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英语：Unit2Heroes 讲义、单元试卷及答案（北师大版必修1）一般过去时1) 用法：A) 表示过去某个时间发生的动作或情况。例： I decided to go to the library as soon as I _. A) finish what I did B) finished what I did C) would finish what I was doing D) finished what I was doing结合四个选项来看，全句的意思是：“我决定一做完手头的工作就去图书馆”。本题首先要判断的是as soon as（一就）引出的时间状语从句中谓语动词的时态。从句中的动作“做完手头的工作”是预计将要发生的动作，而去句的谓语动词用的是过去时（decided）。在这种场合，从句中通常用一般过去时，而不用过去将来时。所以选项A和C不可能是答案。句子指的是“完成正在做的工作”，do要用进行式。因此选项D才是答案。B) 表示过去习惯性动作。特别是由would/ used to do表达的句型，本身表示的就是过去时。例：The old man would sit on a bench in the quiet park and look at others for hours without doing anything or talking to anybody.（老人过去常常坐在宁静的公园里的一条长椅上，看着其他的人，一坐就是数个小时，什么也不干，也不和任何人交谈。）He used to visit his mother once a week.（他以前总是每周看望一次他的母亲。）C) 有时可代替一般现在时，表达一种婉转、客气、礼貌、商量的语气。例：I wanted to ask you if I could borrow your car?（我想向您借车用一用，可以吗？）Would you mind my sitting here?（您介意我坐在这里吗？）2) 注意事项：A) 注意时间状语的搭配。一般过去时的时间状语应该是表示过去某个时间的词或词组，如：yesterday, last month, in 1999, two days ago等，绝对不可与recently, in the past 10 years, this month等连用，因为这样的时间状语都与现在有关系，应该用现在完成时或一般现在时。B) used to do的否定形式和疑问形式很特别：你怎么写都正确。以否定形式为例：used not to do, didnt used to do, didnt use to do都对。Used to do经常与 be used to doing sth/ sth结构进行对比。前者表示过去常常或过去曾经，要求加动词原形；后者表示习惯于，要求加名词或动名词。过去完成时(had done)1) 用法：表示在过去的某个时间或动作以前已经发生的动作或已经存在的状态。就是我们常说的：表示过去的过去的动作或状态。例：Until then, his family _ from him for six months.A) didnt hear C) hasnt heard B) hasnt been hearing D) hadnt heard全句的意思是：“到那时为止，他家里已经有六个月没得到他的消息了。”由此可以看出，谓语动词的动作延续到过去的某一时刻才完成，因此谓语要用过去完成时。答案是D)。其它选项中：A) didnt hear，因为一般过去时只表示过去发生的事情或存在的状态，所以不能与时间状语for six months连用。B) hasnt been hearing，现在完成进行时表示过去某时刻继续到现在或现在还在进行的动作，与题意不符。C) hasnt heard，现在完成时表示从过去某一时刻到现在为止发生的动作。而题中的then只表示过去的某一时刻，不能表示现在时间。2) 注意事项：“过去的过去”这种逻辑关系常通过上下文体现出来，而不一定受某个时间状语的限制。例：There had been some one in our room just now, because I noticed a burning cigarette end on the floor when we opened the front door.（刚才有人在我们的房间里，因为我们打开前门进来时，我注意到地板上有一支仍在燃烧的香烟。）分析：虽然时间状语是just now，似乎应该使用一般过去时，但是“在房间里”这个状态是在开门和注意这两个过去的动作之前就存在的，所以应该用过去完成时。一般过去时与过去进行时的区别一般过去时表示在过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态,往往表示动作已完成或结束;而过去进行时则表示过去某个时间正在进行的动作,表示动作的未完成性。例如:He read a novel that evening.那天晚上他读了一本小说。(读完了整本小说)He was reading a novel that evening.那天晚上他在读一本小说。(小说不一定读完)单项选择1. If the traffic hadnt been so heavy, I could have been back by 6 oclock.- What a pity! Tina _ here to see you. A. is B. was C. would be D. has been 2. The heros story _ differently in the newspapers. A. was reported B. was reporting C. reports D. reported3. They _ on the program for almost one week before I joined them, and now we _ on it as no god results have e out so far. A. had been working; are still working B. had worked; were still working C. have been working; have worked D. have worked; are still working4. Father _ for London on business upon my arrival, so I didnt see him. A. has left B. left C. was leaving D. had left5. Susan decided not to work on the program at home because she didnt want her parents to know what she _. A. has done B. had done C. was doing D. is doing6. More than a dozen students in that school _ abroad to study medicine last year. A. sent B. were sent C. had sent D. had been sent7. At last, we found ourselves in a pleasant park with trees providing shade and _ down to eat our picnic lunch. A. sitting B. having sat C. to sit D. sat8. Whats wrong with your coat? - Just now when I wanted to get off the bus, the man next to me _ on it. A. sat B. had sat C. had been sitting D. was sitting9. Thank goodness, youre here! What _ you? - Traffic jam. A. keeps B. is keeping C. had kept D. kept10. She _ her hairstyle in her hometown before she came to Chongqing for a better job. A. would change B. has changed C. changed D. was changing11. It is said in the book that Thomas Edison (1847-1931) _ the world leading inventor for sixty years. A. would be B. has been C. had been D. was12. Sales of CDs have greatly increased since the early 1990s, when people _ to enjoy the advantages of this new technology. A. begin