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Unit 6 Enjoying Cycling词汇精讲精练句式精讲 1. Its too far to cycle. tooto意为“太而不能”。它在结构形式上是肯定的，但意义上却表示否定含义，所以动词不定式符号to前不能再加not，只接动词原形即可，too后接形容词或副词原形。例如： The book is too difficult to understand. 这本书难于理解。【拓展】 （1）在tooto句型中，当动词不定式的动词是不及物动词，其后所跟的介词不能省略。例如： The room is too small to live in. 这房间太小了不能住。 （2）在tooto句型中，当动词不定式的宾语实际上就是这个句子的主语时，动词不定式后面不能再加代词作宾语。例如： The question is too difficult to answer. 这个问题太难了，无法回答。 （3）在tooto句型中，当动词不定式能确切说明动作执行者时，可以在动词不定式前面加上逻辑主语，即for sb.形式。例如： The box is too heavy for him to carry. 箱子太沉了，他搬不动。 （4）含tooto的句子可以改写成sothat句型，意为“如此以至于”。例如： He is too old to do hard work. =He is so old that he cant do hard work. 他年纪太大而不能干重活。 （5）含tooto的句子也可以用“not + 形容词/副词 + enough to do sth.”句型来替换，但注意要用原句中形容词或副词的反义词。例如： He is too old to do hard work. =He is not young enough to do hard work. 他年纪大了，不能做重活。2. I have some exciting news to tell you. to tell you由to+动词原形构成的动词不定式，在句子中作定语，放在所修饰的名词之后。例如：Do you know the best way to learn English well?你知道学好英语的最佳方法吗？【注意】动词不定式作定语时，总是后置，不定式与其所修饰的词构成逻辑上的动宾关系，而该不定式为不及物动词时，其后须加上适当的介词，构成及物动词短语。 例如：I am looking for a room to live in. 我正在找一间屋子住。I need a piece of paper to write on. 我需要一张写字用的纸。【拓展】不定式还有以下用法：（1）作主语。例如：To see is to believe. 眼见为实。（2）作宾语。这样的动词有：want; hope; ask; decide等。例如：I want to be a football player. 我想成为一名足球运动员。（3）作宾语补足语。这样的动词有：ask; teach; want; tell; allow等。例如：He asked me to e here in time. 他叫我及时到达这里。（4）作表语。例如：My wish is to bee a famous pianist. 我的愿望就是成为一名著名的钢琴家。3. Why dont we go out for the day? “Why dont +主语（名词或代词）+动词原形+其他？”相当于“Why not+动词原形+其他？”并不表示疑问，而是征求意见和提出建议。例如： Why dont you go swimming? = Why not go swimming? 为什么不去游泳呢？ Why not play football with us? 为什么不和我们去踢足球呢？ That sounds like a good idea. 这是个好主意。4. While Jane was singing, I was reading a book. while 作连词，意为“当时候”，引导时间状语从句，并且是主句和从句动作同时发生，从句中的动词必须是延续性动词或表状态，且常用进行时态。例如： He came in while I was watching TV. 当我在看电视时，他进来了。 【拓展】while; when与as的辨析：（1）while强调动作同时进行，从句常用进行时，其动词必须为延续性动词或表状态。例如：He was watching TV while she was cooking. 她做饭时，他在看电视。（2）when既可指动作同时进行，也可指先后发生，从句中的动作既可是延续性动词，也可是非延续性动词。若是同时发生且为延续性动词，则可与while互换；若when作并列连词，表示“就在那时，这时候”则只能用when，并且when引导的从句只能放在后面。例如：When the alien got out, the girl was shopping. = While the girl was shopping, the alien got out.当外星人出来时，小女孩在购物。We were watching TV when there was a knock at the door. 我们在看电视，这时有人敲门。（3）as多指主句从句两动作同时发生，常翻译为“一边一边”。例如：They talked as they walked. 他们边走边谈。5. Bicycle riding is good exercise. bicycle riding为动名词短语，在句子中做主语。动名词作主语时，谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式。例如：Swimming is good for our health. 游泳对我们的健康有益。【拓展】动名词和不定式都可以作主语，但在用法上有区别：（1）不定式作主语通常表示一次性、未来的且具体的特指动作，而动名词作主语通常表示习惯性、经常性和不具体的泛指动作。例如：Walking is a good form of exercise for both the young and the old. 步行对年轻人和老年人来说都是一种好的锻炼形式。To carry the heavy box is not easy for the boy. 对这个男孩来说，搬这个箱子是不容易的。（2）动名词作主语和不定式作主语有时可以互换。例如：Playing with fire is dangerous. = To play with fire is dangerous. 玩火是危险的。6. If people obey the traffic rules, there will be fewer accidents. if做连词，意为“如果”。本句是含有if引导的条件状语从句的复合句，要注意：if 条件状语从句中，主句用一般将来时，从句用一般现在时表示将来。遵循“主将从现”原则。另外，主句也可以用祈使句或含有情态动词的句子。例如：We will go to the park if it doesnt rain tomorrow.如果明天不下雨，我们就去公园。Dont wait for me if I am late.