研究生英语综合教程上-熊海虹Unit1-9答案.ppt

高等院校研究生英语系列教材 综合教程 上 INTEGRATEDCOURSE Unit1 Unit1Planningyourfuturecareer Content StartingoutReadingFocusReadingMorePracticalTranslationFocusedWritingFinalProject Task1StepOneWorktogetherwithyourpartnerandfillinthetablewiththeattributesthatyouthinkmakeagoodemployerandagoodemployeeonpage2 Startingout Task1 Reference Startingout Task1 StepTwoChoosethemostimportantthreeattributesforpeopleineachrole andgiveyourreasons Reference employee goodhealth cooperativenessemployer goodhealth greatcommunicativeskills Goodhealthisthefoundationforcareerdevelopment whateverroleoneplays Foranemployee cooperativenessensuresthesmoothprogressofaworkproject sincemanyprojectsinvolvethecooperationofmanyworkers Asanemployer hemustbegoodatCommunicatingwithdifferentpeople whichistheguaranteeofapleasantinterpersonalrelationshipinhisbusiness alongwiththesuccessfulbuildingupofthesocialnetwork Startingout Task1 StepThreeBasedonyourworkdoneintheprevioustwosteps telleachotherwhatyouwouldliketobeaftergraduation anemployeroranemployee Givereasonsforyourchoice Wordsorphrasesforyourreference runabusiness inpossessionofbusiness betolerantofbeconsiderateof ambitious asenseofachievementmanage endure confident good tempered cooperativeopen minded punctual positive flexible generous Startingout Task1 Task2Readthefourcasesofjobhoppingonpage2andjudgewhethertheyarebeneficialordisadvantageoustothepersonsconcerned Startingout Task2 Task3Readthefollowingtwopiecesofparentaladviceonpage3anddiscusswithyourpartnerwhichoneyouwouldfollow Startingout Whateveryoudecidetodowithyourlife makesureit ssomethingpractical Youwillwanttobeabletomakeagoodlivingforyourselfandyourfamily 2 Wedon tcarewhatyousetouttostudy justmakesureit ssomethingyouenjoy Startingout Task3 JobmarketinUSThisyear scollegegraduatesinUSarefacedwithahardtestofjobmarket ListencarefullytoareportonthehighunemploymentrateforAmericanyouththissummeranddothefollowingexercise Startingout Startingout ExerciseDirections Basedonthereportyou vejustheard tellwhetherthefollowingstatementsareTrueorFalse makecorrectionsiftheyarefalse Theunemploymentrateofpeopleat20to42agebracketinMaywas14 7 fivetenthspercentagepointslowerthanthenationalrate AccordingtoNACE employmentsituationin2007wasmoreoptimistic withmorecollegegraduatesfindingjobsandwithahigherstartingpaythaninthisyear Takinganinternshipprogramisaneffectivewaytocatchpublicattention Jobmarketpredictionstellsthatinthenext8yearsgraduateswithadegreeinbiomedicalengineeringarepromisingtosecureagoodjob SarahKramerfoundajobwithamajorITcompanyinWashington afterapplyingtoaboutahundredandfifteenjobsandgoingonfiftyinterviews 1 Theunemploymentrateofpeopleat20to42agebracketinMaywas14 7 fivetenthspercentagepointslowerthanthenationalrate Correction Theunemploymentrateofpeopleat20to24agebracketinMaywas14 7 fivepercentagepointshigherthanthenationalrate 2 AccordingtoNACE employmentsituationin2007wasmoreoptimistic withmorecollegegraduatesfindingjobsandwithahigherstartingpaythaninthisyear Startingout F T ExerciseDirections Basedonthereportyou vejustheard tellwhetherthefollowingstatementsareTrueorFalse makecorrectionsiftheyarefalse 3 Takinganinternshipprogramisaneffectivewaytocatchpublicattention Correction Takinganinternshipprogramisaneffectivewaytogetnoticed andthenajob 4 