B. began C. have begun D. had begun13. My mind wasnt on what e was saying so I, afraid I _ half of it. A. was missing B. had missed C. will D. missed14. The discussion _ alive when an interesting topic was bought in. A. was ing B. had e C. has e D. came15. You were out when I dropped in at your house. - Oh, I _ for a friend from England at the airport. A. was waiting B. had waited C. am waiting D. have waited16. I hear Jane has gone to the Holy Island for her holiday. - Oh, how nice! Do you know when she _? A. was leaving B. had left C. has left D. left17. Has Sam finished his homework today? - I have no idea. He _ it this morning. A. did B. has done C. was doing D. had done18. I _ you not to move my dictionary now I cant find it. A. asked B. ask C. was asking D. had asked19. What were you doing when Ton phoned you? - I had just finished my work and _ to take a shower. A. had started B. started C. have started D. was starting20. Sorry to have interrupted you. Please go on. - Where was I? - You _ you didnt like your fathers job. A. had said B. said C. were saying D. had been saying2019-2020年高一上Unit2Heroesword教案一、难句解疑：1. Personally, I think Martin Luther King is also quite important, because he fought against racism and his actions changed American society.2. He spent 27 years in prison for fighting for the rights of black South Africans.3. She has also been an important person in fighting for animal rights.把下面句子译成汉语：1. They are fighting against terrorism.2. The black people were fighting for freedom.3. They were fighting with each other over who paid the bills.4. The soldiers were fighting their way out.二、 与fight 搭配的词组有：fight for 为（争取）而斗争 fight against 为（反对）而战fight with 与搏斗例如：The workers are fighting for their rights.工人们为争取他们的权利而斗争。Two dogs fought for a bone, and a third ran away with it.鹬蚌相争，渔翁得利。The Chinese fought against the Japanese Army for peace.中国人民为争取和平而同日本侵略军作战。Young students should be ready to fight against difficulties.青年学生要时刻准备着与困难作斗争。单项选择1. You havent said a word about my new coat, Brenda. Do you like it?-Im sorry I _ anything about it sooner. I certainly think its pretty on you. A. wasnt saying B. dont say C. wont say D. didnt say2. The little girl _ her heart out because she _ her toy bear and believed she wasnt ever going to find it. A. had cried; lost B. cried; had lost C. had cried; lost D. cries; has lost3. Excuse me, sir. Would you do me a favor? - Of course. What is it? - I _ if you could tell e how to fill out this form. A. had wondered B. was wondering C. would wonder D. did wonder4. This is Teds photo. We miss him a lot. He _ trying to save a child in the earth-quake. A. killed B. is killed C. was killed D. was killing5. The reporter said that the UFO _ east to west when he saw it. A. was traveling B. traveled C. had been traveling D. was to travel 6. My uncle _ until he was forty five. A. married B. didnt many C. was not marrying D. would marry7. An awful accident _, however, occur the other day. A. does B. did C. has to D. had to8. Old McDonald gave up smoking for a while, but soon_ to his old ways. A. returned B. returns C. was returning D. had returned9. Hey, look where you are going! - Oh, Im terribly sorry. _. A. Im not noticing B. I wasnt noticing C. I havent noticed D. I dont notice10. Passenger: Look out! Theres kangaroo wandering on the road! Driver: _ it! That was lucky. It can damage my car really badly. A. Missing B. To miss C. Missed D. Miss11. Whats the weather like tomorrow, John? - Well, I _ it, for the scenic pictures drew my attention as the weather forecast was going on. A. was missing B. missed C. will miss D. had missed12. Shirley _ a book about China last year but I dont know whether she has finished it. A. has written B. wrote C. had written D. was writing13. Alice, why didnt you e yesterday? - I _ , but I had an unexpected visitor. A. had B. would C. was going to D. did14. I saw Sue but she didnt see me. She _ the other way. A. was looking B. looked C. had looked D. would look15. _ in 1963, and _ in