欧洲文化入门(一).ppt

Welcome EuropeanCulture AnIntroduction欧洲文化入门 ThePurposeofLearningEuropeanCulture Languagecannotbelearnedwithoutsomeknowledgeoftheculturebehindit Europeancultureitselfisapartofworldculture Someknowledgeofitisnecessarytousascitizensoftheworld Toshowone sopinion Oneself Theleader Oldagelife PurposeforMyCultureClass Learningcultureisnottorecitenumerousinformationsfromtextbook Buttoimproveself cultivation topromoteone sthinkingability thentoprobeourculture smeritsanddefectsfromdifferentculture tothinkaboutwhatweshouldlearnfromothersandwhatothersshouldlearnfromours Sothatwecouldcultivateahabitofthinkingandknowinghowtomakelifemeaningful ForMyPersonalView 文化 不是让你死记硬背时间 地点 人物 事件 影响 意义 而是透过不同的文化 探究自身文化的优缺点 从中吸取精华 去除糟粕 来达到提升自我修养 培养独立思考能力的目的 从而让文化成为我们参悟生活 领会人生意义的重要渠道 TheOriginofCulture Mesopotamia 两河流域文明Egyptian 古埃及文明Hebrew 希伯来文明GreekandRoman 希腊与罗马文化 文化 文明 DivisionOne GreekCultureandRomanCulture TheOrigin Crete 3000B C 克里特岛TrojanWar 1200B C 特洛伊战争GreekDarkAges 1200B C 800B C ArchaicGreece 800B C 500B C 古风时期ClassicalPeriod 500B C 336B C 古典时期HellenisticAge 336B C 31B C 希腊化时代 GreeceandTroy 1 Historicalcontext background WarbetweenGreeceandTroyinabout1 200B C Greekcultureinthe5thcenturyB C CivilwarbetweenAthensandSparta RuleofAlexanderinthe4thcenturyB C In146B C theRomansconqueredGreece 2 SocialandPoliticalStructure Democracy theadultmalecitizensEconomy slavelabor exploitation Sports OlympicGames 3 Homer Homer荷马 around700B C epic史诗Iliad 伊利亚特 Odyssey 奥德赛 TodayweseeIliadandtheOdysseyincorporatedintothecourseofalmosteveryhighschoolinAmerica Epic Definition Anepicisalongnarrativepoemofgreatscaleandgrandiosestyleabouttheheroeswhoareusuallywarriorsorevendemigods 简言之 史诗是叙述英雄传说或重大历史事件的叙事长诗 TrojanWar特洛伊战争 InGreekmythologyandinIliadandOdysseybyHomerAbout1 200B C WarbetweenGreeceandTroyFoughtoverthebeautifulHelenLastedfor10yearsTrojanhorseTroydefeated GreeceandTroy Achilles阿喀琉斯 阿基里斯 Matching GoldappleTrojanhorseAchillesheel DeathfulweaknessBaneIntrudingdestructiveelement Matching key Goldapple BaneTrojanhorse IntrudingdestructiveelementAchillesheel Deathfulweakness 不和的金苹果 祸根 特洛伊木马 侵入内部的破坏性因素 阿喀琉斯的脚踵 致命的弱点 Poetry Poem Verse 诗歌 Ballad 民谣 Lyric 抒情诗 Epic 史诗 Ode 颂诗 Elegy 挽歌 Pastoral 田园诗 Sonnet 十四行诗 NarrativePoem 叙事诗 BlankVerse 无韵体诗 FreeVerse 自由体诗 4 Lyric 抒情诗 Definition Alyricisapoemthatexpressesstrongfeeling 4 LyricWriters Sappho about612 580B C 萨福 lovepoemPindar about518 438B C 品达 odes apoemtopraiseandglorifyanindividualorathing 5 Drama Open airtheatres stonebenches lookingdownatthestagefromthreesides actorswithmasks mask masque假面剧 ThreeGreatestTragedyWriter a Aeschylus 埃斯库罗斯 b Sophocles 索福克勒斯 c Euripides 欧里庇得斯 a Aeschylus 525 456B C 埃斯库罗斯 The FatherofTragedy oneofthethreegreatancientGreektragedians古希腊悲剧之父PrometheusBound 被缚的普罗米修斯 PrometheusBound BasedonthemythofPrometheus atitan泰坦神族人whogavethegiftoffiretomortalsandwaspunishedbythegodZeus Matching Prometheus MartyrtothecauseofhumanPandora sbox Rootofalldisaster b Sophocles 496 406B C 索福克勒斯 SecondofthethreegreattragediansofclassicalAthensOedipustheKing 俄狄浦斯王 StrongimpactonEuropeanliterature theOedipuscomplex 俄狄浦斯情结 Matching Oedipuscomplex俄狄浦斯情结 complexfeelingtowardparentsorbetweenaccidentandnecessitySphinx sriddle斯芬克斯之谜 somethingofpersonthathardtounderstand c Euripides 484 406B C 欧里庇得斯 ThirdofthethreegreattragediansofclassicalAthens thefirstwriterof problemplays 社会问题剧concernedwithconflicts originofrealismAndromache Medea TrojanWomen d Comedy Aristophanes 阿里斯托芬450 380B C ancientGreekComicdramatist theFatherofComedy11plays Frogs Clouds Wasps Birds 6 History Herodotus希罗多德 TheGreekhistoricalwritingwritesmainlyaboutwars Herodotus 484 430B C AncientGreekhistorian FatherofHistory 古希腊历史学家 历史之父 7 Philosophyandscience IntroductionTheancientGreeks curiosityaboutthings freeenquiry imagination Introduction ThePre SocratesGreekPhilosophersPythagoras毕达哥拉斯Heracleitue赫拉克利特Democritus德莫克里特 Pythagoras毕达哥拉斯 