2019-2020年高考英语考前冲刺Ⅲ专题02 代词和数词.doc

2019-2020年高考英语考前冲刺专题02 代词和数词【高考预测】1.物主代词和反身代词的用法2.不定代词的用法3.代词that、it、one的用法4.数词和主谓一致5.历年来高考对代词的考查都是重点。试题主要反映在单项选择、完形填空以及短文改错等三个方面。尤其是it在动词之后、介词之后的虚拟用法6.反身代词在短文改错中的运用【易错点点睛】易错点点睛1 物主代词和反身代词的用法1. You will find as you read this book that you just cant keep some of these stones to . You will want to share them with a friend.A. itself B. yourself C. himself D. themselves【错误解答】 A代词。【正确解答】 B3.(There at the door stood a girl about the same height _ _.A. as me B. as mine C. with mine D. with me【错误解答】 A【错解分析】 分清宾格和所有格是关键。从语境来看，本题是考查物主代词的用法。thesame常和as连用，表示“与相同”，这里所比较的是某人的身高，所以用名词性物主代词mine.【正确解答】 B4.Susan, go and join your sister cleaning the yard. Why ? John is sitting there doing nothing. A. him B. he C. I D. me【错误解答】 C【错解分析】 尽管是指“我”，但在口语中，单独说“我”时，一般用me。【正确解答】 D5. Tom felt that he knew everybodys business than they knew it _ _.A. themselves B. oneself C. itself D. himself Iss nice if a【错误解答】 D Its nice if a man can have his own car.I want to have my very own car.4.“a(an，Some，any) +名词+ of ones own”表示“某人自己的”的意思。名词前可以用this,that,these,four,those,several,another,no,whieh等修饰，但不能用定冠词the。例如:5.反身代词的习惯用语。by oneslf =alone 独自地，亲自to oneself 暗自for oneself 为自己in oneself 本质上of onesflf 自动地，自发地be oneself 玩得愉快dress oneslf in 穿着help oneslf to 随便吃，自行取用e to oneself 苏醒make oneself at home 不要客气devote omeself to 专心于；献身于find omeself in/at发觉自己来到teach oneself 自学dress oneself 自己穿lose oneself 迷路excuse oneself 自我辩解【变式探究】Is your camera like Bills and Anns?No, but its almost the same as . A. her B. yours C. them D. their答案: D 解析:their=their cameras，用作名词性物主代词。2 Jack is one of those men who I am sure always do best even in the most make you different from .A. everyone else B. the other C. someone else D. the rest【错误解答】 C或D【错解分析】 本题看似是和别人不同，会误选C。或足比其余的人，误选D.从句意分析，应该是“和任何一个其他的人不同”，因此填everyoneelse。【正确解答】A2.(xx精选模拟) She doesnt know anyone here. 5he has got to talk to. A. anyone B. someone C. everyone D. no one【错误解答】 A【错解分析】 本题出现错误的情况是对题意的不理解。根据前文的意思，没有一个认识的人，是完全否定，你们，后一句也应该是完全否定。【正确解答】 D3.I got the story from Tom and people who had worked with him.A. every other B. many others C. some other D. other than【错误解答】 D或A【正确解答】 B5. We had three sets of garden tools and we seemed to have no use for . A. none B. either C. any D. each【错误解答】 A或D【错解分析】 一般考生认为none是完全否定，这里是三者，符合这个用法。根据题意，“似乎我们对任何一个都没有利用”，强调“任何”，所以选C。【正确解答】 C6.One weeks time has been wastea. I cant believe we did all that work for _ .A. something B. nothing C. everything D. anything【错误解答】 A或D【错解分析】 前者说:一周的时间已被浪费掉了。后者说:我无法相信我们所做的一切毫无结果什么都没换来。句中的for有“替挟、兑挟”之意。一周内干了许多工作，却劳而无功，所以才白白浪费了一周时间，没有换来任何成果。【正确解答】 B【特别提醒】易混不定代词的用法区别: 1.some和any二者都可用作名词(作主语或宾语)，也可用作形容词(作定语)来修饰可数名词或不可数名词。(1)some一般用于肯定句中。当some用于单数可数名词前时，表示”某一(个)”，与数字连用则表示“大概，大约”的意思，用于疑问句时，表示说话人希望得到肯定的回答，或表示请求，建议。例如: Ive read the story in some book. (某一本) Some girl. is waiting for you at the school gate.(某个) The country has exported some two million bikes this year. ( 大约 ) May I have some water? (表示请求) Would you like some apples? (邀请) (2)any多用于疑问句，否定句和条件句中。在肯定句中，any表示“任何的”，修饰单数可数名词。也可用作状语，表示程度。