2019高考英语 重难增分篇 第二讲 非谓语动词课件 新人教版.ppt

第二讲非谓语动词第一课时知识过关课 复习非谓语动词还需掌握以下几点 1 句法作用 除谓语外的其他成分 2 时态和语态 以do为例 时态与语态的判断方法 3 非谓语动词的逻辑主语 4 有特殊要求的动词或动词短语 1 有的动词后只能用不定式而不能接动名词作宾语 如ask demand 要求 plan intend mean 计划 manage do tryone sbest makeanattempt learn 学习 wish hope desire expect long want wouldlike shouldlike wouldprefer 希望 愿意 agree promise 同意 decide determine choose makeadecision makeupone smind 决定 offer 主动提出 apply 申请 help 帮助 fail 不能 没有 prepare 准备 pretend 假装 refuse 拒绝 happen 碰巧 afford 负担得起 等 2 有的动词或动词短语后只能用动名词而不能接不定式 如allow permit 允许 consider 考虑 suggest advise 建议 keep on 反复 不停 finish 完成 imagine 想象 practise 练习 understand 明白 appreciate enjoy 喜欢 miss 错过 怀念 prevent 阻止 forbid 禁止 escape 避免 include 包括 forgive pardon excuse 原谅 dislike 厌恶 discuss 讨论 report 报道 admit 承认 mind 介意 risk 冒险 can tstand 不能忍受 burstout 突然开始 feellike 想要 insiston 坚持 delay 推迟 延误 putoff 推迟 giveup 放弃 bebusy 忙于 beworth 值得 等 3 下列动词和短语动词后接不定式和接动名词意义不同 remembertodo 记住去做 rememberdoing 记得做过 forgettodo 忘记去做 forgetdoing 忘记做过 regrettodo 遗憾地做 regretdoing 后悔做了 trytodo 设法做 trydoing 试做 goontodo 接着做另一事 goondoing 继续做同一事 meantodo 打算做 meandoing 意味着 stoptodo 停下来去做 stopdoing 停止做 can thelptodo 不能帮助做 can thelpdoing 情不自禁做 4 在介词后一般用动名词 下面是一些含介词的固定句式 其中有的介词有时会被省略 prevent stop keep fromdoing 阻止 做 spend wastetimeormoneyindoing 在做 方面花费 浪费时间或金钱 How Whataboutdoingsth 做 怎么样 havesomedifficulty troubleindoing 在做 方面有些困难 haveahardtimeindoingsth 做某事很艰难 thereisnosenseindoing 做 是没有理由 道理的 thank excuse admire praise blame scold punishsbfordoingsth 因做某事而感谢 原谅 羡慕 表扬 责备 责骂 惩罚某人 等 5 to是介词的固定词组很多 常见的有 lookforwardto 盼望 devote to bedevotedto 致力于 be getusedto 习惯 leadto 导致 getdownto 开始认真 payattentionto 注意 referto 谈到 pointto 指向 turnto 转向 objectto 反对 beequalto 等于 能胜任 belongto 属于 等 6 在表示 需要 的need want require等后用v ing的主动式表示被动含义 此时也可用不定式的被动式 7 在make let have 使 让 等使役动词后作宾补的不定式要省略不定式符号to 但在被动语态后作主补时要加上to 在hear see watch等感官动词后 作宾补时 用原形表示动作全过程 用现在分词表示当时动作正在发生 若是被动语态 原形前要加上to 此外 表示情感的动词 其分词作形容词用时 v ing表示 令人 的 事物 v ed表示 感到 的 如 surprising令人吃惊的 事物 surprised 人 感到吃惊的 读语篇 悟语法 反复朗读下列短文 留意领悟黑体画线的非谓语动词 思考 是哪类非谓语动词 在句中作什么成分 Goodafternoon Ladiesandgentlemen Itisagreathonorformetointroduce 1 thisEnglishspeechcontest Asweallknow tomaster 2 aforeignlanguageisveryimportantforus Takingpart 3 inEnglishspeechisahelpfulwaytolearnEnglish 4 Everyonewantstoshow 5 theirbest Whenwehavebeenpreparingforit wecanimproveourlisteningandspeaking 6 ability developing 7 agoodhabitoflearningEnglish 8 Intheprocessofthepetition youshouldpayattentiontotherulesmadebyus 9 First youshouldmakeyourvoiceheard 10 clearlybyeveryone soreadingaloud 11 isverynecessary Second youshouldtryyourbesttoexpress 12 yourselfinEnglishfluently Finally youshouldfinishyourspeechinfiveminutes IamsuretheEnglishspeechpetitionwillbeagreatsuccessandtheaudiencewillfeelsatisfied 