Jobmarketpredictionstellsthatinthenext8yearsgraduateswithadegreeinbiomedicalengineeringarepromisingtosecureagoodjob 5 SarahKramerfoundajobwithamajorITcompanyinWashington afterapplyingtoaboutahundredandfifteenjobsandgoingonfiftyinterviews Correction SarahKramerfoundajobwithamajorconsultingcompanyinWashington afterapplyingtoaboutahundredandfiftyjobsandgoingonfifteeninterviews Startingout F F T AudioscriptJobMarket anExtraHardTestforNewCollegeGraduates10June2010ThisistheVOASpecialEnglishEconomicsReport Junemeansonemorebigtestformanystudentsfinishingcollege atestofthejobmarket Wishthemluck Americansagetwentytotwenty fourfacedanunemploymentrateinMayoffourteenandseven tenthspercent Thatwasfivepercentagepointshigherthanthenationalrate Thisweek FederalReserveChairmanBenBernankesaidhis bestguess isforacontinuedeconomicrecovery Butthecentralbankchiefexpectsunemploymenttoremainhighforsometimebecauseofslowjobcreation Sowheredoesthatleavethisyear sgraduates Startingout AudioscriptTheNationalAssociationofCollegesandEmployerssaysaboutone fourthofthosewhoappliedforajobhavefoundone NACEsaysthatisupalittlefromlastyear Butthenumberisdownsharplyfromtwothousandseven theyearbeforethefinancialcrash Startingpayisalsodown JoshSafrangraduatedfromAmericanUniversityinWashingtonwithabusinessdegree Heisstilllookingforajob JOSHSAFRAN Onceyougetnoticedbyacompany itgetsaloteasier butit ssohardtogetnoticedbecausethere ssomanypeoplelookingforsofewjobs Onewaytogetnoticedisthroughaninternshipprogram saysReubenSmith Vaughn anothergraduateofAmericanUniversity Startingout Audioscript REUBENSMITH VAUGHN IknowIpersonallygotmyjobthatway Andthepeoplethatworkedtherebeforemegottheirjobsthatway SoIthinkit sakeywhengettingajob Internshipsmayofferlittleornomoney Somestudentsevenpayforthem ButNACEsaysninety twopercentoftheemployersitaskedhadplanstohireinternsthisyear TheOccupationalOutlookHandbookpublishedbytheLaborDepartmentoffersjobmarketpredictionsthroughtwentyeighteen Thehighestgrowthisexpectedinbiomedicalengineering Twenty twoyearoldSarahKramerjustgotherdegreeinbiomedicalengineeringfromColumbiaUniversityinNewYork ShefoundajobwithamajorconsultingcompanyinWashington Buthersearchwasnoteasy Startingout Audioscript SARAHKRAMER IstartedinAugustbeforemysenioryear AndIsetupappointmentswithcareerservices Iappliedtoaboutahundredandfiftyjobs Iwentonmaybefifteeninterviews Ms Kramersaysmanyofherfriendshavenotfoundjobs Manyhavechosentogotograduateschoolinstead Butshehassuggestionsforstudentsenteringtheirfinalyearofcollegewhowantajobwhentheygraduate SARAHKRAMER Well adviceforarisingsenioristostartearly Takeadvantageofyourcareerservicesatyourschoolasmuchasyoucan Anddon tgiveup andjustkeepapplyingtoasmanyjobsasyoucan Startingout Startingout AudioscriptJoshSafransayshemayhavetodowhatagrowingnumberofrecentcollegegraduatesaredoing JOSHSAFRAN Worst casescenario ifIdon tfindajobbytheendofAugust Imovebackwithmyparents TraitsoftheKeyPlayers ReadingFocus ReadingFocus WatchamovieclipfromamovieThePursuitofHappiness thenworkonthefollowingquestions WhatdoyouthinkaboutChrisGardner WouldyouhireChrisGardnerifyouweretheboss Viewing Clickthepicture ReadingMore GlobalUnderstanding Introduction QuestionA Answer Keyplayer refersto QuestionB Answer Companiesrecruittheirstaffeitherby or ReadingFocus GlobalUnderstanding Whatdoestheterm keyplayers referto ahandfulofstaffyoucancount oninagivenareaofexpertisetogetthejobdone