2019-2020年北师大版高中英语选修八Unit 22《Environmental Protection》（The Twelfth Period）教案.doc

2019-2020年北师大版高中英语选修八Unit 22Environmental Protection（The Twelfth Period）教案Teaching goals 教学目标Exchange the information of the worst disasters in history.Finish Unit Diary.1. Ability goals 能力目标 Enable the students to write about what they know on board. 2. Learning ability goals.学能目标 Help the students learn how to assess their learning over the unit.Teaching important points教学重点Help students to form good habits of learning English.Teaching difficult points教学难点How to improve students learning strategiesTeaching methods教学方法 Reading, discussing and summarizingTeaching aids 教具准备Multi-puterTeaching procedures & ways 过程与方式 Step I RevisionCheck the homework. Point out the mon errors students have made. Step II AwarenessAsk students to read the three disasters on Page 17. Then they will discuss in groups. Each member will speak out what they know about the worst disasters. After they discuss what the worst disasters in history are in groups, each of them will write what he or she knows on board. The whole class will exchange their information. If students have an access to the Internet, they may find what they need easily. If they dont, Teacher may provide some. Tangshan: The Deadliest EarthquakeAt 3:42 a.m. on July 28, 1976, a magnitude 7.8 earthquake hit the sleeping city of Tangshan, in northeastern China. The very large earthquake, striking an area where it was totally unexpected, obliterated the city of Tangshan and killed over 240,000 people making it the deadliest earthquake of the twentieth century. What was the biggest earthquake ever?The biggest earthquake known in historical times occurred on 22 May 1960 in Chile, with a magnitude Mw of 9.5. It occurred because of a rupture in the Earths crust that extended horizontally about 1000 km along the coast of South America; in some places this quake caused vertical uplifts as large as six meters. The second biggest earthquake known, with a magnitude of 9.2, occurred in Alaska on 27 March 1964; it had a rupture length of 800 km, and caused as much as 11 meters of uplift. Theoretical calculations suggest that these earthquakes are just about as large as possible for planet Earth. Suppose a hypothetical earthquake ruptures the entire 100 km thickness of the rigid tectonic plates, and suppose this rupture extends along a fault with length 1000 km with an average slip of 10 meters. Calculations show that this hypothetical earthquake would have a magnitude of about 9.3. Larger earthquakes would have to rupture an even longer fault with an even greater average slip; apparently this just doesnt happen. What was the most deadly earthquake ever? The 27 July 1976 earthquake in Tangshan, China (MS = 7.9) caused the greatest number of deaths of any recent quake known; the most reliable estimates are that about 242,000 lives were lost. Tangshan had a pre-quake population of about a million people; the main industry is mining. One reason the death toll was so high is because most of the structures in Tangshan were multiple-story, unreinforced brick and concrete buildings. Estimates of loss of life from the worst earthquake disasters are very unreliable; understandably, when tens of thousands of people are dead and most buildings are in ruins, there are more important things to do than to count bodies. However, there have been about five quakes in the twentieth century where reports of lives lost exceeded 100,000. Most experts accept that the most deadly earthquake in historical times occurred in Shanxi Province, China in 1556; about 830,000 lives were lost. Step III Unit DiaryGet students to assess their learning over the unit. By pleting Unit Diary students will learn what their difficulty is and what they should do to improve. Step IV HomeworkPost your view on how to English well on the Bulletin Board. 附件I.本单元课文注释与疑难解析1. In the last few decades, scientists have reached consensus and reported that human beings are causing changes in the Earths climate something previously seen as beyond our control.在过去几十年里, 科学家一致认为, 人类一直在影响地球气候的变化，这是一种原来被认为是人类所不能控制的现象。consensus: n. a general agreement among the members of a given group or munity一致,合意,交感consensus politics代表多数人意见的政纲；consensus management代表民意的管理There is broad consensus (of opinion) in the country on this issue. 对这一问题举国上下（舆论）普遍一致.The two parties have reached a consensus. 这两个政党达成了一致意见。“beyond+名词”结构，“出乎胜过、范围、限度”。常见的有：beyond belief (令人难以置信)， beyond ones reach （鞭长莫及），beyond ones control（无法控制），beyond our hope (始料不及)The results have gone beyond our hopes. 结果超出了我们的期望。2. Looking ahead, scientists believe that global warming could be one of the biggest environmental problems facing the 21st century. 展望未来, 科学家们相信, 全球变暖可能是21 世纪面对的最大的环境问题之一。looking ahead是现在分词短语，在句中做状语。