13 withourperformance Thankyou 1 tointroducethisEnglishspeechcontest是不定式作真正的主语 it是形式主语 2 tomasteraforeignlanguage也是不定式作主语 3 TakingpartinEnglishspeech是动名词短语作主语 4 tolearnEnglish是不定式作定语 修饰way 5 toshowtheirbest是不定式作宾语 在want hope decide等动词后 若用动词作宾语 只能用不定式 6 listeningandspeaking是动名词作定语 修饰ability 表示类别 7 developingagoodhabitoflearningEnglish是现在分词短语作状语 8 learningEnglish是动名词短语作介词of的宾语 9 madebyus是过去分词短语作后置定语 10 heardclearlybyeveryone是过去分词短语作宾补 11 readingaloud是动名词短语作主语 12 toexpressyourselfinEnglishfluently是不定式作目的状语 13 satisfied是过去分词作形容词 在句中作表语 意为 感到满意的 单句填空 用所给动词的适当形式填空 1 Marywillneverforgetthefirsttimeshesawhim Hesuddenlyappearedinclassoneday wear sunglasses 2 Inoticedaman sit atthefront 3 Hespatitout say itwasawful 4 Shewishedthathewasaseasy please ashermother whowasalwaysdelightedwithperfume 5 Forexample theproverb pluckingupacrop help itgrow isbasedonthefollowingstory wearing sitting saying toplease tohelp 6 Simonmadeabigbamboobox keep thelittlesickbirdtillitcouldfly 7 Hisfirstbook publish nextmonthisbasedonatruestory 8 Lydiadoesn tfeellike study abroad Herparentsareold 9 Sarahpretendedtobecheerful say nothingabouttheargument 10 Ihadgreatdifficulty find thesuitablefoodonthemenuinthatrestaurant 11 Itrainedheavilyinthesouth cause seriousfloodinginseveralprovinces 12 Thetrafficrulesaysyoungchildrenundertheageoffourand weigh lessthan40poundsmustbeinachildsafetyseat tokeep tobepublished studying saying finding causing weighing 13 Ican tstand work withJaneinthesameoffice Shejustrefuses stop talkingwhilesheworks 14 Asaresultoftheseriousflood two thirdsofthebuildingsintheareaneed repair 15 Isn tittimeyougotdownto mark thepapers 16 Mr Reedmadeuphismindtodevoteallhehadto set upsomeschoolsforpoorchildren 17 TsinghuaUniversity found in1911 ishometoagreatnumberofoutstandingfigures working tostop repairing toberepaired marking setting founded 18 LiJianputupapictureofYaoMingbesidethebedtokeephimself remind ofhisowndreams 19 offer animportantroleinanewmovie Andyhadgotachancetobeefamous 20 Clairehadherluggage check anhourbeforeherplaneleft 21 Alexandertriedtogethiswork recognize inthemedicalcircles 22 Agreatnumberofstudents question saidtheywereforcedtopractisethepiano reminded Offered checked recognized questioned 单句改错 下列每句中最多有两处错误 每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加 删除或修改 请指出并改正 动词不定式 1 Hemanagedescapefromthefire 2 Nothingwillmakemetochangemymind 3 Marydoesn thavetobemadelearnbecauseshealwaysworkshard 4 Hehurriedtothetrainstation onlyfindthetrainhadgone 5 Tiredfromwork hewantstodonothingbuttowatchTV 6 Atpresent Ihavenochoicebutwait 在manage后加to 去掉to 在bemade后加to 在find前加to 去掉watch前的to 在but后加to 7 Youfeelstressedout Whynothavingachatwithourteachers 