英语B级考试语法.ppt

Vocabulary Structure 被动语态 语态是动词的一种形式 用以说明主语与谓语动词之间的关系 英语的语态共有两种 主动语态和被动语态 主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者 被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者 ManypeoplespeakEnglish 主动 Englishisspokenbymanypeople 被动 许多人学英语 B级考试中常考 被动语态 一般现在时 be am is are 过去分词一般过去时 be was were 过去分词一般将来时的被动语态 Will be 过去分词现在完成时 has have been 过去分词情态动词的被动语态 Can should must could may be 过去分词不定式的被动语态 Tobe 过去分词 Historyismadebythepeople TheEiffelTowerwascompletedin1889 Moresubwaylineswillbebuiltinthefuture Englishhasbeenstudiedfor3yearsbyusatschool Musiccanbeeasilydownloadedfromtheinternet Therearetwentymoretreestobeplanted 牛刀小试 1 Shedidn treceivedtheapplicationform it tothewrongaddress sentB besentC wassentD beingsent2 AsfarasI mconcerned Idon tlike inthatway A tobetreatedB totreatC treatedD treating3 Ifeelit sagreathonorforme tothisparty toinvitedB inviteC havinginvitedD tobeinvited4 Thisarticleiswellwrittenbecausespecialattention tothechoiceofwordsandstylesofwriting hadbeenpaidB hasbeenpaidC willbepaidD willhavepaid 1 Thefinaldecision make bytheteamleaderearlynextweek 2 Wecanarrangeforyourcarto repair withinareasonableperiodoftime 3 Allvisitorstothelab expect totakeofftheirshoesbeforetheyenter 4 Wearepleasedtolearnthatthatproblem solve atyesterday smeeting 5 Thegoodsthatyouorderedtenyearsagewill deliver toyoutomorrow 6 Thispicture take byyoungreporterinBeijinglastmonth 7 Yesterday thesecretary give thetasktomakearrangementsfortheannualmeeting 8 Thenewmachineoughtto test beforeitisputtouse 9 Ifyousmokeinthisnon smokingarea youwill fine 50 虚拟语气subjectivemood表示所说的话只是一种主观的愿望 假想和建议等 Weonlywishwecouldhelp 我们但愿能提供帮助 表愿望 Iftherewerenogravity weshouldnotbeabletowalk 假若没有引力 我们就不能行走 表假想 Hesuggeststhatweshouldallgotoseethefilm 他建议我们都去看这个电影 表建议 与现在事实相反IfIwereyou Iwouldrefusethemoney 假如我是你的话 我就不会要那钱 与过去事实相反Wewouldhavedroppedbyifwehadhadtime 假若我们有时间的话 我们就会顺道拜访 与将来事实可能相反Ifyoudroppedtheglass itwouldbreak 假如你把玻璃杯掉在地上 它会打碎的 虚拟语气的其他用法 用在主语从句 其谓语用should 动词原形 或should have 过去分词 常用在Itis was important suggested requested that 句型中Itisimportantthatweshouldspeakpolitely 我们说话要有礼貌 这是很重要的 用在宾语从句 一种是用作动词wish的宾语从句 另一种是谓语用should 动词原形或只用动词原形的that从句 musthavedone 表示对过去已发生的事进行肯定的推测 三 宾语从句中的虚拟语气英语中 如 advise ask demand desire decide insist 坚决要求 order propose request suggest 建议 表示请求 要求 命令或建议等意义的动词所接的宾语从句一般用虚拟语气 其虚拟语气的结构为 should 原形动词 如 Theteacheradvisedthatweshouldmakegooduseofeveryminutehere 老师劝我们要好好地利用在这儿的每一分钟 ThePartyaskedthatweshouldservethepeoplewithourheartandsoul 党要求我们要全心全意地为人民服务 1 Ican tfindthekeytomyoffice I havelostitonmywayhome wouldB shouldC mustD oughtto2 IfI thatyourbusinesswasgrowingsorapidly Iwouldn thavebeenworriedaboutit KnowB knewC hadknownD haveknown3 IfIhadn tattendedanimportantmeetingyesterday I toseeyou willhavecomeB wouldhavecomeC havecomeD hadcome4 Ifyouhadenoughmoney what A willyoubuyB wouldyoubuyC wouldyouhaveboughtD willyouhavebought 5 Ididn tseeyoursisteratthemeeting Ifshe shewouldhavemetmybrother hascomeB didcomeC cameD hadcome1 ThedoctorrecommendedthatMary start thehealthprogramassoonaspossible2 Iftheengineer come hereyesterday theproblemwouldhavebeensolved 3 Wedemandthatthetourguide tell usimmediatelyaboutanychangeintheschedule 