FounderofscientificmathematicsthefatherofnumbersToPythagoras Allthingswerenumbers Heracleitue赫拉克利特 AncientGreekphilosopherFireistheprimaryelementoftheuniverse 火是万物之源 Youcannotsteptwiceintothesameriver Thesunisneweveryday 人不能第二次踏进同一条河流 Democritus德莫克里特 Theearliestmateriamlist GettheEnglishwordatom TheGreatestPhilosophers Socrates苏格拉底Plato柏拉图Aristotle亚里士多德 a Socrates苏格拉底 Socrates 470 399B C DialecticalMethod辩证法 StoryTime Whatislove Whatismarriage Whatisaffair 艳遇 Whatishappiness Whatislife b Plato 428 348B C 柏拉图 Dialogues 对话录 Idealism 唯心主义 Influence absorbedintoChristianthought PlatonicLove 柏拉图式爱情 追求心灵沟通 排斥肉体欲望 是一种理性的精神上的纯洁恋爱 c Aristotle 384 322B C 亚里士多德 AncientGreekphilosopher astudentofPlatoandteacherofAlexandertheGreatThegreathumanistandthegreatmanofscienceWorks Ethics Politics Poetics andRhetoric 诗学 AristotleandPlato p28 DifferencesbetweenPlatoandAristotle 1 Aristotle theoryshouldfollowfactPlato subjectivethinkingisimportant2 Aristotle idea matter realityPlato ideaishigherthanphysicalworld d ContendingSchoolsofThought Sophists智者派 Protagoras普罗泰戈拉FourschoolstheCynics犬儒派theSceptics怀疑派theEpicureans伊壁鸠鲁派 享乐派 andtheStoics斯多葛派 e Science Euclid欧几里德 Elements geometryArchimedes阿基米德 Euclid欧几里德 TheFatherofGeometry Elements atextbookofgeometry Archimedes阿基米德 AncientGreekmathematician physicistandengineer Givemeaplacetostand andIwillmovetheworld 8 Art architecture sculptureandpottery 多立克柱式 Doricorder Parthenon帕德农神庙 AcropolisofAthens雅典卫城 爱奥尼克柱式 Ionicorder 伊瑞克提翁神庙 Erechtheion 科林斯柱式 Corinthainorder 列雪格拉德音乐纪念亭 掷铁饼者 米洛的维纳斯 拉奥孔人物组图 陶器 9 Impact SpiritofInnovationSupremeachievementLasingeffect II RomanCulture RomansandGreeksRomanhistoryLatinliteratureArchitecture paintingandsculpture 1 RomansandGreeks 146BC RomanconquestofGreeceLanguagesoftheRomanEmpire Latin western andGreek eastern SimilaritiesbetweenRomansandGreeks democracy religion languagesDifferences p37 CaptiveGreecetookherrudeconquerorcaptive Horace被俘虏的希腊使野蛮的征服者成了她的俘虏 2 Romanhistory Theyear27BC Rome republic theRomanEmpirePaxRomana Latinfor theRomanpeace between27BCand180AD Romanlaw 3rdcenturyBC罗马法学Declineinthe3rdcenturyTheemperorConstantinemovedthecapitalfromRometoByzantium拜占庭 Constantinople君士坦丁堡 Istanbul伊斯坦布尔 DividedintoEast theByzantineEmpire andtheWestin395In476 endoftheWestRomanEmpire bytheGothsIn1453 endoftheEastRomanEmpire bytheTurks 3 Latinliterature ProseMarcusTulliusCicero西塞罗JuliusCaesar凯撒PoetryLucretius卢克莱修Virgil维吉尔 ProseandPoetry Proseiswritingdistinguishedfrompoetrybyitsgreatervarietyofrhythmanditscloserresemblancetothepatternsofeverydayspeech Poetryisaformofartinwhichlanguageisusedforitsaesthetic 审美的 andevocative 共鸣的 qualitiesinadditiontoitsostensible 表面的 meaning ProseandPoetry Proseiswritingastory eitherfictionornonfiction Prosewritingmostoftenfollowsstandardrulesingrammar punctuation capitalization andsentencestructure Poetryreferstopoems withorwithoutrhymeschemes Poetryhasrhythm likeasong Itusuallyfollowsasetpattern rhymeschemeandmeter Prose M T Cicero 西塞罗 106 43BC Romanorator lawyer politician andphilosopher罗马最伟大的演说家 教育家和天才作家Ciceronian eloquent oratoricalmannerofwriting西塞罗式Nomancanbebravewhoconsiderspainthegreatesteviloflife ortemperate whoregardspleasureasthehighestgood 把痛苦视为生活中最大的祸害的人不可能勇敢 把欢乐视为生活中最美妙的人不会自我节制 Prose JuliusCaesar 凯撒 102 44BC Romandictator politicianandgeneralofthelateRomanrepublicCommentariesStyle economy ferocity Icame Isaw Iconquered 我来了 我看见了 我征服了 Lucretius卢克莱修 Lucretius about93 50BC anEpicureanphilosopher poetOntheNatureofThings philosophicalpoem 物性论 expandingtheatomicideasofEpicurus Virgil维吉尔 70 19BC ThegreatestofLatinpoetsAeneid 爱涅伊德 Aeneas Troy 4 Architecture paintingandsculpture a Architecture greatengineers Romansroads AllroadsleadtoRome ThePantheon万神庙 PontduGard加德桥 TheColosseum古罗马之圆形大剧场 b Painting Wall paintings c Sculpture GlorifytheemperorsandrecordtheeventsoftheRomanEmpireConstantinetheGreat君士坦丁大帝SpoilsformtheTempleinJerusalemShe wolf母狼