Unit 4 book 3Common Sense or Legal Interventionppt课件

Unit4CommonSenseorLegalIntervention Smoking 1 ISSUESOFSMOKING 2 Themaincomponentofcigarettesis Nicotine 尼古丁 Tar 焦油 Carbonmonoxide 一氧化碳 3 Theharmofsmoking Acigarettes Reducesixminutesoflife Smokerversusnon smokergetcancerrateis10 1 Ifyousmoke20cigaretteseveryday yougetcancerratewillincrease17times 4 Whenyousmokeintheenjoymentofpleasureandrelaxationtoyourtime notknowingofdeathhasbeenquietlycomingtoyourside 5 Smokingnotonlydangeroustothesmoker shealth butalsocontaminatetheenvironment 6 AboutASHActiononSmokingandHealth foundedin1967 isthenation sfirst oldest andlargestantismokingorganization andtheonlyonewhichregularlytakeshard hittinglegalandotheractionstofightsmokingandtoprotecttherightsofnonsmokers 7 Inpictures smokingwarnings 8 Smokingreducesthebloodflow 9 10 WorldNo TobaccoDay InternationalChildren sDay Pleasegiveupsmoking Fortomorrow 11 Chinahasmorethan300millionsmokersonthemainland statisticsfromtheWorldHealthOrganizationshow andnearly1 2millionChinesepeoplediefromsmoking relateddiseaseseachyear makingupone fifthoftheworldtotal 12 Beijing AsmokingbanatallindoorpublicvenuesontheChinesemainlandwilltakeeffectonMay1 theMinistryofHealthsaid thoughspecificpenaltiesorresponsibilitiesforenforcementhavenotbeenset 13 theministryhadorderedapartfromhospitals hotels restaurants barsandpublictransportationonthemainlandtobansmokingindoors AccordingtoJiangYuan deputydirectoroftheNationalOfficeofTobaccoControl 14 15 16 17 JoeEszterhasscrip writeranti smokingcompaigner 18 19 20 Unit4 Commonsenseorlegalintervention 21 Objectives tomakestudentsreadarticlesaboutissuesconcerningsmoking toknowdifferentlawsandregulationsconcerningpublicsmokingindifferentcountries 22 focuson recognizingthewriter sattitudeandtone Understandingsupportingdetails detectingthemeaningsofthewordswiththecontextclues 23 contents 1 TheButtStopsHere2 TheWaytoSaveMillionsofLivesIstoPreventSmoking3 HollywoodWriterChangestheScriptonSmoking4 PublicSmoking CommonSensefortheCommonGood 24 Interpretingthequotations 1 Rightnowthemostdeadlystuntinamovieissmoking MarkShurtleff2 Iwillnotbebulliedbyagroupofpeoplewhoreallywanttodotherightthing butthey redoingtherightthingthewrongway ThisisnotAfghanistan damnit Iwillhotwearthissmokingburka WhoopiGoldburg 25 Interpretingthequotations 3 I m18 IwenttohighschoolinLosAngeles andattitudesoverthereareverydifferentaboutsmoking Thepeopleinmyhighschoolwho Andtheydiditbecauseitwascool becauseitwashipskbecausetheysawpeopleinmagazinessmoking BrianSmith 26 Interpretationofthequotations 1 Nowadayssmokingisreallyafrequentsceneinmovies whichhasverybadinfluence 2 Somepeoplewanttohavesmokinginpublicplacesoutlawed Maybetheyaredoingthetightthing forsmokingisharmfultoone shealth Butitisalsothefreechoiceofthesmokers WearenotinAfghanistan andwearenotthewomenwhoareforcedtowearmaskstoconcealoutbeautifulfaces Ifwewanttosmoke we llsmoke Thisisanissueoffreedomanddemocracy 3 ThisisanAmericanteenager sobservationonhispalsandschoolmatesastowhytheypickupsmoking Kidsfromabrokenhometendtosmoke fortheyneedthefeelingofbelongingtotheirpeergroupdesperately Andalsobecausesmokingisdepictedinfilmsandmagazinesasbeingcoolandhip 27 BackgroundInformation Smokinghasbeenaburningissueforsometimenow Asnicotineintobaccoisoneofthemostaddictivesubstances manypeoplehavebeenhookedandcannotgetaway