资源描述
2019年中考英语完形填空专讲专练The Power of Story教学目标1. 掌握本篇完形填空中出现的高频词及长难句。2. 掌握完形填空的解题技巧，并能够指出本篇完形填空中运用到的解题技巧。3. 通过完形填空高频词、长难句等语料的积累，及完形填空解题技巧的练习，灵活应对各种完形填空题。名师点拨知识篇“巧妇难为无米之炊”，在英语学习的过程中，语料的积累至关重要。对于完形填空高频词和长难句的梳理，能够为我们今后的学习和提升打下良好的基础。亲爱的同学，老师已经为你梳理出了本篇文章中的一些高频词和长难句，快来看看你掌握了吗？一、高频词【课前检测学生的词汇量储备, 以教师提问的形式进行。具体使用中可以删去词义词性部分，给小例句提示。并标记出学生的实际掌握情况（优良差）】单词词性及词义示例备注掌握情况powern.1)影响力 2)权力3)力量v. 驱动The Power of StoryThe car is powered by engine.相关词：powerfuldisappearv.消失；不见my dog Gracie disappeared six years ago.相关词：appear“dis-”表否定的前缀believev.相信；认为I really learned what I believe.相关词：beliefsearchv.搜查We searched the neighborhood for hourslostadj.1)迷路的 2)丢失的 3)茫然无措的I felt so lost after my dog is lost.patientlyadv.耐心的相关词：patient; patienceendlesslyadv.无止境地；不断地Search endlessly相关词：endlessfaithn.信任；信心；信仰I told her losing Gracie was like losing faith in everything.相关词：faithfuladventuren.冒险imaginev.想象She imagined walking into a forest and enjoying the fresh air.相关词：imaginationwaitv.等待supportv./n.1)支持2)养活3)支撑He has a big family to support.相关词：supportermovedadj.感动的相关词：movingreasonableadj.合理的；公道的相关词：reasonunreasonableordern. 1)次序2)命令3)订单v.1)命令 2)订购,点菜The officer ordered them to fire.remindv.提醒；使想起He reminded her of Santa Claus.suggestv.1)建议 2)表明;暗示I suggest that we go out to eat.All the evidence suggests that he stole the money.相关词：suggestion; advice; advise; lastingadj.持久的lasting friendships相关词：lastput up1)张贴 2)搭建 3)提高We put up advertisements.look up1)+sb拜访 2)+sth查阅 3)+to sb 尊敬I looked it up in the dictionary.build up1)创建 2)增强set up1)建起 2)安装好 3)开办make up1)构成 2)编造 3)铺床 4)弥补give up放弃deal with处理；解决相关词：do with; hold on to抓紧hold sth. together使保持团结Its what holds our life together.二、长难句【课前检测学生的句型储备, 以教师提问的形式进行。可以根据提示分析句子结构完成句子翻译。】1. When my dog Gracie disappeared six years ago, I really learned what I believe.结构分析：_本句含有when引导的时间状语从句，表示“当时候”和what引导的宾语从句。句子翻译：_当我的小狗Gracie六年前失踪后，我真正学到我所相信的。仿句练习：读书的时候，你最好记录下你认为对你有帮助的内容。Whenyoureadabook,youdbetterwrite down what you think is helpful to you. _2. by dark, we returned home, exhausted (精疲力竭).结构分析：_本句含有“形容词exhausted”做主语补语的结构，表明主语的状态。句子翻译：_天黑时，我们精疲力竭地回家了。仿句练习：天黑时，我们又累又饿地回到家里。By dark, we returned home, tired and hungry. _3. If I knew she had found a better home, I would be _ (33) yet relieved (放心的).结构分析：_本句含有if引导的条件状语从句，表示如果；本句中的“yet”表示转折，意为“但是”。句子翻译：_如果我知道她有了一个好去处，我会_但是会放心些。仿句练习：如果我们多关爱地球，就会拥有一个更美好的世界。If we pay much attention to the earth, well have a better world. _4. As one writer said, all (that)we have is stories. Its what holds our life together.结构分析：_本句含有1.“as引导的非限制性定语从句”意为“正如”；2. 省略that的定语从句“(that)we have”修饰all；3. what引导的表语从句。句子翻译：_正如一位作家所说，我们所拥有的一切都是故事。它使我们的生活凝聚到一起。仿句练习：众所周知，那些做普通简单工作的人也在为社会的发展做贡献。As we all know, those who do simple and ordinary jobs are also making a contribution to the development of the society. _5. Why not imagine now that she was off on an adventure exploring her wolf side?结构分析：_本句含有1.“why not”结构，表示“为什么不呢？”；2. that引导的宾语从句句子翻译：_为什么不想象现在她正在冒险探索她狼的那一面呢？仿句练习：为什么不加入我们呢？Why not join us? _方法篇“方法得当, 事半功倍。”只有语料的积累，没有好方法的辅助也是不够的。对于完形填空解题方法的梳理，能够帮助我们更好地理解完形填空的命题逻辑，在有足够语料积累的基础上，能够帮助我们争取高分。亲爱的同学，老师已经为你精心整理了完形填空的解题技巧，快来看看你掌握了多少？一、完形填空解题步骤第一步通读全文，把握脉络跳过空格，速读全文，把握大意。注意文中的语篇关键词，和句中的连词，如but出现后就说明句子强调的重点是but后面的内容；再如代词it指代的定是前文的单数或者不可数名词。