非谓语动词 非谓语动词包括动词不定式 动词ing形式和过去分词 1 Tohearyourvoiceissonice 听到你的声音真高兴 2 Readingbooksmakesonewise 读书使人明智 3 ThisisabookwrittenbyBalzac 这是巴尔扎克写的一本书 Itisquitedifficultforme decide whoshouldbegiventhejob 带to的不定式作主语时 常用形式主语it代替 其作表语的形容词有important easy difficult hard good bad right等 Advancesinmedicaltechnologyhavemadeitpossibleforpeople live longer It s adjforsb todosth 固定搭配 1 Noreaderisallowed take anyreferencebookoutofthereading room 2 Iwant pointout thatadecisionaboutthemattermustbemadeatonce 3 Ifyourcreditisgood youwillbeallowed use thecreditcard 4 Advancesinmedicaltechnologyhavemadeitpossibleforpeople live longer 分词作状语 Customersconsiderlocationasthefirstfactorwhen adecisionaboutbuyingahouse A makeB madeC tomakeD makingMake和逻辑主语customers之间是主动关系Theytalkedtohimforhours try topersuadehimtochangehismind 现在分词作目的状语 逻辑主语必须与主句相同 1 Wetalkedformorethanthreehourswithout acupoftea A tohaveB havingC haveD had2 Before forthejob youwillberequiredtotakealanguagetest applyB applyingC appliedD toapply3 Asthepriceofoilkeeps peoplehavetopaymorefordrivingacar togoupB goingupC goneupD goup4 Locationisthefirstthingcustomersconsiderwhen tobuyahouse planningB plannedC toplanD havingplanned5 Shetoldusbrieflyabouthowtheysucceededin thenewproduct A developB todevelopingC developedD developing 1 ThankyouforyourletterofApril15 tell usaboutMr JohnBrown svisittoourcompanyonMay10 2 Wearelookingforwardto work withyouinthefuture 3 Thatnewfilmisworth see forthesecondtime 4 Nowmanyyoungpeoplespendseveralhoursaday talk onamobilephone 5 Ittookmeseveralweekstogetusedto drive ontheleftsideoftheroadinLondon 短语的理解 1 Thedepartmentmanager anewplantopromotesalesatthemeeting A tookawayB putforwardC lookedafterD goton2 Peterwill thejobasSaleManagerwhenJohnretires PutawayB takeoverC workoutD makeup3 Therewasaheavyfogthismorning sononeoftheplanescould A GetthroughB takeoffC pulloutD breakaway 4 Please yourreportcarefullybeforeyouhanditintome turntoB bringaboutC gooverD putup5 yournameandjobtitle thebusinesscardshouldalsoincludeyourtelephonenumberandaddress AsfarasB InadditiontoC InspiteofD Asaresultof6 Ifthemachineshould callthisnumberimmediately breakdownB setoutC putonD goup 7 Ifyouwanttojointheclub you llhaveto thisformfirst putupB tryoutC fillinD setup8 Theyhadtogiveupheplanbecausetheyhad euptoB gotalongwithC runoutofD takenchargeof9 Shetoldusbrieflyabouthowtheysucceededin thenewproduct setupB breakupC getupD turnup10 Theworkseemedeasyatfirstbutit tobequitedifficult A brokeoutB turnedoutC workedoutD setout 11 I theformermanagerwhenIwasonaflighttoBeijing ranintoB tookawayC putonD shutdown12 You dbetter advicebeforemakingaprojectplan putdownB takeinC turnoutDaskfor13 WhiletravelinginFrance he someeverydayEnglish gaveupB pickedupC drewupD gotup14 We regoingto thetaskthatwehaven tfinished takeawayB carryonC getontoD keepoff15 Time veryfastandanewyearwillbeginsoon A takenoffB goesbyC pullsupD getsalong 连词 连词是虚词 起着连接词与词 短语与短语 句子与句子的作用 连词包括并列连词和从属连词 并列连词从属连词 并列连词 表示并列关系的并列连词 这类连词主要有and or either or neither nor notonly but also both and aswellas等表示转折关系的并列连词 这类连词主要有but yet等表示因果关系的并列连词 这类连词主要有for so等 从属连词 从属连词是引导从句的连词 1 引导宾语从句的连词1 that连接由陈述句转变而来的宾语从句2 who whom what