泛读教程第三册第二单元.ppt

SchoolandEducation UnitTwo Quotations Themostvaluableknowledgeofmineisnotlearnedinschoolsbutbymyself Quotations Theteacherisonewhomakestwoideasgrowwhereonlyonegrewbefore ElbertHubbard Quotations Teachingismoreaboutguidancethanassurance Theteacherissupposedtoguidethestudentsontoacoursethatleadstotheend 叶圣陶 Quotations Partofteachingishelpingstudentslearntotolerateambiguity considerpossibilities andaskquestionsthatareunanswerableBillMoyers Theentireobjectoftrueeducationistomakepeoplenotmerelydotherightthings butenjoytherightthings JohnRuskin Paraphrase 1 Whenpeoplethinkofthewordeducation theythinkofapupilasasortofanimatesausagecasing 2 Butgenuineeducation isnotinsertingthestuffingsofinformationintoaperson butratherelicitingknowledgefromhim itisthedrawingoutofwhatisinthemind 3 Lookintoyourownselves andfindthesparksoftruththatGodhasputintoeveryheart andthatonlyyoucankindletoflame Paraphrase 4 becausetheprinciplesandaxiomsofgeometryarealreadyinhismind waitingtobecalledout 5 Somanyofthediscussionsandcontroversiesaboutthecontentsofeducationarefutileandinconclusive 6 Hewasbeingsostuffedwithmiscellaneousfacts withsuchanindigestiblemassofmaterial thathehadnotime andwasgivennoencouragement todrawonhisownresources tousehisownmindforanalyzingandsynthesizingandevaluatingthismaterial Paraphrase 7 Education tohaveanymeaningbeyondthepurposeofcreatingwell informeddunces mustelicitfromthepupilwhatislatentineveryhumanbeing therulesofreason theinnerknowledgeofwhatisproperformentobeanddo 8 Pupilsaremorelikeoystersthansausages Therearepearlsineachofus ifonlyweknewhowtocultivatethemwithardorandpersistence ReadingFourU S KidsNeedMoreSchoolTime Structure PartI 01 04Thehistoryofschoolcalendarandwhythereisamismatch PartII 05 09ThereasonsforchangingschoolcalendarandpossibleoppositionPartIII 10 11Boyer ssuggestionsPartIV 12Theconclusionandcallingonaction Paraphrase 1 Thekidsarehangingout Ipasssmallbandsofonce and futurestudentsonmywaytoworkthesemornings 2 Thecalendarcalledtheschoolyearranoutonthemafewweeksago 3 Likeotherswhofallthroughthecracksoftheirparents makeshiftplans aweekwithrelatives adayattheplayground theyhangout Paraphrase 4 Formuchofourhistory afterall Americansframedtheschoolyeararoundtheneedsofworkandfamily 5 Thesix hourday the180 dayschoolyearisregardedassomethingsacrosanct 6 Dr Boyerisoneofmanywhobelievethatradicalrevisionoftheschoolcalendarisinevitable School whetherwelikeitornot iscustodialandeducational Paraphrase 7 Schoolsareroutinelyburdenedwiththejobofsolvingalloutsocialproblems Cantheybeaskednowtosynchronizewithourworkandfamilylife 8 Itmaybeeasiertopromotealongerschoolyearonitseducationalmeritsand indeed theeducationalcaseiscompelling 9 Thelongsummersofforgettingtakeatoll Paraphrase 10 Butthecruxoftheconflicthasbeenovermoney 11 Thethirdstepwillbethehardest atrueoverhauloftheschoolyear Once schoolwascarefullycalibratedtoarrangechildren sschedulesaroundtheedgesoffamilyneeds CheckYourComprehension A 1 T2 T3 F4 T5 F B 1 a2 b3 d4 d5 a6 d CheckYourComprehension 1 Whatistrueeducationaccordingtotheauthor 2 Whatdoestheauthormeanbythecomparisonofstudentstosausagesandoysters 3 Cananordinarypersonwithoutanyschoolingdealwithageometricalproblem 4 Whydoestheauthorthinkthatmanydiscussionsaboutthecontentofeducationareuseless 5 Whydoesthecollegestudentmentionedbytheauthorinthearticlenothappywithhisstudy CheckYourVocabulary 1 a2 b3 d4 c5 a6 d GroupDiscussion 1 Definewhattrueeducationisinyourownterms 2 How