例如: both两者都，all三者或三者以上，全体；在句中可作主语、宾语、定语和同位语。 (1)all除了指人，作主语时，谓语动词用复数；还可指物，表示“所有，一切”，作主语时，谓语动词用单数，也可用来修饰不可数名词。例如: All but one are present.(作主语，指人，谓语动词用复数)All is over with him.(作主语，指物，谓语动词用单数) I have forgotten all about it(作宾语) All hope has gone.(修饰不可数名词) They all agree to stay here.(作同位语) 3.much和many 两个词都有“许多”的意思，much表示或修饰不可数名词，many表示或修饰可数名词。在口语中，much或many多用于疑问句或否定句，在肯定句中常用a lot of，lots Of，plenty of，a large quantity of，quantities of代替。much还可以用a great deal of代替，many可以用a(1arge)number of代替。 (1)much可用作副词，作状语，表程度。be not much意为“不怎么样”，much还可与too连用，构成“too much+不可数名词”短语，意为“太多的”或“much too+形容词或副词”短语，意为“太“非常”，是副词词组，修饰形、副词，但不修饰动词。例如:The city is much larger than that one.Ive visited the country and it is not much.There is too much noise in the classroom单数名词”，“every +序数词 + 单数名词”，例如:Every one has strong and weak points.Every student has told a story.every three weeks 每隔三个星期，每隔两个星期every other week = every second week 每隔一星期every few weeks(不能说evesry a few weeks)每隔几个星期 6.either 和neither either指“两个人或物中的任何一个”，表示肯定意义，neither指“两个人或物一个也不”，表示否定意义。这两个词作主语时，谓语动词要用单数。 either可放在否定句的句尾，表示”也”。例如: I dont know either.我也不知道。either可用作连词，“或者，要么”的意思，一般与。or连用，构成“either. or”短语，意为“不是就是”，“或者或者”。当这一短语连接两个名词或代词作主语时，谓语动词在人称和数上要同最近的主语保持一致，如: Either he or I am to blame.Is either he or you going to the cinema?Are either you or he going to the cinema? either修饰名词时，前面不用物主代词，指示代词或定冠词，可以说:“either pen”，但不能说“the either pen或either my pen” either用作代词时，可以单独使用，也可和of连用，of后接复数名词，名词前要用一个物主代词，指示代词或定冠词，如: He doesnt like either of the two places. 当either of作主语时，动词一般用单数形式，但在否定句和疑问句中，动词也常None of books are (is) interesting. 注意: none but+复数名词作主语时，谓语动词要用复数，例如: None but wolves walk like that.除非狼才会那么走。 none和noone的区别:none回答以howmanymuch引导的特殊疑问句或“any of + 限定词 + 名词”或表一定范围的一般疑问句，no one回答以who引导的特殊疑问句及含有anybody或无限定范围的一般问句，简言之， none表示数量，no one表示没有人，例如: How many students are there in the classroom now?None.How any of you ever been to the Great Wall?None.Who can answer the question?No one.8.other,another,others,any other,the other的用法。 (1)other表示泛指，意为“另外的，其他的”。常与复数名词或不可数名词连用。如果其前有 the，this，some，any，each，every，no以及形容词性物主代词时，其后就可接单数名词。例如: I have no other place to go.(2)another常用于指三者或三者以上中的“另外一个”，泛指单数。可以单独使用，也可以接名词。如果其后接复数名词，则表示“又，再，还”。例如: This cap is too small for me. Show me another (one). We need another three assistants in our pany. (3)others是other的复数形式，表示泛指，意为“别的人或物”，但不指全部。特指时在其前加定冠词；前面可加任何限定词以及数量词。例如:He has more concern for others than for himself.(4)any other表示一个之外的其他任何一个，百不是两个之中的另一个。例如: China is larger than any other country in Asia.(5)the other，表示两者中的另外一个。可以单独使用，以可接单数名词。例如: No agreement was reached in the discussion as neither side would give away to the other.【变式探究】1 Do you want fish or chicken?_. I dont really mind. A. Both B. None C. Either D. Neither 答案: C解析:根据句意“不介意”，那么无论什么都可以了。If you want to change for a double room youll have to pay _ 30 dollars. A. another B. other C. more D. each 答案: A解析:another接数词表示“再一”，more的位置在数词前。One of the side of the board should be painted yellow, and_ .A. the other is white B. another white C. the other white D. another is white 答案: C解析:木板只有两面，另一面是特指。