Moviesspurmorepeople especiallyyoungpeople tobecomesmokers assmokingisdepictedasbeingsexyandglamorousonscreens Differentvoiceshavebeenheardaboutsmoking Someaskforbanningsmokinginpublicplaces othersemphasizefreedomofchoice Someblamemoviesforthegratuitousbuttshots otherssaythatmoviesneedtoreflectreality Inthisunit thestudentswillreadarticlesaboutissuesconcerningsmoking 28 Pre readingdiscussion 1 DoyouthinkthatsmokingisbecomingmorecommonamongyoungpeopleinChina 2 Shouldsmokingbeforbiddeninpublicplaceslikerestaurantsandcafes Explainyourview 3 InChinasmokingsometimesisconsideredtobeasocialskill Ifyoucanshareapackofcigarettes youarenolongerastranger Isitagoodideatomakefriendsthroughsmokingorarethereotherwaystodoit 29 ReadingIThebuttstopshere Literally Thebuckstopshere meansyouhavetotakeresponsibilityforsomethingandwillnottrytopasstheresponsibilityontosomeoneelse ThisisalsoHarryTruman sfamousdeclaration Thesloganwasenshrinedinadesk topsigninTruman sOvalOffice Itwaschangedinto Thebuttstopshere toindicatetheauthor sdeterminationtotakehisshareofresponsibilityforstoppingsmokingintheworkplace 30 Sentencesforparaphrasing 1 LastweeksmokingonthejobwasbannedabsolutelyinthecorporationImanage Weenjoyedcleanairagain butatthesametimehadtosufferfromthesuddenwithdrawalofnicotine 2 Nomatterhowattractiveandenchantingallthemuscularcowboysandblondbeautiesincigarettecommercialsare theycannothidethefactthatsmokingisresponsibleforeveryoneoutofsevendeathsinthecountry 3 Iftimeisgoingtobewasted it sabetterideatowasteitondaydreamingandchattinginsteadofonsmoking 31 Languagepoints Para1ThecorporationIheadtookadeepbreathofcleanairlastweekandwentcoldturkey Smokingonthejobinthehomeofficewasabsolutelyforbidden Since1982ithadbeenrestrictedtoworkareasandcafeterias thehardlinestiffenedlastFebruarywhenemployeeswerepermittedtosmokeonlyattheirdesks 32 Languagepoints Para3Anythingthatkills350 000Americanseachyeardeservesdecisiveaction andallthebrawnycowpokesandtawny hairedsirenscannotblowenoughadvertisingsmoketoobscurethefactthatoneoutofeverysevendeathsinthiscountryislinkedtosmoking Thecostsrelatedtoitarealsosappingoureconomy Onerecentreportestimatesthatsmokersutilizethehealth caresystematleast50percentmorethannonsmokers Iftimeisgoingtobewasted I dratheritbefritteredawayondaydreamsandchatterthanflickedintoavalleyofashes Furthermore smokingmaynotbeavictimlessvice 33 Languagepoints Para4Still abancancreateseriouspersonnelproblems Since25percentofouremployeessmoke weareofferingthemon the jobsmoking cessationclassesandcounseling OurmedicalofficeprovidesNicorettes asugarlesschewinggumformulatedtoeasethephysicalwithdrawalfromnicotine Mostofour3 000homeofficeemployeessupportournewpolicy smokersandnon smokersalike butthereisaquerulousminoritythataskswhyweare discriminatingagainstsmokers Wearenot Ourpolicyaffectsallemployees Smokersarenotaprotectedclass Nomatterwhattheirrace color religion sexornationalorigin theycannotsmokeatwork 34 Languagepoints Para5Wearenottryingtodictatepersonallifestyles Wedonotencourageouremployeestostopsmokingaltogether buttheycannotsmokeonthejob Wesimplycan taffordtheirhabit Accordingtoacongressionalstudy thecosttotheeconomyaverages 65billionannuallyinincreasedmedicalbills prematuredeathandtimelostfromwork Andasamajorparticipantinthefieldofhealth carefinancing wehaveanobligationtoprovethat ifproperlyconceived