找到关键词可以帮助我们掌握文章的大概意思及其想要传达的寓意。第二步瞻前顾后，上下求索联系上下文，运用解题策略从句子、段落、语篇层面解题，抓住文章中的上下文线索词。【具体的解题策略会在下一部分详细描述】第三步再读文章，核查答案代入答案，再读全文，反复检查，争取做到：结构正确+语义通顺+逻辑合理。二、完形填空解题策略方法方法一：词汇复现法解释“词汇复现”是指某一词汇以原词、词形变化(如protect和protection)、同义词/近义词(如road和trail)、反义词(如wrong和 correct)、上下义词(上下义是指词的总结和分解关系，上义词是总称词，下义词是被包含的个体或种类。如adult是my father的上义词；coat是clothes的下义词) 等重复出现在语篇之中。例题例1：He is very kind and friendly to others. Because of his _, he is quite popular with the people around him. A. ability B. honesty C. relationship D. kindness【分析：通过上文“He is very kind and friendly to others”，由“kind”可知因为他的“善良友好”他很受欢迎。故选D。】例2：The old man tends to forget things from time to time. In other words, he is more and more _. A. forgetful B. unforgettable C. easy-going D. hard-working【分析：通过上文“The old man tends to forget things from time to time”，由“forget”可知他越来越“健忘”。故选A。（forgetful“健忘的”，unforgettable“难忘的”。）】方法方法二：上下文推理法解释“上下文推理法”是指根据对上下文的语义和整个语篇的理解，进行适当的推理判断，因此需重点注意挖空处的上下文语境，判断清楚所要表达的含义。例题例：When we talked, I discovered（发现）some differences in school life between the US and China. For example, each class lasts fifty minutes in the US. It is a little _17_ than that in China. We usually have forty minutes in each class.17. A. shorter B. longer C. earlier D. later【分析：通过上文“each class lasts fifty minutes in the US”和下文“We usually have forty minutes in each class.”可知美国每节课是50分钟，中国每节课是40分钟，根据上下文可以推断出美国的课时比中国的长，故选B。】方法方法三：逻辑推理法解释“逻辑推理法”是根据文章的逻辑关系（如因果、并列、让步、转折、时间顺序、目的、条件、选择等）进行适当的推理判断，因此需特别注意挖空处表示逻辑关系的连词（如and表并列，but和however表转折，so表因果，first of all、then和finally表顺序等）。例题例1：My youngest cousin likes Chinese Beijing Opera very much, but he cant sing 6 . 6. A. badlyB. easilyC. wellD. excitedly【分析：通过上文“My youngest cousin likes Chinese Beijing Opera”和连词“but”，可以推断出前后存在转折关系，此处想要表达的含义是“喜欢但唱得不好”，故选C。】方法方法四：文化背景常识法解释“文化背景常识法”是指完形填空的文章内容往往与我们的文化生活、史地知识、生活科技等相关，有些内容是我们已经掌握的生活常识，答题时要充分调动相关知识帮助我们分析、推断。事实上，该技巧与“逻辑推断”常常交织在一起的，因为虽有背景常识，仍需简单推理。需注意中外文化的差异性，不能总是用中国人看问题的角度来看待其它国家发生的事情。例题例：There are many kinds of animals in the world. Elephants are the 1 animals that live on land. Only some kinds of whales (鲸鱼) are bigger than elephants, but they live in the 2 . 1. A. biggest B. smallest C. smaller D. bigger2. A. river B. lake C. sea D. forest【分析：第1题，众所周知：大象是陆地上最大的动物，故选A. biggest。第2题，众所周知：鲸鱼生活在大海里，故选C. sea。】方法方法五：固定搭配法解释完形填空以语境考查为主，但也有小部分题目考查语法知识、固定搭配和固定句型，解题过程中我们需要结合所学固定搭配选出正确答案。例题例1：When two people are in a conversation, the speaker will only look at the listener from time to time, in order to make sure that the listener does pay attention 13 what he or she is speaking 13. A. for B. of C. with D. to【分析：考查固定短语“pay attention to注意”，故选D。】例2：but we were relaxed when we were lying on the beach. We 10 some photos there. 10. A. got B. brought C. bought D. took【分析：考查固定短语“take photos拍照”，故选D。】