4 Sarah has read lots of stories by American writers. Now she would like to read _ stories by writers from countries. A. some; any B. other; some C. some; other D. other; other答案: C解析:意思是想阅读“一些”“其他国家的”作家的小说。5 Are the new rules working?Yes. books are stolen. A. Few B. More C. Some D. None答案: A解析:根据语境，“几乎没有”。易错点点睛3 代词出at、it、one的用法1.(xx精选模拟) Im moving to the country because the air there is much fresher than _ in the city. A. ones B. one C. that D. those【错误解答】 B3. I like in the autumn when the weather is clear and bright. A. this B. that C. it D. one【错误解答】 B或D【错解分析】 本题中like是及物动词，需要宾语。此处it指模糊的情形或环境，没有具体的指代，是虚词。其余的选项都是错误的。再如典型例题套中的一题:I like _ here?Oh, yes. The air, the weather, the way of life. Everything is so nice! A. this B. these C. it D. that【正确解答】 C4.(Few pleasures can equal of a cool drink on a hot day. A. some B. any C. that D. those【错误解答】 D【错解分析】 如果把它动作是few Pleasures，就会误选 D项了。根据句意“很少有在热天喝杯冷饮那种快乐”，很明显，这是替代特定的被限定的事物，即:the pleasure of a cool drink，只有that才能表达特定意义。【正确解答】 C5. Cars do cause as some health problems _ in fact for more serious than mobile phones do. A. one B. ones C. it D. those【错误解答】 D【错解分析】 这里ones用来替代前文的problems，由于有修饰语serious，故不能和those.【正确解答】 B【特别提醒】1.代词it,they与替代词one,ones,the one,the ones,that,those 的用法区别:(1)it指代前面提到过的事物，they是它的复数形式。(2)one替代单数名词，表示不特定的名词，也就是指泛指，ones是它的复数形式。There is only one puter of the type in the shop, so I want to buy it for my daughter. (句 1)2.代词it的主要用法 用作人称代词，指代前文提到过的事物。例如: This is not my book. It is Marys.用来代替指示代词出，this或that。例如: Whats this? Its a dictionary.Whose jacket is that? It is hers.在性别不清楚时用来指人。例如: Whos knocking at the door? Its me.(4):指时间；距离、天气、环境等。例如:Whats the time now? Its ten past twenty. Its getting warmer and wanner. Its about ten miles ride from my home to the town.(5)指代整个句子的内容；例如:Our team won the football match .Have you heard about it?(6)用于某些习惯用语中作宾语，对这些习惯用语只能从整体上来理解；例如: I hate it when people speak with their mouths full. Well foot it. As it is, we can hardly get to the station by 7oclock.【变式探究】1 oung people may grow quickly in some ways and more slowly in .A. the other B. some other C. others D. those others答案: C解析:在其他方面。2 I intended to pare notes with a friend, but unfortu nately _couldnt spare me even one minute.A. they B. one C. who D. it答案: A易错点点睛4 数词和主谓一致1.(xx精选模拟) He did it _ it took me.A. one - third a time B. one - third time C. the one - third time D. one - third the time【错误解答】 A或C【错解分析】 分数和百分数后面不能直接跟名词或代词，而应该是“分数或百分数+of+冠词或限定词+名词或代词”，其谓语动词与of后面的名词或代词在人称和数上保持一致。本题time后接定语从句，前面要加定冠词the.表示“三分之一的时间”为onethird thetime.【正确解答】 D2.As a result of destroying the forests, a large of the desert covered the land.A. number; has B. quantity; has C. number; have D. quantity; have【错误解答】 CA. is washing away B. is being washed away C. are washing away D. are being washed away【错误解答】 A【错解分析】 本题考查语态和主谓一致。此句主语是一复数形式hugequantities，所以谓语应用相应的复数形式。【正确解答】 D【特别提醒】1.数词使用的注意事项 (1)hundred,thousand,million,billion,score,dozen前有数词，后接of连接名词时，表示不具体的量，加复数。例如:five hundred peopletwo score applestens of thousands ofmillions of(2)表示“几十”的数词的复数形式前用形容词性物主代词形式时，表示“(某人)在几十岁”；用定冠词the修饰则表示年代。