accordingtoyourownexperience domostteachersinChinateach 3 Doyouhavetimeforreadinganddoingwhatyouarereallyinterestedinasauniversitystudent 4 Haveyourteacherstreatedyoulikeasausageorlikeanoyster Doyouhaveadifferentcomparisontodescribeyourpersonalexperience TeachingPracticeintheUS Mostprofessorsseetheirroleashelpingstudentstoacquirelearningskillsratherthaninstructingstudents Theybelievethateveryindividualhasthecapabilitytodiscoverknowledgeforhimselforherselfandthatthismodeoflearningissuperiortorotememorizationoffacts Theyrespecttheknowledgeandexperiencesstudentsbringtotheclass Studentsareexpectedtospeakupandnotjusthavementaldiscussionsintheirownhead GradingSystemintheUS Paraphrase 1 Sometimeago IreceivedacallfromacolleaguewhoaskedifIwouldbetherefereeonthegradingofanexaminationquestion 2 Theinstructorandthestudentagreedtosubmitthistoanimpartialarbiter andIwasselected 3 Ipointedoutthatthestudentreallyhadastrongcaseforfullcredit sincehehadansweredthequestioncompletelyandcorrectly Paraphrase 4 Ahighgradeissupposedtocertifycompetenceinphysics buttheanswerdidnotconfirmthis 5 Inthenextminute hedashedoffhisanswer whichread 6 HeconcededandIgavethestudentalmostfullcredit Paraphrase 7 Forexample youcouldtakethebarometeroutonasunnydayandmeasuretheheightofthebarometer thelengthofitsshadow andthelengthoftheshadowofthebuilding andbytheuseofasimpleproportion determinetheheightofthebuilding 8 Ifyouwantamoresophisticatedmethod youcantiethebarometertotheendofastring swingitasapendulum anddeterminethevalueof g atthestreetlevelandatthetopofthebuilding Fromthedifferencebetweenthetwovaluesof g theheightofthebuildingcan inprinciple becalculated Paraphrase 9 Headmittedthathedid butsaidthathewasfedupwithhighschoolandcollegeinstructorstryingtoteachhimhowtothink tousethe scientificmethod andtoexplorethedeepinnerlogicofthesubjectinapedanticway 10 Withthisinmind hedecidedtorevivescholasticismasanacademiclarktochallengetheSputnik panickedclassroomsofAmerica CheckYourComprehensionA 1 T2 T3 T4 F5 F6 F CheckYourComprehensionB 1 Takethebarometertothetopofthebuilding attachalongropetoit lowerthebarometertothestreet andthenbringitupandmeasurethelengthoftherope Thelengthoftheropeistheheightofthebuilding 2 Takethebarometertothetopofthebuildingandleanovertheedgeoftheroof Dropthebarometerandtimeitsfallwithastopwatch Then usetheformulaS at2tocalculatetheheightofthebuilding 3 Takethebarometeroutonasunnydayandmeasuretheheightofthebarometer thelengthoftheitsshadow andthelengthofthebuilding Youwillgettheheightofthebuildingwiththeuseofasimpleproportion CheckYourComprehensionB 4 Takethebarometerandwalkupthestairs Asyouclimbthestairs markoffthelengthofthebarometeralongthewall Thencountthenumberofthemarks andthiswillgivetheheightofthebuildinginbarometerunits 5 Tiethebarometertotheendofastringandswingitasapendulumanddeterminethevalueof g atthestreetlevelandatthetopofthebuilding Theheightofthebuildingcan inprinciple becalculatedfromthedifferencebetweenthetwovaluesof g 6 Takethebarometertothebasementandknockonthesuperintendent sdoor Tellhimyouwillgivehimthebarometerasanexchangeifhetellsyoutheheightofthebuilding CheckYourVocabulary 1 Ajudgeshouldbeimpartial 2 Thependulumofpublicopinionhasswungback 3 Hewasmeticulous butneverpedantic 4 Theyfailedtofulfilltheirpromisestorevivetheeconomy 5 Shedashedoffaquickletterexcusinghimfromschoolthatday 6 Theproportionofmentowomeninthepopulationhaschangedinrecentyears 7 Iamgettingfedupwithyourstupidcomments 8 