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2019-2020年高一英语 Book3 Module4 Sandstorms in Asia Grammar学案语法:动词不定式1、 动词不定式的时态和语态 1.一般式( ):表示 I hope to go to Shanghai. 2.进行式( ):表示 He pretended to be reading when his mother came into his room. 3.完成式( ):表示 I am sorry to have kept you waiting so long. 4.一般被动式( ):表示 I am lucky to be asked to speak here. 5.完成被动式( ):表示 The room seemed to have been broken into.小结:动词不定式的时态和语态关键要弄清不定式所表示的动作和句子谓语动词所表示动作的时间先后顺序以及动词不定式和句子主语、宾语或所修饰词的关系。2、 动词不定式的用法 1.动词不定式作主语 动词不定式作主语,谓语动词用第三人称单数。既可放于句首,也可使用it作形式主语,而将其置于句末。 To ask him for help is necessary.= It is necessary to ask him for help. 2.动词不定式作宾语 (1)动词不定式作宾语有两种情况:一种是及物动词后直接跟带to的不定式;另一种是“及物动词+疑问词+带to的不定式”。 I wonder what to do next. (2)believe,think,consider,feel,make等动词可用于“动词+it+adj./n.+to do sth.”句型,其中使用it作形式宾语,而将真正的宾语,即动词不定式置于句末。 I consider it necessary to make friends with them. 3.动词不定式作表语 当表语是动词不定式时,主语也只能是动词不定式,即主语和表语结构要一致或对称。 To see is to believe. 4.动词不定式作定语 动词不定式作定语,它与所修饰的名词或代词可能是主谓关系,也可能是动宾关系。常用在the first,the second,the last,the only和最高级后面作定语。 He was the last one to leave school yesterday. We have much homework to do everyday. 5.动词不定式作宾补 在感官动词feel,hear,notice.及使役动词have,make,let后的宾语补足语省略to,变成被动语态时,必须要加上to。 My teacher made me do the experiment alone.=I was made the experiment alone. 6.动词不定式作状语 动词不定式作状语,可表示目的、原因、结果等。 I got up early in order to /so as to catch the first bus.( ) He hurried to the post office, only to find it closed.( ) I am glad to see you here.( )3、 but+不定式 (1)在介词but前有实意动词do的某种形式时,其后不定式一般不带to,反之则必须带to,表示“不得不,只能”。 (2)构成固定结构,如cannot help but(只能),cannot choose but(别无选择,只能),cannot but(不得不),do nothing but,have nothing to do but(只有,只能)。这些结构中,but后接不带to的不定式。练习:I did nothing but (watch)TV last night. I had no choice but (wait).
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