Howdocompaniesrecruit keyplayers hiring keyplayers fromanothercompany from newbies whoseemtohavethesametraitsasthosetoppeople A Importanceofthetrait AccordingtoJohnFetzer B Waysofdevelopingthetrait a b c asapersonwhofostersandinitiatescollaborations andmakesure Trait1 Theselflesscollaborator onecan tsucceedinanindustry environmentwithoutthemindsetofbeingcollaborativeandselfless Workingtogetherwithscientistsfromotherlabsanddisciplinesinpursuitofacommongoal Aliberaluseofthepronoun we andnotjust I whendescribingyouraccomplishments Todevelopareputationinsideyourlabandwithpeopleyour labcollaborateswith thisqualitygetsmentionedby thosewhowilltakethosereferencephonecalls ReadingFocus GlobalUnderstanding Importanceofthetrait AccordingtoDonHaut ReadingFocus GlobalUnderstanding Trait2 Asenseofurgency onewaythatcompanieswinthe competitionthathappens24 7 365istoget there faster Thistraitisarequirementnotonlyforpeoplewhocanactquickly butforthosewhocanthinkfastwiththecouragetoactontheirownconviction Trait3 Risktolerance Importanceofthetrait A Supportingevidence a b B Supportingevidence a b WhatDonHautsays BeingOKwithriskissomethingthatindustrydemands Quotationfromoneoftheclientsinajobdescription WhatDonHautsays Failureisimportantbecauseitshowsyouwerenotafraidtotakechances Companiesconsistentlylookforcandidateswhocanbewrongandadmitit ReadingFocus GlobalUnderstanding Trait4 Strengthininterpersonalrelationships Importanceofthetrait A Supportingevidence AccordingtoRickLeach B Itwouldbeamistaketoassumethat Supportingevidence Forpeopleinbusinessroles interpersonalabilitiesmakethedifferencebetweensuccessandfailure workingforabusinessrequirespeopleskills strongpeopleskillsare requiredonlyforbusinesspeople Thekeyplayerswhosucceedintheirwork atthebenchinindustryenvironmentingreatmeasuredependsontheirabilitytoworkwithabroadvarietyofpersonalities ReadingFocus GlobalUnderstanding Task2 Choosethesentencethatbestexpressesthemeaningofthesentencefromthetext P12 Key 2345678910 ReadingFocus DetailedInformation B A D B D B C B B B CriticalThinking ReadingFocus StepOneThefollowingshortparagraphsaretakenfromthetext Readeachofthemcarefullyandgiveyourcomments 1 It steamwork saysFetzer Thebusinessenvironmentislesslone wolfandcompetitive sosignsofbeingcollaborativeandselflessstandout Youjustcan tsucceedinindustrywithoutthismindset 2 Formyorganization acandidateneedstobecomfortablediscussinghisorherfailures andheorsheneedstohaverealfailures notsomethingmadeupforinterviewday Ifnot thatpersonhasnottakenenoughrisk saysHaut ReadingFocus CriticalThinking StepTwoDiscussingroupsthefollowingquestions 1 Supposeyouwerearecruitingmanager whomwouldyouliketohire keyplayers fromothercompaniesor newbies whohavejustgraduatedfromuniversities Giveyourreasons 2 Accordingtothefourtraitsofa keyplayer thattheauthorwritesabout wherewouldyouliketoworkaftergraduation inacademiaorindustry Telleachotherboththeadvantagesanddisadvantagesofworkinginthesetwodifferentenvironments ReadingFocus CriticalThinking 1 Everycompanyhasahandfulofstaffinagivenareaofexpertisethatyoucancountontogetthejobdone Para 1 staff n thegroupofpeoplewhoworkforanorganizatione g Thereisagoodrelationshipbetweenstaffandpupilsattheschool 以staff做主语的句子 谓语动词可以是单数 也可以用复数e g Thestaffhasbeencutbyaquarteroverthepastyear Thestaffarenotveryhappyaboutthelatestpayincrease ReadingFocus