IagreewithitinprinciplebutIdoubtitwillhappeninpractice InPraiseoftheFWord Paraphrase 1 Theirvaliditywillbequestionedonlywhentheiremployersdiscoverthatthesegraduatesaresemi literate 2 There highschoolgraduatesandhighschooldropoutspursuinggraduateequivalencycertificateswilllearntheskillstheyshouldhavelearnedinschool 3 Nowriters blockhere Paraphrase 4 But asIrediscovereachtimeIwalkintotheclassroom beforeateachercanexpectstudentstoconcentrate hehastogettheirattention nomatterwhatdistractionsmaybeathand 5 Thatistorevealthetrumpcardoffailure 6 Ouryoungest aworld classcharmer didlittletodevelophisintellectualtalents butalwaysgotby Paraphrase 7 Iurged believingtheembarrassmentwouldgethimtosettledown 8 IregainedmycomposureandmanagedtosaythatIthoughtshewasright 9 Iseeaparadeofstudentswhoareangryandresentfulforhavingbeenpassedalonguntiltheycouldnolongerevenpretendtokeepup Paraphrase 10 mostkidsdon tputschoolfirstontheirlistunlesstheyperceivesomethingisatstake They dratherbesailing 11 Flunkingasaregularpolicyhasjustasmuchmerittodayasitdidtwogenerationsago 12 However makingitworkagainwouldtakeadedicated caringconspiracybetweenteachersandparents 13 whileitmightsavethemgrieffortheshortterm doomsthemtolong termilliteracy CheckYourComprehensionA 1 a2 b3 c4 c5 d6 a CheckYourComprehensionB 1 T2 T3 F4 T5 F CheckYourVocabularyA 1 Spainhasatlastproducedhertrumpcardandsentonthefieldofbattlehermostdeadlyweapon 2 Thereisagreatdealofmoneyatstakeiftheprojectfails Wemustdosomethingaboutitimmediately 3 Wemustfollowtheplanthroughtotheend 4 Youshouldhangontothatletter Youmightneeditlater CheckYourVocabularyA 5 Ipickedupabookthathappenedtobeathand 6 Hehadmanagedtogetbywithoutmuchreadingandwriting 7 Everybodysettlesdownsowecanhearthestory 8 Spendingsomuchtimeplayingsportissettinghimbackatschool CheckYourVocabularyB 1 Ihavelongfeltthathelacksmaturity Iguessheisstillyoung 2 Thenewtaxeswillbeamajorimpedimenteconomicgrowth Thegovernmentshouldreconsiderthewholeissuebeforelettingthetaxestakeeffect 3 Shewassoflusteredthatsheforgottoclosethedoor 4 Hemanagedtorecoverhiscomposurequicklyafterthecaraccident 5 Therewasshymodestlybehindthatsteelydetermination CheckYourVocabularyB 6 Theywerearrestedforconspiracyagainstthegovernment 7 Theteacherflunkedherbecauseshedidnotfollowtheinstructionsintheexam 8 Thejurylistenedcarefullytothewitness stestimonyofwhathesawatthesceneofthecrime 9 I mhopingtogetmyteachingdiplomathisyear 10 Hewasveryresentfulatthewayhewastreated KidsHangOut Paraphrase 1 Likeotherchildrenwhoaresometimesleftwithnosupervisionbecauseoftheirparents temporaryplan aweekatrelatives place oronedaybythemselvesattheplayground theywanderaroundaimlessly doingnothing 2 Canweaskschoolstoarrangefortheircalendartosuitourworkandfamilylives 3 Ifwestateclearlythatalongerschoolcalendarwillbeeducationalworthwhile probablyitwillbeeasierforittobecomeareality Infacteducationalsituationreallyneedachange 4 Thefactthatkidsareawayfromschoolanddon tstudyallsummerhasaseriouseffectontheirstudies 5 Inthepast theschoolcalendarwasregulatedtosuitfamilyneeds CheckYourVocabularyB 1 Thelongwalkingwasbeginningtotakeatollonallofus 2 Heseemstothinkthere ssomethingsacrosanctabouthisannualfishingtrip 3 No no Therhythmwasnotsynchronizedwiththesteps Weneedtodoitagain 4 Herewecometothecruxofthematter 5 Theycalibratedtheirresponsetotheurgingsofpublic relationmen 6 Theengineswereoverhauledbeforeourdeparturebecausewewantedtohaveasafejourney 7 That sthecornerwhereallthejunkieshangout