语篇精讲障碍阅读【遵循完形填空“先完意，后完形”的原则，指导学生在障碍阅读的前提下领悟文章的主要意思，防止学生理解跑偏】（西城二模）The Power of StoryWhen my dog Gracie disappeared six years ago, I really learned what I believe. Gracie escaped from our backyard around 2:00 p.m. We searched the neighborhood for hours but had no _ (31). We put up advertisements, and by dark, we returned home, exhausted (精疲力竭). On the second day, I called my animal doctor, the SPCA, and the animal shelter (收容所). Nothing. I felt lost. If I knew Gracie had been _ (32), I would have been heartbroken. If I knew she was caught somewhere, I would save her. If I knew she had found a better home, I would be _ (33) yet relieved (放心的). But how do I deal with the unknown? Wait patiently? Search endlessly? Give up? The third day, while I was searching in the woods with my friend Rhea, I told her losing Gracie was like losing faith (信任) in everything. Rhea smiled and said, “You know, maybe Gracies on a great adventure.” It seems _ (34), but I felt better then. Rheas words _ (35) me what, as a writer, I surely have faith in: the power of story. As one writer said, all we have is stories. Its what holds our life together. We call stories science, some stories myth (神话), but imagine hearing for the first time that the world may be round. Such stories only bee real when we _ (36) them. And some stories are never supported with scientific facts, but they still seem to hold true. For example, ten years earlier, Id dreamt that I should get a _ (37), and by that evening, Gracie came into my life. When people would ask what kind of dog she was, I would say Muppet wolf terrier (小猎狗). It was something I _ (38) because I believed Gracie was half dog, half wolf. So why not imagine now that she was off on an adventure exploring her wolf side? The fourth day started with me finding a _ (39) on the sidewalk, Id always thought of finding money as a good sign. And I was sure Gracie would e home on the fifth day. I guess it was another story to hold on to. On Day Five, I was at a friends house when her phone rang. I knew immediately it was news about Gracie. And I was right. When I finally saw her in my hallway, I cried. “My wolf days are _ (40).” Gracie seemed to say. “Im back to being a dog”. Or so is the story I choose to believe. 文章大意为（只给出关键词即可）_参考关键词：the power of story; dog; disappear; have faith in; story; better参考答案： when his dog disappeared six years ago, the writer realized the power of story.【注：程度比较好的学生可以进行无选项填空训练】语篇练习话题体裁词数建议用时实际用时正确率难度人生感悟类记叙文44612-15分钟_/10（西城二模）The Power of StoryWhen my dog Gracie disappeared six years ago, I really learned what I believe. Gracie escaped from our backyard around 2:00 p.m. We searched the neighborhood for hours but had no _ (31). We put up advertisements, and by dark, we returned home, exhausted (精疲力竭). On the second day, I called my animal doctor, the SPCA, and the animal shelter (收容所). Nothing. I felt lost. If I knew Gracie had been _ (32), I would have been heartbroken. If I knew she was caught somewhere, I would save her. If I knew she had found a better home, I would be _ (33) yet relieved (放心的). But how do I deal with the unknown? Wait patiently? Search endlessly? Give up? The third day, while I was searching in the woods with my friend Rhea, I told her losing Gracie was like losing faith (信任) in everything. Rhea smiled and said, “You know, maybe Gracies on a great adventure.” It seems _ (34), but I felt better then. Rheas words _ (35) me what, as a writer, I surely have faith in: the power of story. As one writer said, all we have is stories. Its what holds our life together. We call stories science, some stories myth (神话), but imagine