look ahead: 往前看；考虑未来Look ahead！What can you see on the top of the hill? 向前看!你看见山顶上有什么东西？I look ahead, and before me rise the fantastic towers of New York, a city that seems to have stepped from the pages of a fairy story. 我放眼望去，纽约的高楼大厦在我前面升起，似乎是从童话故事的篇章中出现的一座城市。Look ahead in the distance, and you can see the lights of the village. 你往远处看，便可以看见村庄里的灯光。Have you looked ahead to what youll be doing in five years time? 你是否想过五年后你要做些什么?现在分词短语facing the 21st century做定语，修饰名词problems，相当于定于从句which/that would face 21st century.3. This catastrophe is still very fresh in the minds of people worldwide who have not yet got over their separation from loved ones lost in the tsunami.那些在海啸中痛失亲人的人们对这次浩劫仍然记忆犹新。fresh in the mind历历在目,记忆犹新The series of explosions are still fresh in our mind. 系列爆炸仍历历在目。The memory of a remote day is still fresh in my mind. 很久以前的事，我仍然记忆犹新。who have not yet got over their separation from loved ones lost in the tsunami是定语从句，修饰名词people。get over从(疾病、失望等)中恢复过来,克服(困难等)He has got over the language barrier. 他已克服了语言障碍。I cant get over how rude she was. 她很粗野, 我仍心有余悸.He was disappointed at not getting the job, but hell get over it. 他因没有得到那份工作而大失所望, 不过他能想得开。lost in the tsunami过去分词做定语修饰代词loved ones，相当于定语从句who were/got lost in the tsunami。 Customers voluntarily pay to purchase their goods or services. They are able to give the buyer what he or she wants at the lowest cost possible (while still making a profit). They will not take on unprofitable activities. Government: It provides public goods, or services that are needed by the public (national defense, parks, etc.). It can regulate the for profit firms (e.g., trust-busting, environmental requirements, etc.). It can control areas of society through taxes/fees (e.g., public schools receive funding through taxes). Its focus should be on serving the needs of the nation and the people. Nonprofit Organizations: They can provide public goods or services needed by the public. They can provide private goods. These organizations receive trust from those receiving the service and those supporting the service. Funding es from voluntary giving of their supporters or grant funding. Their main focus is to acplish organizational goals and break even with money ing in but no profit. Global Warming Q & A 1. What causes global warming? Is it part of a natural cycle?Answer: Global warming is caused by the build up of gases in the atmosphere such as carbon dioxide and methane, which form a sort of blanket over the Earth, trapping in heat that would normally escape the atmosphere. The leading greenhouse gas is carbon dioxide, a pollutant emitted from the burning of fossil fuels, such as coal, oil, and natural has. While it is true that there has always been some natural climate variability, the changes that are currently underway are unlike anything that has been seen before. Record levels of carbon dioxide are having a far reaching change over our weather, sea levels, and climate. 2. How can Global Warming affect our lives?Answer: Global warming is sometimes referred to as the most dangerous experiment ever conceived. We do not know what the full affect of radical climate change will be on our environment, but we do know that even a modest rise of 2- 3F (1.1-1.7C) could have dramatic effects. In the last 10,000 years, the Earths average temperature hasnt varied by more than 1.8F (1.0C). Temperatures only 5-9F cooler than those today prevailed at the end of the last Ice Age, in which the Northeast United States was covered by more than 3,000 feet of ice. Leading scientists assert that a rise of 3 degrees would cause famine and drought and threaten millions of lives. It would also cause a worldwide drop in crops of between 20 and 400 million tons, threatening 400 million more people with famine, and put up to 3 billion people at risk of flooding and without access to fresh water supplies. Few ecosystems could adapt to such a dramatic temperature change, resulting in the destruction of half the worlds nature reserves and a fifth of coastal wetlands. Global sea levels could rise by more than 20 feet if the ice shelves in Greenland and Antarctica collapsed, which is a distinct possibility if temperatures continue to climb. Droughts and wildfires will occur more often. More than a million species worldwide could be driven to extinction by 2050. 3. Does the rise in the earths temperature cause more intense storms /hurricanes/ tornados here in the US? If so, how? Answer: While it is impossible to blame any single event on global warming, there are several reasons to believe that global warming will create more intense storms. Hurricanes are powered by warm water on the surface of the ocean. As global warming heats the surface of the water, hurricanes will increase in speed, power, and frequency. Tornadoes are caused by rapidly rising amounts of heat from the lower areas of the atmosphere to higher portions of the sky. While scientists are again reluctant to pin individual storms on global warming, global warming does create greater amounts of heat in the lower portions of the atmosphere, creating more tornado-causing energy to be released into the upper atmosphere. 