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语言知识运用（三）1. 完形填空(2017年江西九校联考)Conservationists are breeding (饲养) lions in the Southern African nation of Zimbabwe.The wildlife experts hope to increase the lion population to keep the great cats from _1_.In some areas, lions and human beings are _2_ control of land.Researchers believe something must be done quickly to _3_ the animals.The African Lion and Environmental Research Trust (ALERT) has more than 100 _4_ in its breeding program.Antelope Park Farm is one of two sites ALERT operates in Zimbabwe.Gary Jones heads the Antelope Park Farm.He says ALERT has bee involved _5_ a sharp drop in the number of lions.His group believes this has been _6_ mainly by humans.There are more people moving to this area every year.The lions have _7_ land on which to live.Gary Jones says the decrease in the lion population affects the whole _8_.He adds that other African nations are also seeing the _9_ effects of this.There are countries, _10_ in central and North Africa, where the lion population has reached a(n) _11_ level.Burundi, a country of eastcentral Africa, for instance, does not have lions in its national parks.It _12_ wants to have lions reintroduced back into its national parks.The reason is that when you take the lion out of the equation (平衡), suddenly you get all _13_ things start happening with the balance of _14_.For example, you get too many prey (猎物) species, like giraffes and zebras.The United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization says _15_ animals are threatened when farmers try to _16_ their plants or animals.Rene Czudek works for the UN agency.He says his organization has _17_ a humanwildlife tool kit (成套工具) that some countries are using to reduce _18_ between humans and wildlife.“In fact, the tool kit is a kind of instrument that extension workers can use with the _19_explain to them how wildlife behaves, and then show them what the risky behaviors are, and how they should _20_ their fields accordingly，” Mr.Czudek said.1A.disappearing BattackingCchanging Darriving2A.waiting for Bcheering forCpeting for Dlooking for3A.train Bobserve Ccatch Dsave4A.giraffes BlionsCzebras Dantelopes5A.instead of Bbecause ofCin place of Din spite of6A.known BstudiedCcaused Dprevented7A.less BworseCmore Dbetter8A.environment BbackgroundCindustry Dposition9A.immediate BpossibleCmagical Ddisastrous10A.usually BfinallyCgradually Dparticularly11A.acceptable BworryingCreasonable Dnecessary12A.frequently BsimplyCnaturally Ddesperately13A.small BsimilarCstrange Dideal14A.nature BbodyCpower Dtrade15A.live BwildClarge Dtrapped16A.protect BmoveCuse Dimprove17A.put up with Bcaught up withCe up with Dkept up with18A.pressure BdistanceCspeed Dconflict19A.farmers BworkersCgardeners Dexperts20A.clear BwaterCfind Dplan本文是说明文，介绍了生态保护者正设法保护非洲的狮子。1A由上文的“increase the lion population”可推断，野生动物保护专家希望增加狮子的数量以防止狮子消失。disappear消失。2C在一些地方，狮子和人类正在争夺对土地的控制。pete争夺、竞争。3D由第四段中的“a sharp drop in the number of lions”可推断，研究人员认为必须尽快采取措施拯救狮子。save拯救。4B由文章开头的“breeding lions”可知选B。5B由于狮子数量骤减，所以ALERT要保护它们。because of因为，由于。故选B。6C由下文的“There are more people moving to this area every year.”可推断，狮子数量减少主要是人类造成的。cause造成。7A由上文的“There are more people moving to this area every year.”可推断，狮子赖以生存的土地减少了。故选A。8A由下段末的“you get too many prey (猎物) species, like giraffes and zebras”可推断，狮子数量减少影响整个自然环境。environment环境。9D由下段可知，其他非洲国家也看到了狮子数量减少所带来的灾难性的影响。