8 Idon tthinkitpossibletomasteringaforeignlanguagewithoutmuchmemorywork 9 I veworkedwithchildrenbefore soIknowwhatexpectinmynewjob 10 Allofyoucanhaveanothertryifyouwant having have mastering master 在expect前加to 在want后加to 11 Inourcity therearealotofrestaurantsthatservingwesternfood 12 Youcan timaginehowexciteditistolistentotopscientistssharetheirpredictiononwhattheworldwillbelikeinacentury 13 Sitbesideme mybeloveddaughtergavemeavividdescriptionofwhatsheexperiencedinherdream 14 Wewerekepttowaitingforquitealongtimebeforethehostturnedup 15 OntheDragonBoatFestival wesawtheseashorecrowdedwithpeoplewatchedthedragonboatrace 动词 ing形式 去掉that serving serve excited exciting Sit Sitting 去掉waiting前的to watched watching 16 Itisnogoodcopytheanswerwithouttryingtounderstandit 17 Missingthetrainmeanwaitingforanotherhour 18 Themajorityofthepeoplequestionedinanonlinesurveyareopposedtoincreaseretirementage 19 Asasenior3studentpreparingfortheingtest hespendsmostofhistimeimprovethisproblem solvingability 20 Itisreportedthatthehurricanecausedgreatdamagetotheconstructionsofthetown withtensofhundredsofhousesdestroyedbythefallentrees copy copying mean means increase increasing improve improving fallen falling 21 NowwhenpeoplerefertoEnglandyoufindWalesincludingaswell 22 Exhausting Islidintobedandfellfastasleep 23 Thepaintingsbeingstolenfromthemuseumhaven tbeenfound 24 Themurdererwasbroughtin withhishandstyingbehind 25 Mr Smith tiredoftheboredspeech startedtoreadanovel 26 Seeingfromthespace theearthlooksblue 动词 ed形式 including included Exhausting Exhausted 去掉stolen前的being tying tied bored boring Seeing Seen 27 Thearchitectsinvitingbythekingthoughthighlyofthebridgebuilt andgavemoresuggestionsbeforeitwasfinished 28 Keepinrefrigerator thesevegetableswillremainfresh 29 Doyouthinktheworkerscangetthejobfinishingontime 30 Wehearitsayfrequentlythatwhatnowpeoplemostdesireissecurity inviting invited 在built前加being Keep Kept finishing finished say said 语篇填空 用所给动词的正确形式填空 1 fall inlovewithabeautifullady alionwenttoherparentsandaskedthem2 marry hertohim Theoldparentsdidnotknowwhattosay Not3 hope togivetheirdaughtertothelion theydidnotwant4 anger thekingofbeasts Atlastthefathersaid Weareglad5 marry ourdaughtertoyou butwefearthatyoumightpossiblyhurther So6 remove yourclawsandteeth youcanmarryher 7 love theladyverymuch theliontrimmed 修剪 hisclawsandtookouthisbigteeth 8 e totheparentsagain hewassimplylaughedinhisface 9 beat outofthehouse thelionfelt10 depress anddiedsoon 语篇导读 这是一则有深刻意义的寓言故事 寓意 有些人轻易相信别人的话 抛弃自己的长处 结果轻而易举地被原来害怕自己的人击败了 1 Falling alion与fall是主动关系 用v ing形式作状语 表示原因 2 tomarry asksbtodosth 不定式作宾补 3 hoping they与hope是主动关系 用v ing形式作状语 表示让步 相当于Althoughtheydidn thopeto 4 toanger want后只能用不定式作宾语 意为 不想激怒百兽之王 5 tomarry 