”。【变式探究】(2016浙江，2)_prize for the winner of the petition is _ twoweek holiday in Paris.【解析】The；a句意：这个比赛获胜者的奖品是一个为期两周的在巴黎度假的机会。第一空特指“获胜者的奖品”，用定冠词the；第二空泛指“一个为期两周的假期”，用不定冠词a。【变式探究】(2015新课标，42)The adobe dwellings(土坯房)built by the Pueblo Indians of the American Southwest are admired by even _ most modern of architects and engineers.【解析】the句意：由美国西南部的印第安村庄的印第安人建造的土坯房甚至被最现代的建筑师和工程师欣赏。根据后面的most modern可知应为“最现代化的”，最高级前要用定冠词the。【变式探究】(2015四川，5)Brian is gifted in writing music；he is very likely to be _ Beethoven.【解析】a句意：布莱恩在写音乐方面很有天赋；他很有可能会成为一个贝多芬。不定冠词加人名，意为“一个像某某那样的人”，因此填a。【变式探究】(2015陕西，14)_ more learned a man is，_ more modest he usually bees.【解析】The；the句意：一个人越有学问，通常会越谦虚。“the比较级简单句，the比较级简单句”结构，表示“越越”。题型五 语法填空例5、(2018全国)Corn production has jumped nearly 125 percent over past 25 years，while rice has increased only 7 percent.答案the解析“over/in/during the past/last时间段”为固定结构，特指过去的多长时间里。【变式探究】(2017全国)As result，people will eat more food to try to make up for that something missing.答案a解析as a result为固定搭配，意为“结果”。故填a。【变式探究】(2017全国)But unlike her school friends,16-year-old Sarah is not spending half-term resting.Instead，she is earning 6,500 a day as model in New York.答案a【变式探究】(2017全国)This included digging up the road，laying the track and then building a strong roof over top.答案the解析修饰名词top，表特指，要用定冠词the，故填the。【变式探究】(2016新课标，48)Give your body and brain a rest by stepping outside for _ while，exercising，or doing something you enjoy.【答案】a【解析】句意：你可以先出去一会儿，通过锻炼或做些你喜欢的事情来让你的身体和大脑得到休息。for a while意为“一会儿”。【变式探究】(2016浙江，2)_prize for the winner of the petition is _ twoweek holiday in Paris.【答案】The；a【解析】句意：这个比赛获胜者的奖品是一个为期两周的在巴黎度假的机会。第一空特指“获胜者的奖品”，用定冠词the；第二空泛指“一个为期两周的假期”，用不定冠词a。【变式探究】【2015湖北】.He gave himself a new name to hide his _ when he went to carry out the secret task. A. emotion B. talent C. identity D. treasure 【答案】C【解析】句意：他执行一项秘密任务时，给自己起了一个新的名字来掩盖身份。A项“情绪”；B项“才能”；C项“身份”；D项“财富”。故选C项。【变式探究】(2015重庆，3)I just heard _ bank where Dora works was robbed by _ gunman wearing a mask.【变式探究】【2015四川】Brian is gifted in writing music; he is very likely to be Beethoven.A. a B. an C. the D.不填【答案】A【解析】本题考查不定冠词在人名前，表示：一个像那样的人。故选择A，句意为：Brian在创作音乐上极有才华，他很有可能成为一个像贝多芬那样的人才。【变式探究】【2015浙江】Janes grandmother had wanted to write childrens book for many years, but one thing or another always got in way.A. a;不填B. the;the C. 不填;the D. a;the【答案】D【解析】句意：多年来，简的奶奶想写一本有关于儿童的书，但总是被这样或那样的原因阻碍了。第一个空使用不定冠词表泛指，第二个in the way 是固定搭配，意为挡道或阻碍。定冠词用于特指或者是固定搭配，不定冠词用于泛指。选D。
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