Philadelphia, Charles Pettigrew so impressed his teachers that he was sent to Barklee School to study Jazz. A. Being born; having raised B. Born; raised C. Was born; was raised D. Born; was raised16. Slowly the old woman took out her pocket book, and an old photograph _ out of it. A. dropped B. was dropped C. was dropping D. had been dropped17. The government responded quickly, and new measures _ which strengthened their powers A. passed B. past C. were passed D. had passed18. It was a great party, thank you. But Jill, why _ you _ more friends to e? A. havent; invited B. dont; invite C. didnt; invite D. wont; invite19. The nurse _ at great Stapleton for only a few weeks when the sick officer was murdered. A. was being B. would be C. was D. had been20. The boy came _ in, with a _ look on his face. A. rush, surprising B. run, surprised C. rushing, surprised D. running, surprisingLesson 3 Sports stars同步辅导与测试现在完成时用法解析1.构成 现在完成时是由助动词 have(has)+动词的过去分词构成。助动词说明该谓语是属于现在时范围。它和主语的人称、数要保持一致。过去分词是主要的谓语动词，说明句子的意义。2.用法 （1）表示动作发生在过去某个不确定的时间，但对现在留下了某种影响和结果。常被just、already、yet 等副词修饰。如： -Have you had lunch yet? -Yes, I have. Ive just had it. 你（已经）吃午饭了吗？ 我刚刚吃过。（现在我不饿了） （2）表示从过去某一时刻开始一直持续到现在的动作或状态。这个动作可能刚停止，可能仍然在进行。常带有for和since等表示一段时间的状语。 如：He has taught here since 1981 他自1981年就在这儿教书。（可能还要继续教） I havent seen her for four years. 我有四年没见到她了。 （3）表示说话前发生过一次或多次的动作，现在成为一种经验，一般译为汉语“过”，常带有twice,ever,never,three times等时间状语。 如： I have been to Beijing twice.我去过北京二次。3.现在完成时的时间状语 （1）现在完成时属于现在时范围，故不能和过去的时间状语连用。如：yesterday,last Sunday,in1990,three years ago等。但是，在强调动作产生的后果和影响时，可以和一些表示不确定的时间状语连用。 a. 用副词already和yet。already一般用于肯定句中，yet一般用于否定句和 疑问句中。如：We have already finished our homework.我们已完成作业了。 They havent finished their homework yet.他们还没有完成作业。 b.用ever 和never。多用于否定或疑问句中，表示“曾经”或“从未“等。 如：-Have you ever been to the Great Wall?你曾经去过长城吗？ -I have never been to the Great Wall.我从未去过长城。 c.用表示到说话为止的过去时间状语，如just,before,up to now,the past few years等。例如：I have seen her before,but I can not remember where. 我以前见过她，但记不起在哪里见过。 He has been there three times the last few days. 近几年他去过那里三次了。 d.用包括“现在”在内的时间状语，如：now,today,this morning(month,year,term)等。例如：-Have you met him today?-No, I havent. 今天你见过他吗？我 没有。 How many times have you been there this year? 今年你去过那里多少次？ （2）现在完成时可以和带有since或for等表示“一段时间”的状语连用,表示动作或状态从某一时刻开始，一直持续到现在。如：I havent seen him for two years. 但是，像e,arrive,buy等终止性动词不能与表示“一段时间”的状语连用。要用，必须改为“be（在）”等延续性动词来表述。现归纳总结一下由非延续性动词到延续性动词的转换： arrivebe here begin(start)be on die be dead e backbe back leave be away fall ill(sick,asleep)be ill(sick,asleep) get upbe up go out be out finish be over put on wear 或be on open be open join be in或 be a member of close be closed go to schoolbe a student borrow keep buy have catch(a cold) have(a cold) get to know know begin to studystudy e to workwork等如：He has been a soldier for three years.他参军三年了。 His father has been dead for two years.他父亲去世二年了。 The film has been on for ten minutes.电影已开始十分钟了。 We have studied English for three years. 我们（开始）学英语已三年了。4.现在完成时和一般过去时的区别 现在完成时和一般过去时都表示在过去完成的动作。但现在完成时强调的是这一动作与现在的关系。如对现在产生的结果或影响等，而一般过去时只表示动作在过去某一时刻发生，不表示和现在的关系。试比较： I have lost my new book. 我把新书丢了。（现在还未找到） I lost my new book yesterday. 我昨天把新书丢了。（昨天丢的，现在找到与否没说明）5.几点注意事项 （1）have been(to)与have gone( to)的区别：have been(to)表示“去过某地（现在已经回来了）”，可用于各人称；have gone(to)表示“去某地了（说话时某人不在当地）”，常用于第三人称，前者可与once ,never,several times等连用，后者则不能。如：They have been to Beijing twice.他们去过北京两次。He has gone to Beijing . 他去北京了。 （2）如单纯表示一段时间，或强调一段时间，虽有since一词，也不必用完成时。如：It is two years since his father died. =His father has been dead for two years.他父亲去世已有三年了。 （3）终止性动词现在完成时的否定式，已变成一种可以延续的状态，因此可以和表示一段时间的状语连用。 如：I havent left here since 1997.自从1997年以来，我一直没有离开过这儿。Lesson 4 Superhero同步辅导与测试难句解疑1. But people all over the world will always remember him as a superman. 但是全世界的人民将他作为一个超级英雄而铭记。 be famous for 以而著称；be famous as 作为而闻名；remember as(be remember as) 作为而（被）铭记；remember for (be remembered for) 因而（被）铭记for 用来表示原因， as 接职业身份类名词。例: Edison was famous as an inventor for his great inventions.爱迪生是一位以其伟大发明而闻名于世的发明家。