asmoke freeworkingenvironmentisattainable Thisisn tacrusade Thisisabusinessdecision 35 Languagepoints brawnyadj brawnyarmsDerivation brawnn He sgotmorebrawnthanbrains 36 Languagepoints flickv flickcasually quicklyflickaway back off over round throughSheopenedherdiaryandflickedthroughthepages flickn Withaflickofhiswrist heremovedtheashfromtheendofhiscigarette 37 Languagepoints sapv Herlongillnessgraduallysappedherstrength Yearsoffailurehavesappedhimofhisconfidence 38 Languagepoints crusaden embarkon launch mount beengagedin carryoutacrusadeagreat moral personalcrusadeIthinkhe srunningaone mancrusadeagainstcigarettesmoking Syn campaign drive movement 39 Languagepoints vicen indulgein clearup getridof punishavicea n incurable degrading inherent national humanviceThefilmendedmostsatisfactorily vicepunishedandvirtuerewarded 40 Reading2TheWaytoSaveMillionsofLivesIstoPreventSmoking Smokingban NYCMichaelBloomberg themayorofNewYork signedINTRO256 Aintolaw LocalLaw47 onDecember30 2002 Thelawtookeffect90dayslateronMarch30 2003 Thelegislationbanssmokinginallworkplaces includingbarsandrestaurants exemptstobaccobars owner operatedbars separately ventilatedsmokingroomsinbars privateclubswithnoemployees privatefunctionsorganizedforthepromotionandsamplingoftobaccoproducts andretailtobaccoshops Theproposalofthelegislationcamesixweeksafterthemayorhikedtaxesonpacketsofcigarettesfrom8centsto 1 42 makingthemthemostexpensiveanywhereintheUSat 7 50 4 90 apack 41 MPOWER In2008 WHO WorldHealthOrganization firstintroducedasetofsixkeytobaccocontrolmeasures namelyMPOWER thatreflectandbuildontheWHOFrameworkConventiononTobaccoControl MPOWERisapackageofthesixmostimportantandeffectivetobaccocontrolpoliciestocountertobaccoepidemicandreducethedeadlytoll 42 MPOWER i Monitortobaccouseandpreventionpolicies ii Protectpeoplefromsecondhandsmokeiii Offertohelppeoplequit Mostsmokerswanttoquitbutfindithardtostop iv Warnaboutthedangersoftobacco v Enforcebansontobaccoadvertising promotionandsponsorship vi Raisetaxesontobacco 43 Checkingcomprehension 1 Thethreediseases i e tuberculosis AIDSandMalaria havebeengivenalotofattentionbynewspapers radio andtelevisionintheirreporting Inaddition theyhavealsobeengivenahugeamountoffunding Thisisperfectlyunderstandable 2 Imagineacollegebasketballstadiumwhichiscompletelyfull 3 Therewasastrongpublicreactionagainstthelawbanningsmokinginallworkplaces butafterthelawwasactuallyimplemented peoplelovedit 4 WhenItalkedtothosewhodonatemoneyandthosewhospecializeinpublichealth Igottoknowthatmoneyforpublichealthwasinvestedentirelyinfightingothercausesofdeath withalmostnomoneyforfightingtobacco 5 Nowmorepeopleareprotectedbytheantismokingstrategiesandmorecountriesarestartingtoimplementallthesixstrategies Thisispartlybecauseofthelocalgroupswearehelpingindifferentpartsoftheworldandgovernmentofficialswhoarerefusingtoacceptunjusttreatmentbythetobaccocompanies6 Ofcourse thosewhodoubttheeffectivenessoftheanti smokingstrategiessaythattheproblemofsmokingisimpossibletosolveassmokingisdeeplyrootedintheirculture 44 Languagepoints Para1Everydayaroundtheworld tragediesoccurthatareentirelyavoidable siblingsburyingsiblings spousesburyingspouses andchildrenburyingparents allofthemdyingbeforetheirtime Whatistheleadingcauseofthesepreventabledeaths Isittuberculosis AIDS Malaria Eachreceivesagreatdealofmediacoveragealongwithhundredsofmillionsofdollarsinfunding