4. What are the largest sources of global warming pollution in the world and in the United States? Answer: The US produces far more carbon dioxide than any other country in the world. According to the latest figures by the Department of Energy, the US produces 22% of all CO2 emitted into the atmosphere, at 5,912.21 million metric tons in 2004. That is more than China, and India together (17% and 4.1% respectively), more than Russia (6%), Japan (4.7%), Australia (1.4%) and the whole of Europe put together (17.2%). In the United States, the major sources of CO2 emissions stem from burning fossil fuels, like coal, natural gas, and oil. We burn coal and natural gas to produce electricity and energy for our homes, businesses, and factories, while most of the oil is burned to power transportation, planes, buses, and especially cars. However, all of the technology that produces this energy is outdated and inefficient. We can continue to live our lives by putting more efficient technology to use, and by getting more energy from clean sources, like wind and solar.5. Can we curb our emissions of global warming pollution without hurting our economy?Answer: Absolutely. In addition to being dirty and dangerous, Americas coal and nuclear power plants are wildly expensive, Americas energy policy is terribly expensive, requiring large subsidies while taking a heavytoll (造成重大损失) on consumers. There have been dozens of studies which show that by investing in clean energy, such as renewable energy and energy efficiency, we can reduce our emissions of greenhouse gases while creating new jobs and saving consumers money. While many countries in Europe and Asia are recognizing the need to curb emissions, Americas industries are being left behind. America needs policies and programs that will stimulate green power industries, we can ensure that America will once again lead the world in technology and manufacturing. And by making simple choices in the kinds of products we buy, such as pact Florescent lightbulbs and hybrid cars, we can all save money and protect the environment by consuming less energy. 6. Is it too late to stop Global Warming?Answer: While it is true that global warming is already occurring and affecting the way we live, it is vital that we take steps to curb global warming pollution. If we do not begin to make the change to clean energy, the heat waves and hurricanes that we have already suffered through will bee more routine and worse. Thankfully, we have all the tools necessary to curb our emissions of greenhouse gases - tools like clean energy, energy efficiency, and cars that go farther on a gallon of gas. Mark Twain might as well have been talking about global warming when he famously remarked, Everybody talks about the weather, but nobody ever does anything about it. For years we have heard so much about the causes of climate change, that weve missed the fact that there are simple, practical solutions that can slow this growing problem. Technologies exist today that can cut emissions of heat-trapping gases and make a real difference in the health of our planet. And these solutions will be good for our economy, reduce our dependence on foreign oil, and enhance our energy security.You can help to reduce the demand for fossil fuels, which in turn reduces global warming, by using energy more wisely. Here are 10 simple actions you can take to help reduce global warming.1) Reduce, Reuse, RecycleDo your part to reduce waste by choosing reusable products instead of disposables. Buying products with minimal packaging (including the economy size when that makes sense for you) will help to reduce waste. And whenever you can, recycle paper, plastic, newspaper, glass and aluminum cans. If there isnt a recycling program at your workplace, school, or in your munity, ask about starting one. By recycling half of your household waste, you can save 2,400 pounds of carbon dioxide annually.2) Use Less Heat and Air ConditioningAdding insulation to your walls and attic, and installing weather stripping or caulking around doors and windows can lower your heating costs more than 25 percent, by reducing the amount of energy you need to heat and cool your home. Turn down the heat while youre sleeping at night or away during the day, and keep temperatures moderate at all times. Setting your thermostat just 2 degrees lower in winter and higher in