Martin Luther King will always be remembered as a hero for his great contributions in fighting against racism.马丁路德金为反对种族歧视作出巨大贡献的影响将用为世人怀念。类似的词组还有：be known as 作为而为人所知；be known for 因而有名。2. Since that moment I have never thought of giving up. 从那一刻起，我再没想过放弃。 give up 放弃（接宾语或不接宾语）The doctor has warned him many time to give up drinking.医生多次劝告他要戒酒。注意：以下动词词组的区分： Give away 赠送Give in 投降；屈服Give off 散发，发出Give over 交给，让给Give up 放弃Give out 分发，散发3. The five men and two women crew, which included the first Indian born astronaut, all died.五男二女，其中包括第一位印度籍宇航员，全部遇难。include 包括，包含1） 用作及物动词，后面要接宾语或用于被动语态My plan includes most of your suggestion.我的计划包括了你的大部分建议2） 常用分词短语起补充说明作用，included 是形容词（过去分词）， 意为“包括在内的”，置于名词之后。Many schools were praised at the meeting, including our school.Many school were praised at the meeting, our school included.Unit2 Heroes单元测验卷第一节：语法和词汇知识(共30小题；每小题1.5分，满分45分)从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。1. I had _ feeling of happiness when I heard that he had made _ great progress.A. a; a B. the; aC. the; 不填 D. a; 不填2. I did very poorly on last weeks test. _ Look at your paper. You got a good mark.A. Oh, e off it! B. Absolutely.C. Youve got a point there. D. Youre dead right.3. She has been given three free tickets for tomorrows concert and she _ there with two of her best friends.A. has goneB. is goingC. has beenD. went4. Mike, please dont make so much noise.Pardon?I _ you not to make so much noise.A. tellB. had told C. toldD. will tell5. _jobs will be lost if the pany closes down.A. Hundred of B. Five hundred of C. Hundreds ofD. Five hundreds of6. It is known to us all that the Peoples Republic of China _ on October 1, 1949.A. was founded B. was found C. foundedD. is found7. Peter had _ his career in law to bee a teacher.A. given up B. given in C. given offD. given away8. The problem is _ difficult for me _ solve.A. so; to B. quite; toC. too; to D. very; to9. In my opinion, obviously, night-time is when children can begin to learn to feel confident _, without being dependent on anyone else.A. by their own B. on their ownC. with their own D. to their own10. She attended some courses, including typing and book-keeping, because she was _ to get a good job.A. confidentB. skilfulC. fortunateD. keen11. The pany is famous _ selling lots of cheap books over the web.A. of B. inC. forD. as12. You have no idea how she finished the relay race _her foot wounded so much.A. for B. whenC. with D. while13. The poor woman goes to _prison once a year to see her husband who is in_prison.A. a; theB. the; the C. the; 不填D. 不填; 不填14. We were going out for a Christmas meal together _ the accident happened.A. unless B. untilC. whileD. when15. It is one of the funniest things _on the Internet so far this year.A. finding B. being found C. to findD. found16. Jenny hopes that Mr. Smith will suggest a good way to have her written English _ in a short period.A. improved B. improving C. to improve D. improve17. _it is to jump out of an airplane at 10,000 feet!A. What an exciting experience B. How exciting experienceC. How an exciting experience D. What exciting experience18. After the long journey, the three of them went back home,_.A. hungry and tiredly B. hungry and tired C. hungrily and tiredly D. hungrily and tired19. Did you see a man in black pass by just now?No, Sir. I_ newspaper.A. read B. was reading C. would read D. am reading20. _when has the country been open to international trade? 1978,I suppose.A. Since B. In C. From D. After21. Were you all frightened at the sound of the fire alarm? No. Everyone stayed _ and obeyed the police.A. quiet B. calm C. silent D. peaceful22. All the neighbors admire this family_ the parents are treating their child like a friend.A. why B. where C. which D. that23. The doctor had almost lost hope at one point, but the patient finally_.A. pulled outB. pulled through C. pulled upD. pulled over24. Every possible means _to prevent the air pollution, but the sky is still not clear.A. is used B. are used
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