例如:in his early thirties 在他二十几岁时in the 1990s (1990s)二十世纪九十年代(3)序数词在句中作定语时，一般在序数词前加定冠词the；有时加不定冠词a(n)，表示“又一”，“再一”的意思，相当于another。例如:Monday is the second dqy of a week .Would you like a second cup of tea?(4)固定短语one at a time 一次一个地one by one 一个一个地by the dozen以打计by the hundred以百计in tens十个十个地one in (out of)ten 十个中的一个World War Two/the Second World War第二次世界大战2.主谓语一致基本用法所遵循的三个原则【变式探究】1 The writer of the novel is a professor in his .A. thirty B. thirtieth C. thirtys D. thirties答案: D解析:表示“在某人的几十岁的时候”用整十数的 复数形式。2 Not only I but also Jane and Mary _ fired of having one examination after another.A. is B. are C. am D. be答案: B1.I will chance _ whether it is possible or not. A. it B. that C. this D. one【解析】 英语中it常置于些动词或介词之后，在句右充当形式主语，但没有具体意义，构成习惯用法。这样的动词常见的有:make it规定时间；办成、做到。例如:You cant make it to the other shore in such a bad weather.forget it 没关系、算了吧。例如:How much do I owe you?Forget it! Dont bother to pay me backfoot it 步行去。例如We had to foot it in the rain.watch it 当心。例如:Its raining hard, watch your steps, or youll fall over.Thank you. Ill watch it.go it赶快干。例如:Go it, otherwise, we cant finish it before dark. 本题chance it 是“碰碰运气”的意思。【答案】 A难点2 反身代词在短文改错听运用2.改错Dear Tom,Im glad to hear that you are ing soon. I had just 1. read an ad for house sale, which you might be interesting in. 2. Im writing yourself about what it says. 3. 【解析】 反身代词在短文改错中或是人称代词错用作反身代词，或是反身代词错用作2 Youll catch if you do like this.A. this B. that C. one D. it答案: D解析:catch it受到惩罚”。【典型习题导练】 I.单项选择1 You asked us to send you our price and catalogue for the season. Im sure you will find plenty to interest you in . A. it B. this C. one D. those答案: A4 Why didnt you have dinner out in a restaurant last night?We couldnt because of us money in hand.A. all; didnt have B. none; had any C. everyone; had to D. nobody; had any答案: B7 Where can we have supper tonight? Oh, if you dont mind, we can do it at _ of the restaurants. A. all B. every C. any D. each答案: C 解析:“任何一家都可以”。 88 I saw no more than one motor - car in that shop. Will you go and buy No, Id rather find _ in other shops.A. one; one B. it; it C. one; it D. it; one答案: D解析:no more than one表示“只有一部车”。9 Which side can I sit on the boat? If you sit still, you can sit on _ .A. neither side B. every side C. both side D. either side答案: D解析:两边中的任何一边。10 Now that the new disks have been bought,_ _ will you do with these old ?A. how; ones B. what; those C. how; those D. what; ones答案: D解析:替代词有前置修饰语时，不可用those。11 Youre always working. e on, lets go shopping. you ever want to do is going shopping.A. Anything B. Something C.All D. That答案: C解析:“你任何时候想干的(一切)只是买东西”。12 The articles made of leather cost much more than _ those of plastic.A. that B. those C. it D. ones答案: B15 _ _ friends Betty had made there _ _ all invited to her birthday party.A. A few; was B. The few; were C. Few; were D. Few of; was答案: B解析:前面特指，friends是复数，所以谓语动词也 用复数。16 Is that a book on farming? If so, I want to buy _ .A. this B. one C. it D. those答案: C解析:前文中的that是关键词。17 The club has _ meeting, held every other Wednesday.A. a weekly B. an annual C. monthly D. a fortnightly答案: A解析:由every other Wednesday可推断。 