hearing for the first time that the world may be round. Such stories only bee real when we _ (36) them. And some stories are never supported with scientific facts, but they still seem to hold true. For example, ten years earlier, Id dreamt that I should get a _ (37), and by that evening, Gracie came into my life. When people would ask what kind of dog she was, I would say Muppet wolf terrier (小猎狗). It was something I _ (38) because I believed Gracie was half dog, half wolf. So why not imagine now that she was off on an adventure exploring her wolf side? The fourth day started with me finding a _ (39) on the sidewalk, Id always thought of finding money as a good sign. And I was sure Gracie would e home on the fifth day. I guess it was another story to hold on to. On Day Five, I was at a friends house when her phone rang. I knew immediately it was news about Gracie. And I was right. When I finally saw her in my hallway, I cried. “My wolf days are _ (40).” Gracie seemed to say. “Im back to being a dog”. Or so is the story I choose to believe. 31. A. luck B. reason C. good D. problem 32. A. kept B. sold C. stolen D. killed 33. A. mad B. worried C. sad D. moved 34. A. right B. strange C. reasonable D. real 35. A. ordered B. warned C. reminded D. suggested 36. A. hear B. know C. believe D. read 37. A. dog B. prize C. story D. house 38. A. looked up B. built up C. set up D. made up 39. A. card B. coin C. phone D. book 40. A. lasting B. exciting C. short D. over 语篇精讲：参考答案： 3135ADCBC 3640 CADBD 文章大意：本文作者通过讲述六年前他丢失他的小狗的经历以及心路历程，阐述了故事的力量。答案解析： 31. 通过上文“We searched the neighborhood for hours ”和转折连词“but”，可推断出他们找了很久但是没找到，have no luck没有好运气，这里指没有找到小狗 ，故选A。32. 通过下文“I would have been heartbroken.”可知作者会心碎，因此可以推断出前后存在因果关系，上文的意思应该是指如果它被杀了，故选D。33. 通过上文“If I knew she had found a better home”和下文“yet relieved (放心的)”，及结合生活常识，可知比起遭遇不幸，小狗有个好去处是一件让人放心但是仍然会因为它的离开而难过。故选C。34. 通过转折连词“but”可知前后存在转折关系，下文表达“我感觉好多了”，上文的意思应该与其相对，只有B符合语境，故选B。35. 通过下文作者回忆起以前的事情可知，这些都是听了朋友的话后想起来的，故选C。36. 通过前文“I surely have faith in: the power of story.”可知作者相信故事的力量，因此可以推断出这里指的是“那些故事会变成真的，当我们相信它们的时候。”，故选C。37. 通过下文“Gracie came into my life. When people would ask what kind of dog she was,”可推断出作者梦见他有了一只狗。故选A。38. 通过下文“because I believed Gracie was half dog, half wolf.”可知“因为我相信它一半是狗，一半是狼”，可推断出那是作者编造的，故选D。39. 通过下文“Id always thought of finding money as a good sign.”可知作者是发现了钱，故选B. coin。40. 通过前文“I believed Gracie was half dog, half wolf.”和下文“Im back to being a dog”，可推断出它作为狼的日子结束了。精讲笔记【学生在教师的指导下，回顾本讲中积累的完形填空的知识和方法】语篇中积累的词汇【至少掌握10个】单词词性及词义单词的运用（鼓励学生用所学词汇造句）realize语篇中的学到的方法 【根据具体教学情况归纳总结】【至少掌握2个】方法一：词汇复现法如：本篇文章中的39. (coin )方法二：上下文推理法方法三：逻辑推理法方法四：文化背景常识法方法五：固定搭配法能力提升基础过关一、词汇/短语翻译单词词性、词义备注1powern.1)影响力 2)权力3)力量v. _提示：The car is powered by engine.2_v.消失；不见3_v.相信；认为4_v.搜查5lostadj.1)迷路的 2)丢失的 3) _翻译：I felt so lost after my dog is lost.6_adv.耐心的7endlessly_8_n.信任；信心；信仰9_n.冒险10_v.想象翻译：她想象着走进一片森林，呼吸新鲜的空气。11_v.等待12supportv./n.1) _2) _3)支撑翻译：He has a big family to support.13reasonable_14_n. 1)次序2)命令15_v.提醒；使想起16suggestv.1)建议 2) _翻译：All the evidence suggests that he stole the money. 17lasting_18_v.