2019高考英语重难增分篇第四讲定语从句课件新人教版.ppt

第四讲定语从句第一课时知识过关课 1 在限制性定语从句中which who whom常可用that代替 关系代词作宾语时常被省略 2 在非限制性定语从句中 或者当先行词是指人的those anyone everyone people he all few one s 等时 不能用that引导 3 以下情况下一般用that 1 当先行词是指物的all little few much any anything everything nothing none theone时 或先行词被all little few much any every no等修饰时 2 先行词是序数词或形容词最高级时 或者先行词被序数词 包括last next 形容词最高级及theonly thevery等修饰时 3 先行词包括人和物时 4 当先行词是表示时间 地点 原因 且只能是reason 等 且这些先行词在定语从句中作状语时 就分别用when where why来引导定语从句 另外 when where why一般可用 介词 which 替代 其中reason后的why通常用forwhich替代 注意 当先行词是表示时间 地点或原因的词语时 不一定填关系副词when where why 只有当这些词在定语从句中作状语时 才用关系副词 否则要用关系代词 5 当先行词是整个主句或主句的一部分时 这类非限制性定语从句只能由which或as来引导 两者的区别在于 1 which引导的定语从句只能位于主句后 而as引导的定语从句可位于主句前 中 后 2 which常译作 这 而as常译作 正如 且多与see expect imagine know hope等动词连用 3 在定语从句中作主语时 若用as 其谓语部分一般有be 若谓语是不含be的行为动词时 要用which 4 as引导的定语从句只表示一个众所周知或意料之中的事 而which不受此限制 5 as常用于固定搭配中 asisoftenthecase 这是常有的事 asweexpected 不出所料 asoftenhappens 正如经常发生的那样 asisknowntoall 众所周知 ashasbeensaidbefore 如上所述 asismentionedabove 正如上面所提到的 等等 读语篇 悟语法 反复朗读下列短文 领悟画线和黑体部分 思考 引导定语从句的关系词是如何确定 Itwasthesummerof2012 when 1 IcametoGuangningNo 1SeniorHighSchool Ourschoolisawonderfulplace where 2 Icanseealotofbeautifulbuildingsandalargesquare Ourclassroom theroofofwhich 3 lookslikearocketinthedistance islocatedinthecenterofourschool Themainreasonwhy 4 IlikeourschoolisthatIcanmakemanyfriends Icangetalongwithmyclassmateshere twoofwhom 5 aremybestfriends Jack who 6 esfromTanbuJuniorHighSchool isveryactive Helikesvarious sports amongwhich 7 helikesrunningverymuch Hewillrun5kilometerseveryday which 8 makeshimlookstrong Nick whose 9 fatherisateacherinLianheJuniorHighSchool studiesveryhard Weoftentalkaboutthepeopleandthethingsthat 10 weseeinourschool Nickprefersthefoodthat 11 ismadeinourcanteen Theteacherwhom 12 helikesisMr Zhang ourmathteacher whilemybelovedteacherismyEnglishteacher MissChen Tobehonest Igraduallyfallinlovewithourschool 1 先行词是thesummerof2012 在定语从句中作时间状语 用关系副词when inwhich duringwhich 引导定语从句 2 先行词是awonderfulplace 在定语从句中作地点状语 用关系副词where atwhich 引导定语从句 3 先行词是Ourclassroom 直接在介词of后作其宾语 先行词是物时 只能用which theroofofwhich中的of表所属关系 意为 我们教室的屋顶 4 先行词是themainreason 在定语从句中作原因状语 只能用why引导 5 先行词是myclassmates 直接在介词of后作其宾语 先行词是人时 只能用whom twoofwhom中的of表示部分与整体的关系 意为 我的同班同学中的两个人 6 先行词是Jack 在定语从句中作主语 用who引导 7 先行词是varioussports 直接在介词among后作宾语 只能用which 8 先行词是Hewillrun5kilometerseveryday整个句子 并在从句中作主语 用which引导 9 先行词是Nick 在定语从句中作定语 表示Nick s 用whose引导 10 先行词是thepeopleandthethings 既包括人又包括事物 通常只用that引导 11 先行词是thefood 在定语从句中作主语 故用that或which引导 12 先行词是theteacher 在定语从句中作likes的宾语 故用whom引导 单句填空 用适当的关系词填空 1 Isthisthereason heexplainedatthemeetingforhiscarelessnessinhiswork 2 Isthisthereason hewassocarelessinhiswork 3 Thereason hedidn tewas hewasill 