which whose when where why how连接由特殊疑问句转变而来的宾语从句 3 if whether连接由一般疑问句转变而来的宾语从句 2 引导状语从句的连词1 时间状语从句 when before after until assoonas 主将从现 since 主句一般用现在完成时 2 条件状语从句 if unless3 原因状语从句 because4 方式状语从句 than5 结果状语从句 so that such that 6 让步状语从句 though although7 目的状语从句 sothat 1 shejoinedthecompanyonlyayearago she salreadybeenpromotedtwice AlthoughB BecauseC IfD When2 Ithasbeenquitealongtime thetwocompaniesestablishedabusinessrelationship AlthoughB becauseC ifD since3 therainstopsbefore12o clock wewillhavetocancelthegame AsB SinceC WhileD Unless4 Lisawasbusytakingnotes MarkwassearchingtheInternetfortheinformation untilB unlessC whileD if5 hislectureisshort itgivesusaclearpictureofthenewprogram A IfB BecauseC AlthoughD When 动词 一 MindmentionthanktravelstartwritePreparesendtypevisitshowenjoycostContactsmokeapplyjoincancelturnExpectallowpromisebecomeimprove 二 arriveawareuseacceptattendkillsucceedstopintroducediscusspromotePointsolveinvitesaveprovide 三 RememberforgetrequirepracticeFailexplaincreatebuildspendsharestayfillsetcommunicateunderstandearndealpushpickenterdecreasedecide 四 recommendaffecttreatincreasehelppaybookchooseservedevelopchangefinishdeleteapologizecheckraisecarrybeat 1 Pleasekeepadetailed oftheworkthatyouhavedone paperB ideaC exerciseD record2 Softdrinksalesinthiscityhave by8 comparedwithlastyear pickedB movedC increasedD pushed3 Jackcalledtheairlineto hisflighttoBeijingthismorning improveB believeC confirmD insure4 Inhisreportoftheaccidenthe someimportantdetails A missedB wastedC escapedD failed 5 Don t metohelpyouifyouarenotworkinghard guessB speakC planD expect6 I msorry butIhaveaquestionto you treatB influenceC askD change7 Myimpressionoftheserviceinthehotelwasthatithadreally improvedB impliedC importedD imagined8 Howmuchdoesit totaketheonlinetrainingcourse costB giveC payD spend9 Wehaven tenoughroomsforeveryone sosomeofyouwillhaveto aroom A shareB stayC spareD live 形容词与副词 一 形容词的比较级和最高级二 副词的比较级和最高级三 形容词修饰名词四 副词修饰动词 形容词 1 Ofallthehotelsinthecity thisoneisthe good 2 Thisquestionis difficult thantheoneIhaveanswered 3 The last modeloftheracingcarwillbeondisplayattheexhibitionthisweek 4 Thefilmturnedouttobe successful thanwehadexpected 5 Itisafactthattraditionalmealsare healthy thanfastfoods 比较级和最高级 6 Johnisthe good engineerwehaveeverhiredinourdepartment7 Themorecarefulyouare the well youwillbeabletocompletethework 8 Somepeoplethink much abouttheirrightthanabouttheirduties 9 Gaspricesare high herethaninotherpartsofthecountry 10 Becauselighttravels fast thansound lightningisseenbeforethunderisheard 1 Thenew nation museumwillbeopentothepublicnextweek 2 Althoughsheisyoungforthejob sheisvery experience 3 Thenewrulesforenvironmentalprotectionhavebeen wide acceptedbythepublic 4 Whata wonder partyitwas Ienjoyedeveryminuteofit 5 Themanagerhaspromisedthatshewilldealwiththematter immediate 词性转换 6 Thevisitorswere disappoint tofindthemuseumclosedwhentheyrushedthere 7 InChina itisquite nature forpeopletogobackhomefortheSpringFestival 8 Whilethisnewlawdoesnot direct affectthequalityofwork itwillgreatlybenefitemployees 9 general speaking heisapersonthatyoucantrust 10 Itwillbevery help ifeachmemberpresentshisorherownopinionatthemeeting