disastrous灾难性的。10D在一些国家，尤其是位于非洲中部和北非地区的国家，狮子数量已经达到了令人担忧的地步。particularly尤其，特别。11B参见上题解析。12D布隆迪极度想将狮子再次引入到国家公园。desperately极度地。13C由下文的“you get too many prey (猎物) species, like giraffes and zebras”可知，没有狮子会导致一系列奇怪的事情发生。strange奇怪的。14A由下文所举的猎物增多的例子可推断，此处是说“自然生态平衡”。故选A。15B由下文的“when farmers try to.their plants or animals”可推断，此处是说野生的动物受到威胁。wild野生的。16A农民设法保护他们的植物或动物。protect保护。17CRene Czudek所在的组织已经创造出一套缓解人类和野生动物冲突的工具。e up with想出，提出。18D由下文的“explain to them how wildlife behaves, and then show them what the risky behaviors are, and how.”可知，这套工具可以用来缓解人类和野生动物之间的冲突。conflict冲突。19A由下文可知，这套工具是供推广人员向农民宣传有关环保知识时使用的。farmer农民。20D上文多次提到狮子(或野生动物)和人类争夺土地，因此，要缓解二者之间的冲突就需要教育农民如何规划他们的土地。plan规划。2. 语法填空 Observers say Americans want more choices and fresh food when 1._ (choose) where and what to eat.This trend is one reason why the fast food restaurant McDonalds has struggled financially.McDonalds is one of the bestknown 2._ (restaurant) in the US.and even around the world, 3._ these days the pany leaders are seeing numbers they probably do not like.In the last quarter of last year, McDonalds ine dropped by about $300 million.The January earnings report brought more bad news.Worldwide sales dropped for the 4._ (eight) month in a row and even more than expected.McDonalds is 5._ (work) hard to get their customers back.In January, the pany ran an advertisement during the Super Bowl.The football game is the most watched TV event every year in the US.McDonalds has wanted 6._ (reach) those viewers.Shake Shack is 7._ new kind of restaurant being popular in the US.The restaurants are not “fast food”They are known as “fast casual”When McDonalds is struggling to get their customers back, Shake Shack is doing well 8._ (financial)The New Yorkbased burger chain had a very 9._ (success) IPO, or Initial Public Offerings, of shares at the end of January.10._ its first day of trading, Shake Shack went from $21 a share to just under $46 a share.Shake Shacks a quality hamburger.Its fast food, but not “fast food” food.Being part of the “fast casual” trend has helped Shake Shack.本文介绍了全球知名快餐品牌麦当劳在美国的业绩大不如前，而美国著名汉堡连锁品牌Shake Shack悄然走红的现象并分析了原因。1choosing分析句子结构可知，choose与其逻辑主语Americans之间构成主动关系，应用现在分词形式。故填choosing。2restaurants“one of名词复数”是固定结构，意为“之一”。故填restaurants。3but句意：麦当劳是美国乃至全世界最著名的餐厅之一，但是，近来公司领导者们却看到了一些他们可能不会喜欢的数字。两个句子之间为转折关系，故用but。4eighth由空格前的定冠词“the”可知，此处应用所给词的序数词形式。the eighth month意为“第八个月”。故填eighth。5working由“助动词be现在分词”构成现在进行时，表示现阶段正在进行的动作。故填working。6to reachwant to do sth.意为“想要做某事”，为固定搭配。7aa new kind of意为“一种新的”。因为上文没有提到Shake Shack这种新式餐馆，此处是第一次提到，故用不定冠词a表示泛指。8financially副词修饰动词is doing。9successfulIPO是Initial Public Offerings的缩写，为专有名词，因此此处应用success的形容词形式修饰IPO。故填successful。10On表示在具体的某一天应用介词on。3. 语法填空(2017年山西省五校第五次联考)Etiquette (礼仪) is to society 1._ clothing is to the individual.Without clothes men would go in shameful nudity which would 2._ (certain) lead to the corruption of morals, and without etiquette society would be in a pitiable state and the necessary 3._ (municate) between its members would be disturbed by needless offences and troubles.If society moved like a train, the etiquette would be the 4._ (track), along which only the train could go forth; if society 5._ (be) a state coach, the etiquette would be the wheels, on which only the coach could roll forward.The lack of etiquette would make 6._ best friends turn to be the most decided enemies and the 7._ (friend) countries declare war against each other.We can find many examples in the history of mankind.Therefore I 8._ (advice) you to stand on ceremony before anyone else and to take pains not 9._ (do) anything against etiquette 10._ case you give offences or make enemies.