LanguagePoint beonthestaffof beamemberofe g HeisontheeditorialstaffoftheNewYorkTimes staff v providewithstaffe g Howmayemployeeswillittaketostaffthisresort Wehavenotenoughmoneytostaffallourschools 2 serveonthestaffofe g Mostofourofficesarestaffedbyvolunteers ReadingFocus LanguagePoint expertise n specialskillorknowledgee g Aforeigncoachhasspecialknowledgeandexpertise Weareamazedathisexpertiseontheskislope 辨析expertise n 和expert n adj Mymotherisan atdress making Ithoughtyourhandlingofthesituationwas Maryhasconsiderable inFrenchhistory expertise expert expert ReadingFocus LanguagePoint 2 Weholdthemuptothestandardsweseeinourtoppeople Para 2 Paraphrase Weevaluatethembythestandardtraitsourkeyplayersshowtous holdsb sth upto subjectsb sth tosth unpleasant suchastest mockeryetc e g Acriticoftenholdsupabooktoridiculeorcontempt 批评家经常对某本书加以嘲笑和蔑视 ReadingFocus LanguagePoint 3 Itdeservesrepeatingbecauseitisthesinglemostpublicdifferencebetweenacademiaandindustry Para 4 deserve v beworthyofe g Youdeserveapromotionafterallthehardworkyouhavedone Ithinktheydeservetobecongratulated ReadingFocus LanguagePoint singleUsedbeforethesuperlative most emphasizesthatthisisthemostpublicdifferencebetweenacademiaandindustrye g TheMiddleEastistheworld ssinglemostimportantsourceofoil Cigarettesmokingisthesinglemostlikelycauseoflungcancer ReadingFocus LanguagePoint 4 Thebusinessenvironmentislesslone wolfandcompetitive sosignsofbeingcollaborativeandselflessstandout Para 4 Thesentencemeans Comparedwithacademia thebusinessenvironmentrequireslesscapabilityindoingindividualresearchandtherearelesscompetitionsamongindividualworkers sopeopleorbehaviorsshowingthetraitsofbeingcollaborativeandselflessareeasilyrecognized lonewolf someonewhopreferstobealonee g Heisalonewolf apparentlywantingnofriendsandseekingnoman 此处是名词lonewolf当形容词用 standout tobeverynoticeablee g Wehadlotsofgoodapplicantsforthejob butonestoodoutfromtherest ReadingFocus LanguagePoint Paraphrase Manypostdoctorsandgraduatestudentsfinditveryhardtoadaptthemselvestothistransitionsincetheyhavedevotedmuchoftheirlifetodoingindependentresearchworkandtryingtodobetterthantheirpeers Translate许多博士后和研究生在进行这种过渡的过程中表现相当费力 因为生命中有那么长一段时间他们都是在扮演一个独立研究者的角色 并且要表现得比其他年轻的优秀人才更出色的 ReadingFocus LanguagePoint 5 Manypostdocsandgradstudentshaveatoughtimeshowingthattheycanmakethistransitionbecausesomuchoftheirlifehasinvolvedplayingtheindependentresearcherroleandoutshiningotheryoungstars Para 5 involve1 imply makenecessarye g Theoperationinvolvesputtingasmalltubeintoyourheart 2 implicatepersonincharge crimeetc e g Thefourmenwereallinvolvedinorganizingandcarryingoutthemurders 3 includesb orsth insth ortomakethemtakepartinorfeelpartofite g Doweneedtoinvolvesomeonefromthecomputerdepartmentatthisstageinourdiscussion ReadingFocus LanguagePoint outshine v tobebetterormoreimpressivethansb orsth elsee g Severalnewplayersoutshonetheveterans 动词前缀 out 主要有三种意思 1 doingbetterthane g Sheoutranhim 2 beingorbecomingbigger further greaterthansomeoneorsomethingelsee g She soutgrownherclothes Sheoutlivedherbrother 3 outsideorbeyondsomethinge g anoutbuildingoutlyingareas ReadingFocus LanguagePoint 6 Youcanmakeyourselfmoreattractivetocompaniesbyworkingtogetherwithscientistsfromotherlaboratoriesanddisciplinesinpursuitofacommongoal anddocumentingtheresultsonyourr sum Para 5 介词词组 inpursuitofacommongoal 当状语 