英国教育体系-英文.ppt

Chapter5TheBritishEducationalSystem SchoolToday Pre primarySchoolsPrimarySchoolsSecondarySchoolsUniversity College Pre PrimarySchools Pre schooleducationisavailable oftenonafee payingbasis forchildrenaged2to4 5throughplaygroupsandnurseryschools manyareprivate Theemphasisisongroupwork creativeactivityandguidedplay 1 StateSchools 公立学校 11 yearCompulsoryEducation 5 16 StatePrimarySchool ComprehensiveSchool 84 GrammarSchool 3 orSecondaryModernSchool 7 2 PublicSchools IndependentSchools 独立学校 公学 PrepSchool Public Independent School 7 TwoSystemsofprimaryandsecondaryeducationinBritain Question Whatarethemaindifferencesbetweenthetwo PrimaryPhase Compulsoryeducationbeginsat5inEngland WalesandScotlandand4inNorthernIreland Pupilsmainlyattendstatesectorprimaryschools co educationalormixedschools InfantsSchools FirstSchools for2yearsfrom5 JuniorSchools for4yearsto11 There slittleornospecialistsubjectteachingandgreatemphasisisonliteracyandnumeracyinearlyyears PrepSchools 预备学校 from7 8to13 separate fees entranceexam SecondarySchools StateSchools 93 1 ComprehensiveSchools 84 Noentranceexam generaleducation 2 GrammarSchools the11plus examination preparingpupilswithacademicpotentialforhighereducation 3 3 SecondaryModernSchools 7 PublicSchools IndependentSchools 7 TheNationalCurriculum EnglishDesign TechnologyGeographyMathematicsInformationTechnologyMusic ScienceArtPhysicalEducationHistoryModernForeignLanguage Exams Compulsoryeducationendsatage16 At16 studentsinEnglandandWalestakeGCSE GeneralCertificateofSecondaryEducation examinationsinvolvingafinalexam anassessmentofworkdoneduringthetwo yearcourse orbothofthesethings Thentheycanleaveschoolandfindajob OtherpupilswhodecidenottogotouniversitymaychoosetotakevocationaltrainingandgettheGNVQ GeneralNationalVocationalQualification PublicSchools IntheUKprivateschoolsareconfusinglycalledpublicschools Onlyenrollpupilsfromprepschools Hightuitionfees largequantityofsocialendowments affordingsmallerclasses betterfaculty withnicesalaries Mainlysingle sexratherthanco edschools Boardingschools Question Whoareattendingsuchschools Thestudentsarelargelyfromaristocratic 贵族 andupperclassfamilies Despitethehighfeestheyaccountforaround7 ofthetotalschoolpopulation BUTopponentsvoicedoubts It ssociallydivisiveandbreedselitism theyareofferingmorepromisingopportunitiesto7 ofBritishchildren butit sunfairfortheremaining93 TheMostWell knownPublicSchools EtonCollege 1440byKingHenryVI HarrowSchool 1571 Byron Churchill forBoysonly WinchesterCollege 1394 RugbySchool 1567 Rugbywasfirstplayedhere Tosendaboytoaleadingpublicschoolcosts 1200to 2000 even 3500aterm EtonCollege ForboysONLY Itsstudentsarefromnobleandupperclassfamilies PrinceCharles William Harry Sofar about20PMswereeducatedatEton Theschoolfeeincludestuition board lodging laundry personalaccidentinsurance andthecostofmostactivities HowmuchisthetuitionatEton Anannualfeeofabout 16 000 EtonCollege EtonPupils withthetutor HigherEducation AllBritishuniversitiesareself governingandfee charging TheyreceivefinancialaidthroughtheUniversityGrantsCommitteefromthegovernment Over42 ofpupilsbecomeuniversitystudentsonleavingschoolat18 110universitiesinUK 93inEngland 13inScotland 2inWalesand2inN Ireland 3categories olduniversities redbrickuniversities 1850 1930 newuniversities WWII present EntranceProcedures InthethirdtermofYear12 studentspreparetheirapplicationstouniversity ApplicationsarethenmadeinthefirsttermoftheYear13throughonecentralizedorganizationknownasUCAS UniversitiesandCollegesAdmissionsService大学院校入学委员会 Studentscanapplytoamaximumof6universities institutions Admission selectiononbasisofAlevelresults aninterview Fee charging ontheaverage 1200 3000 DegreesBA BSc3yearsfull timeMA MSc1yearfull time 2yearspart timePhDatleast3yearsoriginalresearchBA BachelorofArts 文学学士 BSc BachelorofScience 理学学士 BS 同上 Independentwork Studentsaresupposedtoinvestigateatopicindetailanddeveloptheirownviewsaboutit off campusresearch Thisusuallyinvolvesworkingindividuallyorinasmallgroupwithotherstudentstoresearchatopic Producewrittenworkormakepresentationforaseminar Coursework课程论文 学年作业 Thismayincludeessays reports projects presentationsorreflections Courseworkisassessedandgivengrades Assessment acombinationofmethodsQuestion Isthewrittenexamamustforcourseassessment NOTnecessarily TakeMarketingManagementforexample coursework65 grouppresentation20 individualreflection20 businessplan25 writtenexam35 Plagiarism剽窃 Plagiarismmeanspresentingotherpeople sworkasone sownwithoutacknowledgingthesourceorreferencing Cheatingorplagiarismcanresultinstudentsnotbeingallowedtograduate Adviceisnormallygivenbyyourprofessorsonanacceptablewayandamountofreferencing footnote bibliography Cambridge CambridgeUniversitywasfoundedin1209bystudentsfleeingfromOxfordafteroneofthemanyepisodesofviolencebetweentheuniversityandthetownofOxford FamousStudents JohnMiltonCharlesDarwinPrinceCharles OxfordUniversity FamousStudents OscarWildeSamuelJohnsonBillClintonTonyBlairMargaretThatcher Oxford LegendhasitthatOxfordUniversitywasfoundedbyKingAlfredin872toencourageeducationandestablishschoolsthroughouthisterritory Likeagrammarschool itwasjustaplaceforteachingLatingrammaratthattime TheUniversityactuallybeganinthe12thcenturyasgatheringsofstudentsaroundpopularmasters Theuniversityconsistedofpeople notbuildings Thebuildingscamelaterasarecognitionofsomethingthatalreadyexisted Inaway Oxfordwasneverfounded itgrew ChancellorofOxford Oxfordisoneofthegreatestuniversitiesintheworld Ithasplayedadistinguishedpartinthehistoryofourcountryandourcontinent andhasmuchtocontributetooursuccessandourwell beingasacivilizedcommunityinthefuture ChrisPatten