andrightlyso Butthereisanotherdeadlyepidemicthatkillsmorepeoplethanallthreediseasescombined anduntilrecently itreceivedalmostnopublicattention tobaccouse 45 Languagepoints Para4InNewYork wehaveseenhoweffectiveanti smokingprogramscanbe In2002 Isignedalawprohibitingsmokinginallworkplaces Therewasahugeoutcry butthensomethinghappened peoplelovedit Barsandrestaurantssawtheirbusinessincrease WaitresseskissedmeandtoldmeIhadsavedtheirlives Andprettysoon citiesandstatesaroundthecountry alongwithEngland Ireland France Italyandothercountrieswithhighratesofsmoking beganpassingsimilarlaws Alongwiththesmokingban weraisedcigarettetaxesinNewYork ranhard hittingpublic educationcampaignsandprovidedfreenicotinepatches Theresult After10yearsofseeingnodeclineinsmoking we vecutsmokingratesby21percent andwe vecutteensmokingbymorethan50percent Thereare300 000fewersmokersinNewYorkCitythanthereweresixyearsago 46 Languagepoints Para5WhiletobaccouseisnowdeclininginNewYorkandsomeindustrializednations though itisgrowingincountrieslikeRussiaandIndonesia Morethan80percentoftobaccodeathsinthecomingdecadeswillbeindevelopingcountries includingChinaandIndia Butintalkingtophilanthropistsandpublic healthexperts Irealizedthatpublic healthdollarsweretiedupfightingothercausesofdeath andalmostnofundingexistedforfightingtobacco 47 Languagepoints Para7Monitortobaccouseandpreventionpolicies Ialwayssay Ifyoucan tmeasureaproblem youcan tmanageit Todeterminetheeffectivenessofourefforts it sessentialtomonitorwhichcountriesadoptwhichstrategies andhowthosepoliciesaffectsmokingrates 48 Languagepoints Para10Warnaboutthedangersoftobacco Despiteclearscientificevidence relativelyfewtobaccousersfullyappreciatetheextentofthehealthrisk Togetherwithhard hittingadcampaigns largegraphicwarningsoncigarettepackshelpsmokersquit 49 Languagepoints Para11Enforcebansontobaccoadvertising promotionandsponsorship Suchbanscanhelpcounterthebillionsofdollarsthetobaccoindustryspendsonmarketingactivitieseachyear Partialbansandvoluntaryrestrictionshavelittleornoeffect 50 Languagepoints Para12Raisetaxesontobacco Thisisthemosteffectivesinglewaytoreducesmoking particularlyamongtheyoung Besidescreatingadisincentive thesetaxesgeneratetherevenuesneededtofundprogramsandadvertisingcampaignsthathelppeoplequit 51 Languagepoints Para14Ofcourse theskepticssaythattheproblemoftobaccouseistooculturallyentrenchedtosolve Butpartoftakingonanentrenchedproblem whetherit sinhealthoreducationorpublicsafety involveschallengingpeople sexpectationsofwhatispossible AsweknowfromourexperienceinNewYorkCity whenpeopleacceptedhighcrimerates wehadhighcrimerates Whenpeopleacceptedlowhigh schoolgraduationrates wehadlowgraduationrates Andwhenpeopleaccepthighsmokingrates wegethighsmokingrates and5milliontobaccodeathsayear Butitdoesn thavetobethatway Andifmorepeople communitygroups internationalorganizationsandgovernmentofficialstakeactiontostoptheworld sleadingcauseofpreventabledeath itwon t 52 Languagepoints outcryn a n great massive immediate popular public national internationaloutcrycause provoke spark an outcryoutcryagainst over fromThereisamassiveoutcryagainsttheharshprisonsentence Syn protest disapproval objection complaint protestation 53 Languagepoints treatyn a n global bilateral state multilateral formal commercial economic military political