相当于duringtheprocessofpursuingacommongoal anddocumentingtheresultsonyourr sum 意为 并且为你的个人履历上的内容提供事迹证明 result n theachievementofsomethinge g Shecertainlyknowshowtogetresults Forbestresults alwaysusefreshingredientswhenyouarecooking ReadingFocus LanguagePoint document n apaperorsetofpaperswithwrittenorprintedinformation esp ofanofficialtype e g Adocumentcertifyingownership Istampthedocument v provebyorsupportwithdocumentssuchasreferences certificatesandcredentials e g Hisinterestincrickethasbeenwell documentedbythemedia ReadingFocus LanguagePoint 7 Inabusiness youneedtounderstandtheprocess butyouendupfallinginlovewiththeanswerandthentakeariskbasedonwhatyouthinkthatanswermeanstoyourbusiness Para 9 fallinginlovewiththeanswer means beingmuchinterestedintheanswer 翻译 在企业里 你需要了解过程 但最终你会迷上答案 然后根据你认为该答案对你的企业所具有的意义来冒风险 ReadingFocus LanguagePoint endup1 tobefinallyinaparticularsituation state orplace afteraseriesofeventse g Mostslimmersendupputtingweightbackon Anyonewhoswimsintherivercouldendupwithanastystomachupset 2 arrivee g Ifyoudriveyourcarlikethat you llendupinhospital 3 finishe g Thepoliticianfinallyendeduphisspeech ReadingFocus LanguagePoint 8 Thescientistwhoistransitioningintothebusinessworldmustprioritizehisorherrelationshipassetsabovetheirtechnicalassets Para 11 prioritize v toputthingsinorderofimportancesothatthemostimportantonesaredonefirste g Whenyouhavetwentytasksfortheday allofthemurgent it snoteasytoprioritizethem ReadingFocus LanguagePoint asset n 1 thethingsacompanyowns thatcanbesoldtopaydebts 通常用作复数 e g acorporationwith 9billioninassetsthevalueofacompany sassets2 somethingorsomeonethatisusefulbecausetheyhelpyousecceedordealwithproblemse g Asenseofhumorisagreatassetinthisbusiness IthinkRachelwouldbeanassettothedepartment ReadingFocus LanguagePoint 辨析prior priority prioritize1 Hehadshowednosignsofbeinginpain tosufferingaheartattack 2 Banksusuallygive tolargebusinesseswhendecidingonloans 3 Thepublicwantstoseethefightagainstcrime ReadingFocus LanguagePoint prior priority prioritized 9 Tosuddenlybevaluedandmeasuredbyyourmasteryofhumanrelationshipscanbeaveryscarypropositionforapersonwhohasbeenvaluedandmeasuredonlybyhismasteryofthings saysRick Para 11 不定式短语 Tosuddenlybevaluedandmeasuredbyyourmasteryofhumanrelationships 当主语 全句的意思是 Forapersonwhohasbeenestimatedandevaluatedonlybyhisskillfulnessindealingwiththephysicalworld itisaveryfrighteningprospecttobesuddenlyestimatedandevaluatedbytheskillfulnessinbuildinguphumanrelationships proposition n problem opponent prospecte g Findingabuyerforthisoldcarisnotaneasyproposition Thepropositionofworkingallnightwasquitedepressing ReadingFocus LanguagePoint 10 Indeed thekeyplayersI vemetwhoworkatthebenchinindustryhavesucceededingreatmeasurebecausethey vebeenabletoworkwithabroadvarietyofpersonalities upanddowntheorganization Para 12 bench alongheavytableusedforworkingonwithtoolsorequipmentse g acarpenter sbench木工工作台翻译 事实上 我所遇见的在企业工作的核心员工们之所以取得成功 很大程度上是因为他们能够与公司上下各种各样的人共事 ReadingFocus LanguagePoint in a great somemeasuree g Thechildrenweregivenagreatmeasureofindependence Heisinsomemeasurerathercareless 辨析measure degree extent scope domainMostwriters toagreaterorless inclinetothesecondview Towhat areyouwillingtohelpme Manywordsareoutsidethe ofthisdictionary Thedoctorworksinthe ofpublicdomain ReadingFocus LanguagePoint degree extent scope domain personality n 1 someone