在作表语的形容词glad后作状语 表示原因 只能用不定式 6 removing you与remove是主动关系 用v ing形式作状语 表示条件 相当于ifyouremove 7 Loving thelion与love是主动关系 用v ing形式作状语 表示原因 8 Coming he与e是主动关系 用v ing形式作伴随状语 9 Beaten thelion与beat是被动关系 用v ed形式作状语 表示原因 10 depressed 表示狮子 感到沮丧的 用v ed形式作表语 第二课时高考研究课 非谓语动词在语法填空中的考查点 规律方法 4步法 轻松搞定语法填空 第一步 利用 有无连词 原则确定是谓语还是非谓语分析句子结构 判断出句子的主干 主语和谓语 如果题线处作谓语 则要用谓语动词 如果题线处不作谓语 则要用非谓语动词 第二步 根据句意和作用确定句子成分根据句意和题线处在句子中的位置和作用 确定其所充当的句子成分 从而确定空格内所需填入的非谓语动词的形式 第三步 根据与逻辑主语的关系确定语态如果非谓语动词表示的动作与其逻辑主语之间为主谓关系 则用v ing形式或不定式的主动式 若为动宾关系 则用v ing形式的被动式 不定式的被动式或过去分词 第四步 根据与谓语动词的先后关系确定时态非谓语动词表示的动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前用过去分词或不定式的完成式 如果非谓语动词表示的动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之后用不定式或v ing形式的一般式 1 Thisincludeddigginguptheroad lay thetrackandthenbuildingastrongroofoverthetop 2017 全国卷 2 Fatandsaltareveryimportantpartsofadiet Theyarerequired process thefoodthatweeat torecoverfrominjuryandforseveralotherbodilyfunctions 2017 全国卷 laying laying和句中的diggingup building并列 作include的宾语 真题验证1 toprocess requiresbtodosth要求某人做某事 3 Fastfoodisfulloffatandsalt by eat morefastfoodpeoplewillgetmoresaltandfatthantheyneedintheirdiet 2017 全国卷 4 Butunlikeherschoolfriends 16 year oldSarahisnotspendinghalf term rest Instead sheisearning 6 500adayasamodelinNewYork 2017 全国卷 eating by在此处表示 通过 是介词 后接动词 ing形式作宾语 resting spendtime in doing花费时间做某事 为固定句型 5 ButSarah whohastakenpartinshowsalongwithtopmodels wants prove thatshehasbrainsaswellasbeauty 2017 全国卷 6 Sixteenyearsearlier Pahlssonhadremovedthediamondring cook ameal 2017 浙江卷 toprove 根据句子结构可知 此处应该使用不定式作动词want的宾语 tocook 根据句子结构可知 本句已有谓语动词remove 故此处用不定式作目的状语 7 Myambassadorialdutieswillinclude introduce Britishvisitorstothe120 pluspandasatChengduandothersataresearchcentreinthemistymountainsofBifengxia 2016 全国卷 8 Ifyoufindsomethingyoulovedoingoutsideoftheoffice you llbelesslikely bring yourworkhome 2016 全国卷 introducing 动名词introducing作include的宾语 tobring belikelytodo 有可能做 为固定句型 9 Inadditiontotheirsimplebeauty whatmakestheadobedwellingsadmirableistheirabilityto aircondition ahousewithout use electricequipment 2015 全国卷 10 Whenanewdaybreaks thewallshavegivenuptheirheatandarenowcoldenough cool thehouseduringthehotday 2015 全国卷 using 介词后常常用动名词形式作宾语 tocool be adj enoughtodo足够 可以做 为固定句型 11 Abercrombie Kent atravelpanyinHongKong saysitregularlyarrangesquickgetawayshereforpeople live inShanghaiandHongKong 2015 全国卷 12 Yangshuoisreallybeautiful Astudyoftravelers conduct bythewebsiteTripAdvisornamesYangshuoasoneofthetop10destinationsintheworld 2015 全国卷 living live和people之间为主动关系 故用现在分词 conducted conduct与其所修饰的名称study构成被动关系 故用过去分词作后置定语 非谓语动词在短文改错中的考查点 1 正确分析句子结构 如果句中已有谓语动词 那么另外一个动词在无连词的情况下要改为非谓语动词 2 根据非谓语动词在句中所作成分 句式的特殊要求 判断非谓语动词的形式 3 确定非谓语动词与其逻辑主语之间是主谓关系还是动宾关系 4 