4 Helivesinavillage isnotfarfromthecity 5 Helivesinthevillage hewasborn that why why that which where 6 Apany profitsfromhomemarketsaredecliningmayseekopportunitiesabroad 7 Inanhour wetraveltoplaces wecanrelaxandgetrefreshed 8 Theplace interestedmemostwastheChildren sPalace 9 Theplace hehadagoodtimelastSundaywastheChildren sPalace 10 I llneverforgetthedays westudiedtogether whose where which where when 单句改错 下列每句中有一处错误 每处涉及一个单词的增加 删除或修改 请指出并改正 1 Therewasatimethathedidn tgetalongwellwithhisclassmates 2 Yourspeechwasheardbyagroupoffivejudges allofwhoagreedthatitwasthebestofthisyear 3 TheearthquakewasfeltinBeijing thatismorethantwohundredkilometresaway 4 Thisisthebestmethodwhichhasbeenusedagainstpollution 5 Theschoolshop whichcustomersaremainlystudents isclosedfortheholidays that when who whom that which which that which whose 6 Whichisreportedinthenewspaper talksbetweenthetwocountriesaremakingprogress 7 TheGreatWallwasbuiltinatimethatcountrieswereatwar 8 Shetoldhermothershewouldnotmarryanyonethatshedidn tlove 9 TheschoolwhichIstudiedwas3kilometersawayfrommyhome 10 Thereasonwhyhegavefornotingwasthathismotherdidn tallowhimto Which As that when that whom which where 在which前加上at why which that 语篇填空 在下面空格处填入1个适当的连接词 使结构完整 语意通顺 Therewasatime1 IwastiredoflearningEnglishanddislikedspeakingEnglish Andthisisthereason2 myfatherforcedmetojoinina30 daytraininginanEnglishclubbeforeIwenttoseniorhighschool WhenIfirstcametotheclub 3 Imetmanystrangers Imissedmyparentsverymuch SoIpackedupmythingsandwantedtogohome Fortunately myguide 4 teacherwasLiYang municatedwithmefacetoface from5 Igainedsomeusefulinstructions Healsoshowedmeagoodpartner andwegotalongwellwitheachother GraduallyIadaptedtothelifethere EverydayIwouldliketotalktootherteenagersandsetdownaseriesof activities6 wedid Myfatherandtheguide7 encouragedmetofallinlovewithEnglishshouldbeappreciated NowIfeelitinterestingtolearnEnglish into8 Iputmyentireenergy EverydayIwillreadmywordsandpassagesaloud InclassIwilljoininEnglishdiscussions BeforeIgotosleep Iwillrecallmypassages through9 Icanmemorizealargenumberofnewwords 10 ourEnglishteachersays AslongasweformthehabitoflearningEnglisheverydayandhaveperseverance wewillconquerEnglishsoonerorlater 语篇导读 本文讲述了作者参加的一次英语学习培训的经历以及这次经历带给他的对英语学习态度的转变 1 when 先行词是时间 并在从句中充当时间状语 2 why 先行词reason表示原因 并在从句中充当原因状语 3 where 引导地点定语从句 先行词club是一个地点 4 whose 引导定语从句 并且在定语从句中作定语 意思是 他的老师是李阳 5 whom 根据句子结构和前面from可知填whom 6 that which 根据先行词activities表示事情且在从句中作宾语 可知填that which 7 who that 从先行词和句子结构可知 who that作主语 8 which 根据前面的介词into以及先行词English可知 填which 9 which 根据前面的介词through可知填which which在这里是指代前面整个句子 10 As 引导定语从句 意思是 正如 第二课时高考研究课 定语从句在语法填空中的考查点 规律方法 找 就是先把句子分为主句和从句两部分 再找出先行词和关系词 还 根据先行词提示的意思 把定语从句还原为完整的一句话 可以添词 