如果我晚了就不要等我。If you want to lose weight, you must eat less bread. 如果你想减肥，你必须少吃面包。7. We should never ride too fast. should作情态动词，意为“应当，应该”。表示义务、责任，可用于各种人称，无人称和数的变化，也不能单独作谓语，只能和动词一起构成谓语，表示说话人的语气和情态；否定形式为should not，缩写为shouldnt。其主要用法有： （1）表示责任和义务，意为“应该”。例如： You should take your teachers advice. 你应该听从你老师的建议。 You shouldnt be late for class. 你不应该上课迟到。 （2）表示推断，意为“可能，该”。例如： The train should have already left. 火车可能已经离开了。句式精练I. 补全对话。根据下面的对话情景，在每个空白处填上一个适当的句子，使对话的意思连贯、完整。A: Hello! May I speak to Rita?B: This is Rita. 1. _?A: Hi, Rita. This is Candy. Would you like to go to Xian ping Park(咸平公园）tomorrow?B: Great! Id like to. What time shall we start?A: 2. _?B: All right, 8 oclock is fine. Oh, 3. _? A: It will be sunny. So please bring your sunglasses. By the way, do you have Jacks telephone number? Hell go with us.B: 4. _. Ill call him later. But where shall we meet together tomorrow?A: At our school gate.B: OK. 5. _?A: We can take NO. 2 bus to there.B: See you tomorrow.A: See you.II. 句型转换，每空一词。1. Why dont you go to school earlier?(改为同义句)_ _ go to school earlier?2. Get up early, or you will be late.(改为同义句)_ _ _ get up early, you _ be late.3. Shanghai is larger than any other city in China.(改为同义句)Shanghai is _ _ _ in China.4. The train ticket cost him ￥120. (对划线部分提问) _ _ _ the train ticket _ _?5. It often takes about 16 hours to go from Beijing to Shanghai by train. (对划线部分提问)_ _ _ it often _ to go from Beijing to Shanghai by train?6. Tony doesnt know which book he should choose. (改为同义句)Tony doesnt know which book _ _.7. I would like to e to China for my vacation. (改为一般疑问句)_ _ like to e to China for _ vacation.8. Its very hard to work out the math problem.(同义句)_ _ _ the math problem is very hard.9. Tom gets a letter from his father every month. (改为同义句)Tom _ _ his father every month.10. Lucy will give a phone call to her friend. Lucy will get off the plane. (用as soon as合并为一句)Lucy will give a phone call to her friend _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _.III. 根据汉语意思完成句子，每空一词。1. 你收到李伟的来信了吗？Did you _ _ Li Wei?2. 他们在盼望着游览北京。They are _ _ _ _ Beijing.3. 我想只有Peter能想出这些奇怪的主意。I think only Peter can _ _ these strange ideas.4. Jane 经常在星期天帮她妈妈打扫房间。Jane often _ her mother _ the room.5. Michael建议我们筹钱。Michael _ us _ _ _. 6. 看！康康正在看电视而明明正忙着做作业。Look！Kangkang TV while Mingming is busy his homework.7. 你能帮我们做个参观长城的计划吗？Would you help us to visit the Great Wall?8. 我很高兴收到你的明信片。 Im to your postcard.9. 走路大约需要两个半小时。 Its about _ _on foot.10. 那个男孩看起来不同意妈妈的意见。 The boy seemed to his mother.参考答案I. 补全对话。 1. Who is that (speaking)? 2. What/How about 8 oclock?3. How will the weather be tomorrow? 4. Yes, I do. 5. How can we get there? II. 句型转换, 每空一词。1. Why not 2.If you dont; will 3. the largest city 4.How much did; cost him 5. How long does; take 6. to choose 7. Would you; your 8. To work out 9. hears from 10. as soon as she gets off the planeIII. 根据汉语意思完成句子，每空一词。1.hear from 2.looking forward to visiting 3.think of 4.helps; clean 5.advised to raise money 6. is watching; doing 7. make a plan8. glad/ happy; receive 9. two and a half hours / two hours and a half 10. disagree with
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