本文为一篇议论文，讨论礼仪在社会中的作用和影响。1whatwhat做连词用，引导状语从句。句型：A is to B what C is to D。2certainly修饰动词lead用副词certainly。3munication在定冠词the和形容词necessary后用名词munication。4trackstrack是可数名词，意为“轨道；足迹”，要用复数形式。5were做从句的谓语。这是一个虚拟语气，与现在事实相反，be动词用were的形式。6the在最高级best前用定冠词the。7friendly修饰名词countries用形容词friendly。8advise做谓语动词，时态是一般现在时，用主动语态。9to do不定式做目的状语。take pains (not) to do sth.意为“尽力(不)做某事”。10inin case意为“万一，以防”，为固定搭配。4. 短文改错(2017年河北衡水中学一模)假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号()，并在其下面写出该加的词。删除：把多余的词用斜线()划掉。修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。注意：1每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；2只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。I believe anyone can make themselves something good to eat.Cooking is a lot of easier for us than most of us think.Last Sunday my parent were away on business.I left alone, with no one to cook for me.As I had a good chance to cook myself a wonderful meal.Early in the morning I went to the market, buying some beefsteak and tomatoes and then came back.Before cooking, I put a few oil, salt and sugar on the steak and mixed it together.When the pot was hotter enough I began to fry the steak.Then I cooked some tomato soup with the egg in it.The food tasted deliciously!第一处：去掉第一个of。a lot修饰形容词比较级。第二处：parentparents。由后面were可知应用复数。第三处：left前加was。由语境及“with no one to cook for me”可知应用被动语态。第四处：AsSo。与前一句构成因果关系。第五处：buyingbought。此句三个并列谓语went, bought, came形式应一致。第六处：fewlittle。oil为不可数名词，a little修饰不可数名词。第七处：itthem。此处指代oil, salt和sugar，故用复数。第八处：hotterhot。后有enough，应用形容词原级。第九处：thean。此处为泛指，且egg为元音音素开头，故用an。第十处：deliciouslydelicious。taste为系动词，后接形容词做表语。5. 短文改错(2017年河北省高三三市第二次联考)假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号()，并在其下面写出该加的词。删除：把多余的词用斜线()划掉。修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。注意：1每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；2只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。As the saying go, treat others as you would like to be treated.If we want to be treated well, and we should treat others well too.Two years before, I was admitted to a high school.I felt proudly and superior.Therefore, I always looked down upon my classmates who turned for me in their studies.One day, Tom asked me help him work out a math problem.I glanced at it, and said, “So easy.What foolish you are！” On hear it, he said angrily, “I wont ask you again.” I was shocking.Only then did I realize why I was so unpopular with my classmate.From then on, I tried to treat them equally and helped them with all my heart.第一处：gogoes。saying这里表示“俚语”，用goes表示“是这么说的”。英语中的名言谚语或客观真理，一般都使用一般现在时。第二处：去掉and。if在这里引导状语从句，主句是“we should treat others well too”，不用and。第三处：beforeago。两年前“我”被一所高中录取。Two years ago意为“两年前”，与一般过去时连用。第四处：proudlyproud。 felt是系动词，后面接形容词做表语，故用形容词proud。第五处：forto。turn to sb.表示“求助于；向求教”。第六处：help前加to。ask sb.to do sth.要求某人做某事，为固定搭配。第七处：WhatHow。由what引导的感叹句，what意为“多么”，用作定语，修饰名词(被强调部分)；由how引导的感叹句，how意为“多么”，用作状语，修饰形容词或副词(被强调部分)。第八处：hearhearing。on是介词，后接宾语为名词、动名词等。第九处：shockingshocked。该句主语为“I”，应用形容词shocked，表示“(人)感到震惊的”。shocking为形容词，表示“令人震惊的”。第十处：classmateclassmates。根据前面的my classmates和后面的them可知用复数。
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