替换 用关系词替换定语从句中还原后添加的部分 作主语和宾语用关系代词 作状语用关系副词 时间状语用when 地点状语用where 原因状语用why 同初中时做的 对画线部分提问 相似 该用what的时候用which that即可 例如 Thisistheschool Ioncestudied Thisistheschool isthemostfamousinthecity Iamstudyingataschool myfatherteachesEnglish 找 略 还原 根据先行词的提示 这三句话的定语从句还原成完整的一句话后分别为 Ioncestudiedattheschool Theschoolisthemostfamousinthecity MyfatherteachesEnglishattheschool 黑体部分为根据先行词的意思把关系词还原后的部分 替换 根据 对画线部分提问 的规则 和 用where 本该用what 在定语从句中该用what的要换为which that 因此 答案为 where that which where 1 Likeanything itispossibletohavetoomuchofboth isnotgoodforthehealth 2017 全国卷 2 ButSarah hastakenpartinshowsalongwithtopmodels wantstoprovethatshehasbrainsaswellasbeauty 2017 全国卷 真题验证1 which which引导非限制性定语从句 which在从句中作主语 指代前面主句的内容 who 根据句子结构可知 此处应是一个非限制性定语从句 先行词是Sarah 在从句中作主语 故关系代词用who 3 Pahlssonandherhusbandnowthinktheringprobablygotsweptintoapileofkitchenrubbishandwasspreadoverthegarden itremaineduntilthecarrot sleafytopaccidentallysprouted 生长 throughit 2017 浙江卷 4 SomepeoplethinkthatthegreatChinesescholarConfucius livedfromroughly551to479BC influencedthedevelopmentofchopsticks 2016 全国卷 where 根据句子结构可知 此处为非限制性定语从句 先行词为thegarden 在从句中作地点状语 故要用关系副词where who 句中先行词为thegreatChinesescholarConfucius 定语从句中缺少主语 故填who 5 ButmyconnectionwithpandasgoesbacktomydaysonaTVshowinthemid 1980s IwasthefirstWesternTVreporterpermittedtofilmaspecialunitcaringforpandasrescuedfromstarvationinthewild 2016 全国卷 6 I dskippednearbyGuilin adreamplacefortouristsseekingthelimestonemountaintopsanddarkwatersoftheLiRiver arepicturedbyartistsinsomanyChinesepaintings 2015 全国卷 when 句中先行词为themid 1980s 定语从句中缺少时间状语 故填when that which 句中先行词为thelimestonemountaintopsanddarkwatersoftheLiRiver 定语从句中缺少主语 故填which that 7 Whenharvestcamearound hewasalreadysellingherbs vegetablesandcottoninthemarket peoplefromthetownsmetregularly 2015 广东卷 8 Manyyoungpeople mostof werewell educated headedforremoteregionstochasetheirdreams 2016 江苏卷改编 9 Someexpertsthinkreadingisthefundamentalskillupon schooleducationdepends 2015 安徽卷改编 where 句中先行词为themarket 定语从句中缺少地点状语 故填where whom 句中先行词为manyyoungpeople 定语从句中缺少主语 且所填关系词为介词of的宾语 故填whom which 句中先行词为thefundamentalskill 定语从句中缺少宾语 且所填关系词为介词on的宾语 故填which 第一步 判断是否为定语从句 what不引导定语从句是常考点 第二步 判断是何种定语从句 that不引导非限制性定语从句是常考点 第三步 分析关系词在定语从句中所作成分 关系词混用是常考点 规律方法 定语从句在短文改错中的考查点 1 Intheirsparetime theyareinterestedinplantingvegetablesintheirgarden thatisontherooftopoftheirhouse 2017 全国卷 2 ThedisheswhatIcookedwereMom sfavorite 2016 四川卷 3 Havingteainthelateafternoonprovidesabridgebetweenlunchanddinner thatmightnotbeserveduntil8o clockatnight 全国卷 真题验证2 that which 关系词的混用 that不能够引导非限制性定语从句 故改为which what that which 或者去掉what 首先判断dishes后面的从句为定语从句 what不引导定语从句 其次定语从句中缺少宾语 that which 关系词的混用 that不能够引导非限制性定语从句 故改为which 第三课时写作增分课 定语从句在写作中的增分点 一 