summer could save about 2,000 pounds of carbon dioxide each year.3) Change a Light BulbWherever practical, replace regular light bulbs with pact florescent light (CFL) bulbs. Replacing just one 60-watt incandescent light bulb with a CFL will save you $30 over the life of the bulb. CFLs also last 10 times longer than incandescent bulbs, use two-thirds less energy, and give off 70 percent less heat. If every U.S. family replaced one regular light bulb with a CFL, it would eliminate 90 billion pounds of greenhouse gases, the same as taking 7.5 million cars off the road.4) Drive Less and Drive SmartLess driving means fewer emissions. Besides saving gasoline, walking and biking are great forms of exercise. Explore your munitys mass transit system, and check out options for carpooling to work or school. When you do drive, make sure your car is running efficiently. For example, keeping your tires properly inflated can improve your gas mileage by more than 3 percent. Every gallon of gas you save not only helps your budget, it also keeps 20 pounds of carbon dioxide out of the atmosphere.5) Buy Energy-Efficient ProductsWhen its time to buy a new car, choose one that offers good gas mileage. Home appliances now e in a range of energy-efficient models, and pact florescent bulbs are designed to provide more natural-looking light while using far less energy than standard light bulbs. Avoid products that e with excess packaging, especially molded plastic and other packaging that cant be recycled. If you reduce your household garbage by 10 percent, you can save 1,200 pounds of carbon dioxide annually.6) Use Less Hot WaterSet your water heater at 120 degrees to save energy, and wrap it in an insulating blanket if it is more than 5 years old. Buy low-flow showerheads to save hot water and about 350 pounds of carbon dioxide yearly. Wash your clothes in warm or cold water to reduce your use of hot water and the energy required to produce it. That change alone can save at least 500 pounds of carbon dioxide annually in most households. Use the energy-saving settings on your dishwasher and let the dishes air-dry.7) Use the Off SwitchSave electricity and reduce global warming by turning off lights when you leave a room, and using only as much light as you need. And remember to turn off your television, video player, stereo and puter when youre not using them. Its also a good idea to turn off the water when youre not using it. While brushing your teeth, shampooing the dog or washing your car, turn off the water until you actually need it for rinsing. Youll reduce your water bill and help to conserve a vital resource.8) Plant a TreeIf you have the means to plant a tree, start digging. Trees absorb carbon dioxide and give off oxygen. They are an integral part of the natural atmospheric exchange cycle here on Earth, but there are too few of them to fully counter the increases in carbon dioxide caused by automobile traffic, manufacturing and other human activities. A single tree will absorb approximately one ton of carbon dioxide during its lifetime.9) Get a Report Card from Your Utility panyMany utility panies provide home energy audits to help consumers identify areas in their homes that may not be energy efficient. In addition, many utility panies offer rebate programs to help pay for the cost of energy-efficient upgrades.10) Encourage Others to ConserveShare information about recycling and energy conservation with your friends, neighbors and co-workers, and take opportunities to encourage public officials to establish programs and policies that are good for the environment. These 10 steps will take you a long way toward reducing your energy use and your monthly budget. And less energy use means less dependence on the fossil fuels that create greenhouse gases and contribute to global warming.Noise pollution is any kind of undesirable, disturbing sound. Noise is among the most pervasive pollutants today. The immediate threats that noise pollution poses to human health and well-being are often underestimated. Traffic noise is one of the major sources of noise pollution in Beijing - horns are there for cases of emergency only! Noise - Green Tips Turn down the volume of your stereo, radio, TV (you are already confronted with enough loud noise daily) or wear headphones (not too loud either). Dont add to the overall noises in the streets: horns are there for cases of emergency only! If you own a car and have a car alarm make sure it only goes off when it should. Build up a strong munity that actively opposes noise pollution in its neighbourhood (monitoring, noise controls, awareness posters, etc.). plain about reoccurring or permanent sources of noise to your Environmental Protection Bureau. Buy quieter appliances in and around the house.