cooperate friendship peace arms disarmamenttreatyagreeon drawup prepare negotiate enterinto make sign accept reject criticize adhereto break violateatreatyundera the treatyatreatybetween withSyn agreement compact contract settlement truce 54 Languagepoints triplev tripleinSomegoodshavealmosttripledinprice tripletoThefigurehasmorethantripledto67percent tripleadj atriplealliance partnershipTheamountofalcoholonhisbloodwastriplethelegalmaximum Syn threefold triplicateDerivation triplyadv 55 Languagepoints disincentiven Thistaxwillbeadisincentivetoindustrialdevelopmentinvestors Syn discouragement constraint hindrance impediment obstacle setbackAnt incentiveDerivation incentiven a n considerate massive adequate major additional real direct positive special commercial economic financial monetaryincentiveactas have need create increase reducean theincentive 56 Languagepoints entrenchedadj entrenchedbeliefs attitude interests oppositionYoucan tshiftherfromherentrenchedbeliefs Derivation entrench intrench v Heentrenchedhimselfbehindthenewspaperandrefusedtospeaktoher entrenchmentn entrenchmentofsth 57 Reading3Hollywoodwriterchangesthescriptonsmoking TobaccoAdvertisingProhibitionActTheTobaccoAdvertisingProhibitionAct1992ofAustraliacameintoeffecton1July1993 Undertheact thebroadcastingandpublishingoftobaccoadvertisementsinAustraliaisbanned apartfromafewlimitedexceptions Theobjectiveoftheactistoimprovepublichealthbylimitingtheexposureofthepublictomessagesandimagesthatmaypersuadethemtostartorcontinuesmoking 58 60Minutes TheTVprogram60MinutesinAustraliafirstwenttoaironFebruary11 1979 ItisAustralia smostsuccessfulcurrentaffairstelevisionprogram ThisprogramattractsmorethanfivemillionviewersaweekacrossAustraliaandisrebroadcastinanother65countriesaroundtheworld Bytellingstoriesthroughtheeyesofthoseinvolved bypersonalizingstoriesandissues bywritinginarelaxed contemporaryfashion 60Minuteshasbrokennewgroundinthereportingofcurrentaffairs Nocountryistooremote nostorytoodangerous notopictoodifficultforthe60Minutesteam 59 TextComprehension 1 HeregretsthewayheportrayedsmokinginthemovieBasicInstinct Hethinksheissomehowresponsibleforthosekilledbysmoking 2 Theyhaveenjoyedalongandlusciousrelationship Smokinghasbeenahelpfultooltorevealsexappeal mystery andstyle 3 No theyholdadifferentview Theythinkwhetheracharactersmokesornotshouldbedecidedbythecharacter spersonality 4 Filmmakersarefaithfultotheirart Theiraimistoportray characterorpersonalitytrulyandhonestly Ontheotherhand socialworkersshowgreatconcernforpeople andwhatisgoodforhumanbeings 60 TextComprehension 5 InHollywoodmoviessmokingisoftenportrayedas glamorousactivity butAustralianmoviesareoftenrealisticintheirportrayalofsmoking 6 Theactaimstolimitthepublic sexposuretosmokingandtobaccoproductsbycontrollingtheairingofcigarettecommercialsonTV 7 WhenitcomestoTVseriesandprograms theact sapplicationisopentointerpretation Ifthetobaccoadisbroadcastaccidentallyandthebroadcasterreceivesnobenefit nowrongdoingisconsideredtohaveoccurred ButaccordingtotheActapersonmustnotknowinglyairatobaccoadvertisement 61 Languagepoints afarcry somethingthatisafarcryfromsomethingelseisverydifferentfromitaccomplicen Shebecamehisunwittingaccompliceintherobbery a n criminal principal secrete unwilling allegedaccomplice 62 Languagepoints blatantadj ablatantattempt liebreachn heal makeup commit