用as作关系代词写句子1 起初 我认为李老师有点怪 因为他总是问一些没人能回答的问题 kindofodd suchquestionsas 2 他不是一个把今天能做的事拖到明天做的人 suchaman putoff tilltomorrow Atfirst IthoughtMr Liwaskindofodd becausehewasalwaysaskingsuchquestionsasnoonecouldanswer Heisn tsuchamanasputsoffwhathecandotodaytilltomorrow 3 我们应当读一些使我们明智的书 suchbooksas wiser 4 在我生日那天 我收到了像母亲承诺的那样好的一件礼物 receiveasgoodagift Weshouldreadsuchbooksasmakeuswiser Onmybirthday Ireceivedasgoodagiftasmymotherhadpromised 二 用as which引导非限制性定语从句写句子1 我发现一个老人躺在马路上 我乘出租车立即把他送到了医院 这就是那天上午我迟到的原因 findsomebodydoing take to 2 正如一句谚语所说 AllworkandnoplaymakesJackadullboy 如果没有一个强壮的身体 一个人会一事无成 saying asoundbody achieve IfoundanoldmanlyingonthegroundandItookhimtohospitalinataxiimmediately whichwaswhyIwaslatethatmorning Asasayinggoes AllworkandnoplaymakesJackadullboy Withoutasoundbody onecannotachieveanything 3 正如图表所显示的那样 这个城市的空气质量在过去两年越来越糟 asisshowninthechart theairquality 4 在汉语演讲比赛中获得一等奖 这我做梦也没有想到 winthefirstprize Chinesespeechpetition beyondmywildestdreams Asisshowninthechart theairqualityofthecityhasbeeworseandworseinthepasttwoyears IwonthefirstprizeintheChineseSpeechCompetition whichwasbeyondmywildestdreams 三 使用非限制性定语从句写高级句子1 我们的学校 位于内乡西北角 有34年历史 belocatedin haveahistoryof 2 我们学校里的老师 大多数都是三十多岁 把他们一切都奉献给了我们 inone sthirties devoteoneselfto Ourschool whichislocatedinthenorthwestofNeixiang hasahistoryofthirty fouryears Theteachersofourschool mostofwhomareintheirthirties havedevotedthemselvestous 3 我们学校有四千多名学生 大多数都能用心学习 themajorityof putone sheartinto 4 我为我们的学校而感到自豪 我相信 在这里 如果我们好好学习的话 一定会考上名牌大学 beproudof thereisagoodchancethat beadmittedto Therearemorethan4 000studentsinourschool themajorityofwhomputtheirheartsintotheirstudies Iamproudofourschool whereIamsureifwedoourbest thereisagoodchancethatwecanbeadmittedtothebestfamousuniversities 四 综合运用定语从句知识写句子1 但是 现在许多公司关心的却是怎样挣到更多的钱 不管环境受到怎样的破坏 all careabout makemoney nomatterhowseriously 2 我的家乡已不再是十年前的那个小村庄了 那时到处都是破旧房子 人们食不果腹 thelittlevillage when oldhouses hardlyfeedthemselves However allthatmanypaniescareaboutishowtomakemoremoney nomatterhowseriouslytheenvironmentisdamaged Myhometownisn tthelittlevillagewhatitwastenyearsago whentherewereoldhouseseverywhereandpeoplecouldhardlyfeedthemselves 3 那个小学的许多学生 他们的父母在遥远的大城市打工 不得不由他们的祖父母照看 而他们的祖父母许多连自己都照顾不了 workasmigrantworkers betakencareof 4 他是那些学生中唯一一个连续三次获得一等奖的学生 theonlyone winthefirstprize inarow Manystudentsoftheprimaryschool whoseparentsareworkingasmigrantworkersinbigcitiesfaraway havetobetakencareofbytheirgrandparents manyofwhomcanhardlytakecareofthemselves Heistheonlyoneofthestudentswhohaswonthefirstprize for threetimesinarow 5 参观你所在的城市是一次难忘的经历 一次我将永远珍惜的经历 visitingyourcity one valuefortherestofmylife Visitingyourcityisanunforgettableexperience oneIwillvaluefortherestofmylife