牢记一些常用搭配 5 介词后常常使用动名词作宾语 规律方法 1 IshowedthemIwasindependentbywearstrangeclothes 2016 全国卷 2 Afterlooksatthetoyforsometime heturnedaroundandfoundhisparentsweremissing 2015 全国卷 3 We vebeenspendingalotoftimesinginkaraokebars 2015 四川卷 真题验证2 wear wearing 介词后应使用动名词作宾语 looks looking 介词后应使用动名词作宾语 sing singing spendtime in doing 为固定句型 4 Ienjoyedsitclosetothewindowsandlookingattheview 2015 浙江卷 5 Oneeveningatsunset wesatbythefire haveourbarbecue 陕西卷 6 Haveteainthelateafternoonprovidesabridgebetweenlunchanddinner whichmightnotbeserveduntil8o clockatnight 全国卷 sit sitting enjoy后常常接动名词作宾语 have having 句中谓语动词为sat 且句中无连词 故have应该改为现在分词短语作伴随状语 Have Having 谓语动词为provides 根据句子结构可知 其前应该为主语 故用动名词having作主语 第三课时写作增分课 非谓语动词在写作中的增分点一 用不定式或动名词作主语写句子 1 如果你想上一个好的大学 学好英语是一件必须做的事情 beadmittedtoakeycollege learnEnglishwell amust 也可用Tolearn 用Learning时句子表达的是一般常识 用Tolearn you指的是具体的一个人 LearningEnglishwellisamustifyouwanttobeadmittedtoakeycollege 2 经常锻炼身体不仅对我们的健康有好处 还可以使我们学习更高效 takeexerciseregularly doalotofgoodto learnmoreeffectively 3 现在辍学不是个好主意 你以后会后悔的 dropoutofschool regret Takingexerciseregularlywilldoalotofgoodtoourhealth whichcanalsohelpuslearn moreeffectively Todropoutofschoolnowisnotagoodidea forwhichyouwillregretinthefuture 二 用非谓语动词作表语写句子1 我的爱好是听音乐和踢足球 hobby 2 我的职责是照看所有这些花 duty takecareof 3 我的梦想是上重点大学 dream gotoakeycollege Myhobbiesarelisteningtomusicandplayingfootball Mydutyistakingcareofalltheseflowers Mydreamistogotoakeycollege 三 用不定式作宾语 动名词作宾语写句子1 我下决心尽我最大努力来赶上别人 determine doone sbest catchupwithothers 2 由于下雨 我没能按时到达那里 becauseof fail 3 我向我们的老师求助 他建议我每天练习说英语 turntosomebodyforhelp suggest practice speakEnglish Ideterminedtotrymybesttocatchupwithothers Becauseoftherain Ifailedtogetthereontime Iturnedtoourteacherforhelp andhesuggestedpracticingspeakingEnglisheveryday 4 为什么不试着坐火车去旅行呢 坐火车既舒适又安全 whynot trydoing fortableandsafe 5 我想集中注意力学习 但我整天总是情不自禁地想起这个事 concentrateon can thelp keeponthinkingaboutit 6 除去向你求助 我别无选择 havenochoice but turnto Whynottrytravellingonatrain It sfortableandsafe Itrytoconcentrateonmystudies butIcan thelpkeepingonthinkingaboutitallday Ihavenochoicebuttoturntoyouforhelp Ihavenothingtodobutturntoyouforhelp 7 我盼望快点收到你的来信 lookforwardto hearfrom 8 当谈到学英语 每个人都有自己的方法 whenitesto method Iamlookingforwardtohearingfromyousoon WhenitestolearningEnglish everyonehashisownmethod 四 用非谓语动词作定语写句子1 解决这个问题的最好办法是依靠你自己 thebestway solvetheproblem dependon 2 有许多人认为学生在学校不应带手机 therebe take withthematschool 3 仍有许多问题有待解决 therebe remaintobedone Thebestwaytosolvetheproblemistodependonyourself Therearemanypeoplethinkingthatstudentsshouldn ttakecellphoneswiththematschool Therearemanyproblemsremainingtobesolved 4 我写信申请昨天 中国日报 上所登广告的那个职位 applyfortheposition advertise 5 三分之二被采访的学生说他们赞成这个主意 twothirds interview infavorof