constitute leadto causeabreachTheaccidentcausedanirreparablebreachbetweenthetwocountries aclear fundamental deliberate politicalbreachabreachofdutySellingtheproducttoanotherdistributorisaclearbreachoftheagreement 63 Languagepoints buggerupIfsomeonebuggerssomethingup theyruinitorspoilit domainn a n private public InternetdomainThecareofolderpeopleisbeingplacedfirmlywithinthedomainofthefamily 64 Languagepoints feraladj feralcats pigeonsferventlyadv Heferventlybeggedusnottogo Derivation ferventadj aferventdesiretowinfervencyn 65 Languagepoints loathadj Hewasloathtoseehergo Syn unwilling disinclined reluctantDerivation loathev Iloathethemodernart Evenafteryearsofpractice hestillloathedmakingpublicspeeches loathingn 66 Languagepoints oozev Bloodwasoozingoutof fromthewoundonhisleg Shewalkedintothepartyoozingwithconfidence Derivation oozyadj 67 Languagepoints recklesslyadv Derivation recklessadj recklessdrivingberecklessofexpenditure dangerItwasrecklessofhimtoleaveajobbeforehehadanotherone Hehadalwaysbeenrecklesswithmoney recklessnessn 68 Languagepoints stancen adopt takeup alter change maintainastanceThePresidenthasadoptedatoughstanceonterrorism acorrect natural defensive cautious political publicstance 69 Reading4Publicsmoking Commonsenseforthecommongood GoldenRuleGoldenRuleisfoundinthescripturesofnearlyeveryreligion Itisoftenregardedasmostconciseandgeneralprincipleofethics 70 GoldenRule SeethefollowingforsomeexamplesoftheGoldenRule Whatishatefultoyou donotdotoyourfellowmen ThatistheentireLaw alltherestiscommentary JewishFaith Hurtnototherswiththatwhichpainsyourself BuddhistFaith Allthingswhatsoeveryewouldthatmenshoulddotoyou doyeevensotothem forthisisthelawandtheprophets ChristianFaith NooneofyouisabelieveruntilhedesiresforhisbrotherthatwhichhedesiresforHimself MuslimFaith 71 Comprehension 1 Weshoulddependonpeople smutualunderstandingandcommonsensetokeeppublicsmokingundercontrol 2 No theyarenotthebestway Accordingtotheauthor weshouldtrustpeople scommonsense mutualrespectandunderstanding 3 Toworkoutasolutiontoproblemsofsocialbehavior it sagoodideatotrustpeople scommonsense mutualrespect understanding It snotpracticaltooutlawsmoking 4 Businesseswanttomakemoney Bothsmokingcustomersandnonsmokingcustomersbringprofitstobusinesses sotheywilltakegoodcareoftheneedsofbothparties 5 Becausepolicemenhavebeenbusyenoughtocatchrobbersandthieves andtheydon thavethetimeandenergytogivepeoplecitationsforsmokinginanunauthorizedarea 72 Languagepoints touchyadj Sheisinaverytouchymoodtoday Heisalittletouchyabouthisweight Derivation touchilyadv touchinessn 73 Languagepoints sproutv Newleavesarebeginningtosproutfromthetrees Officeblocksaresproutingupeverywhere Jackseemedtohavesproutedabeard 74 Languagepoints supplantv anewsystemtosupplantoutdatedworkingmethodsTheirworkhasbeenlargelysupplantedbytheuseofacomputerprogramthatfulfilsthesamefunction Syn displace replace 75 Languagepoints statuten pass layout complywithastatutethelegal federal criminal general public privatestatuteUnderthestatutesoftheuniversity theyhadnopowertodismisshim 76 Languagepoints courtesyn demonstrate return show treatsb with the courtesyartificial common deep international military professionalcourtesyHelistenedtoallthecomplaintswithgreatcourtesy Derivation courteousadj extremely naturally unfailinglycourteous 77 Languagepoints petitionn subm