scharacter especiallythewaytheybehavetowardsotherpeoplee g Hewasanambitiousmanwithstrongpersonality 2 someonewhoisfamousoftenappearsinnewspapers ontelevisionetc especiallyanentertainerorsportspersone g Oneofthemostwell likedTVpersonalities3 someonewhohasaverystrongcharacterandisverydifferentfromotherpeoplee g Hewasadynamicpersonalityinthebusinessworld ReadingFocus LanguagePoint 辨析personalitypersonpeoplehumanHeisquitea inthedistrict Itisahorriblethingtoseeone makeanothersuffer Irelandwasinhabitedbytwo Helivedforthe anddiedforthe Thatwasthebeginningofthelifeofus ReadingFocus LanguagePoint personality person peoples people people humans Key1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Task1Choosetheanswerthatisclosestinmeaningtotheunderlinedwordinthesentence P 15 A C C B D D C A ReadingFocus VocabularyinAction B D D A public c Detailsofthehighlysensitiveinformationhavenotbeenmade 2 Workingathomerequiresagooddealof 3 Heneverceasedtobeamazedbyherphysical 4 Thearticlemadeno topreviousresearchonthesubject 5 Thegreat ofourplanliesinitssimplicity 6 Thepalaceanditsgroundsareopentothe duringthesummermonths 7 Supporters outsidethecourtroomduringthetrial Task2Readthewordsandtheirexplanationsintheboxinpage16 Chooseawordtocompleteeachofthesentencesbelowandexplainitsmeaning Changetheformifnecessary discipline b strength a reference a strength d public a demonstrated b ReadingFocus VocabularyinAction 8 Ididn tenjoystudyingPhilosophy Ifoundittoomuchofatheoretical 9 Askyourteachertoactasoneofyour 10 Hesaidheleftthecompanybecauseofa clashwiththedirector 11 Differentcultureshavedifferentwaysof theirchildren 12 Thestudy thelinkbetweenpovertyandmalnutrition 13 Thedisclosureoftheinformationwillnotbeacriminaloffenceifitcanbeshownthatitwasinthe interest 14 Thebookwillbecomeastandardworkof 15 It spartlythearchitecturewhichgivesthetownits discipline c references c personality a disciplining d demonstrates a public d reference b personality c ReadingFocus VocabularyinAction Task3 Fillineachoftheblankswithanappropriatewordfromthebox Changetheformifnecessary P17 ReadingFocus VocabularyinAction prioritizecitepayteamworkcreditdemonstratesettingadjustrulediscouragepursuitemployment Theindependence versus interdependenceissuehasbeenwrittenaboutregularlyandisoftenintroducedasthemajorissueseparatingthetwoworldsofscientific1 academicandindustrial Fordecades academiahas2 lipservicetotheideaofcollaboration buttheincentive and rewardsystemhasbeenslowto3 employment paid adjust Despitethewidespreadinterestincollaborationanditsobviousvalueinanacademic4 collaborationremainsinformalandisactually5 bythetenureprocess inwhichscholarsarepenalizedforsharing6 fortheirworkwithothers ReadingFocus VocabularyinAction prioritizecitepayteamworkcreditdemonstratesettingadjustrulediscouragepursuitemployment setting discouraged credit Large scaleacademiccollaborationhastakenplacesuccessfullyinthepast theManhattanProjectandcontemporaneousradarresearch andnumerousexperimentalparticlephysicsprojects to7 justafewexamples arenotperhapsacademicinthepurestsense butthey8 thatacademicscientistscanplaywellwithothers Morerecently newsystemsbiologystudiesarebringingasenseof9 intoacademiclifesciencelabs buttherehavebeensomegrowingpains Still inmostofacademicscience includingthelifescience thelonewolfstill10 ReadingFocus VocabularyinAction priorit