Iamwritingtoapplyforthepositionadvertisedinyesterday sChinaDaily Twothirdsofthestudentsinterviewedsaytheyareinfavoroftheidea 五 使用非谓语动词作状语 轻松写高级句式1 因此 他这次考试考得非常好 在班级排第一名 asaresult rankfirst 2 我相信 你要赶上别人 不会有什么困难 havetrouble catchupwith 3 每节课你都应当认真听讲 尽力不要错过任何要点 listenwithfullattention tryto missanypoint Asaresult hedidverywellintheexam rankingfirstinhisclass Iamsureyouwillhavenotroublecatchingupwithothers Ineverylesson youshouldlistenwithfullattention tryingnottomissanypoint 4 我每天夜里睡得都很晚 在为即将到来的考试做准备 stayuplate makepreparationsfor theingexams 5 再给我一次机会 我会做得更好 givemeanotherchance 6 面对这样一个问题 我不知道该怎么办 facing facedwith ataloss Istayeduplateeverynight makingpreparationsfortheingexams Givenanotherchance Icandobetter Givemeanotherchance andIcandobetter Facedwith Facingsuchaproblem Iamatalosswhattodo 六 使用非谓语动词作宾语补足语写句子1 在你离开的时候 不要让 自来 水流着 leavethewaterrunning 2 我将派人去机场接你 havesomeonedosomething pickup 3 我们要求采取更多的措施来阻止这样的事情再次发生 askmoreto prevent from Don tleavethewaterrunningwhenyouleave Iwillhavesomeonepickyouupattheairport Weaskmoretobedonetopreventsuchthingsfromhappeningagain 七 用非谓语动词的完成式 进行式 被动式和否定式写句子1 由于没有经常给你写信 我应向你道歉 oweyouanapology 2 不知道该怎么办 我向我们的老师求助 turntosbforhelp 3 我后悔没有听我们老师的建议 regret followone sadvice Ioweyouanapologyfornotwritingmoreoften Notknowingwhattodo Iturnedtoourteacherforhelp Iregretnotfollowing havingfollowedmyteacher sadvice 4 我考试不及格使我的父母非常生气 failingtheexam 5 我碰巧也去过那里 happento havebeenthere Myfailingtheexammademyparentsveryangry Ihappenedtohavebeentherebefore 八 运用独立主格结构 轻松写高级句式1 上周六没有课 我们去参观了长城 therebe payavisitto 2 我们的校园非常美丽 花儿香 鸟儿唱 schoolyard smellsweet singhappily 3 天气很糟 我们不得不放弃爬上山顶的计划 weather giveup thetopofthemount TherebeingnoclasseslastSaturday wepaidavisittotheGreatWall Ourschoolyardisverybeautiful flowerssmellingsweetandbirdssinginghappily Theweatherbeingbad wehadtogiveuptheplantoclimbupthetopofthemount 4 每天有如此多的作业要做 我感到身心疲惫 with assignment exhausted physicallyandmentally Withsomanyassignmentstopleteeveryday Ifeelexhaustedphysicallyandmentally 九 用动名词复合结构和动词不定式复合结构写句子1 我想学法律专业 但我的父母却坚持让我学医 majorin insiston medicine 2 我还清楚地记得你带着我们参观你们城市的情形 我真的很感激 remember showaround appreciate 3 他没通过考试使他这几天很不高兴 failingtopasstheexam makesbupset Iwouldliketomajorinlaw butmyparentsinsistonme mylearningmedicine Istillrememberclearlyyour youshowingusaroundyourcityandIreallyappreciateit Hisfailingtopasstheexammadehimupsetthesedays 4 我们多读点英文故事书的这个建议是解决我们问题的最好办法 suggestionof perfectsolutionto 5 如果能为我约定个时间 我将不胜感激 appreciatedoing makeanappointmentfor 6 你给我如此多实用的建议真是太好了 it skind somanypracticalsuggestions Thesuggestionofus ourreadingmoreEnglishstorybooksisaperfectsolutiontoourproblems Iwouldappreciateyou yourmakinganappointmentforme It sverykindofyoutogivemesomanypracticalsuggestions