警告19put up_提示：We put up advertisements.20look up1)+sb_ 2)+sth_ 3)+to sb _提示：I looked it up in the dictionary.21build up_提示:You need more exercise to build you up.22set up_提示：They set up a working party to look into the issue.23make up_提示：It was something I made up because I believed Gracie was half dog, half wolf.24give up_提示：Well never give up until the goal is reached.25deal with_26hold on to_27hold sth. together_二、句子翻译1.当我的小狗Gracie六年前失踪后，我真正学到我所相信的。_2.天黑时，我们精疲力竭地回家了。_3.如果我知道她有了一个好去处，我会伤心但是会放心些。_4.我告诉她失去Gracie就像失去对一切的信心一样。_5.正如一位作家所说，我们所拥有的一切都是故事。_完形练习（西城二模）John and Mary had a nice home and two lovely children, a boy and a girl. Once John was asked to go on a business trip and Mary needed to go along too. They found a babysitter to care for the 31 and made the trip, returning home a little earlier than they had planned.As they drove into their home town, they 32 smoke, and they went to see what it was. They found a home on fire. Mary said, Oh, well, it isnt our home. Lets go.But John drove 33 and said, The home belongs to Fred Jones who works at the factory. He wouldnt be off work yet, maybe theres something we would do. It has nothing to do with us, said Mary.But John drove up, stopped and found the whole house on fire. A woman in the street was crying, The children! 34 the children! John grabbed(抓) her by the shoulder saying, Get a hold of yourself and tell us where the children are! In the 35 , cried the woman, down the hall and to the left.Although Mary didnt agree, John wet his clothes and 36 for the bathroom which was full of smoke and heat. He found the door and grabbed two children, holding one under each arm. As he left he could hear some other sound like crying. He sent the two badly 37 and nearly suffocated(窒息) children into waiting arms. Then he was told two more children were still in there. Mary grabbed his arm and shouted, John! Dont go back! That house will fall down in any second!But he shook her off and went back by 38 his way down the smoke-filled hallway and into the room. It seemed a century had passed 39 he found both children and started back. They were coughing and he lowered his body trying to get some 40 . As he walked up the endless steps, the thought went through his mind that there was something strangely familiar about the little bodies, and at last when they came out into the sunlight and fresh air, he found that he had just saved his own children.The babysitter had left them at this home while she did some shopping.31. A. children B. pet C. garden D. business32. A. watched B. recognized C. noticed D. realized33. A. farther B. off C. back D. closer34. A. Find B. Get C. Move D. Hold35. A. bathroom B. kitchen C. bedroom D. living room36. A. looked B. cared C. headed D. reached37. A. frightened B. surprised C. sad D. sick38. A. following B. going C. pushing D. feeling39. A. after B. before C. when D. until40. A. water B. energy C. air D. light参考答案基础过关一、词汇/短语翻译单词词性、词义备注1powern.1)影响力 2)权力3)力量v. 驱动提示：The car is powered by engine.2disappearv.消失；不见3believev.相信；认为4searchv.搜查5lostadj.1)迷路的 2)丢失的 3)茫然无措的翻译：I felt so lost after my dog is lost.在我的小狗丢失以后我感到非常茫然无措。6patientlyadv.耐心的7endlesslyadv.无止境地；不断地8faithn.信任；信心；信仰9adventuren.冒险10imaginev.想象翻译：她想象着走进一片森林，呼吸新鲜的空气。She imagined walking into a forest and enjoying the fresh air.11waitv.
展开阅读全文