18 The party last month really gave me a lot of fun. So Mr.James, can we have _ this month?A. another B. one C. it D. other答案: A18.A 解析:“再来一场”，也就是“另外一场”。19 Mr. Johnson enjoyed again by working in the factory because he always hates _ while staying alone at home all day long.A. him; that B. it; it C. himself; it D. himself; that答案: C 解析:前者构成短语enjoy oneself； it指代前文的动作。20 It is rare in _ that people in _ fifties are going to university for further education.A. 90s; the B. the 90s; / C. 90s; their D. the 90s; their所以不和a连用。23 Is there anyone who is going to the Great Wall? _.A. None B. No one C. No D. Not any答案: A解析:none表示数量，no one表示没有人。24 Who is making so much noise in the garden? the children.A. It is B. They are C. That is D. There are答案: A解析:强调句型的省略。25 Which of the fashionable dresses do you like best? _ _ They are both expensive and of little use.A. None B. Nothing C. Neither D. Either答案: D26 If a student can make what has been learned , whether in class or from social practice, he will make steady progress.A. his own B. him C. himself D. his29 When shall we meet again?Make it _ day you like it; its all the sameto me. A. one B. any C. another D. some答案: B解析:后文说“对我都一样”，所以是“任何一天都可以”。30 E-mail, as well as telephones, an important part in daily munication. A. is playing B. have played C. are playing D. play答案: A解析:主语是单数E-mail.31 If you can dream , you can do _ .A. one; it B. it; one C. one; one D. it; it33 WheAn you are reading fast, your eyes will be one or two word groups ahead of _ your mind is taking in.A. one B. the others C. the one D. others答案: C36 This machine is no better than that one.You are right. Evidently we have to buy _A. this one B. that one C. neither D. both答案: C解析:句意为“一个都不买”，两者的全部否定。37 I dont like this pair of gloves. Will you show me ?A. another B. the others C. some others D. other ones答案: A38 Excuse me, I want to have my watch fixed, but Icant find a repair shop. I know _ nearby. e on, I 11 show you.A. one B. it C. some D. that答案: A39 Jack is one of those men who I am sure always do best even in the most difficult 42 If we keep on polluting the environment, the white plastic rubbish will be the last thing to tell other creature that “ once an earth.”A. there was B. there is C. it is D. it was答案: A解析:表示过去曾有过。43 The man has lived in the small town for 20years. So he knows who is _ _ there.A. somebody; no body B. everybody; anybody C. nobody; everybody D. anybody; everybody答案: B44 It was during the 1920s that the friendship between the two American writers Hemingway and Fitzgerald reached _ highest point.A. their B. its C. his D. our答案: B解析:指代前文的friendship。45 Nowadays everything strange is strange. That is to say, any unexpected thing is possible to happen. A. something B. anything C. nothing D. everything答案: C48 The trainer praised me, for what I did was better than of the top player on the team.A. any B. each C. that D. those答案: C解析:指代前面的不可数的事情。49 Thank you for your help. . Good luck.A. Sometimes B. Sometime C. Anytime D. Every time答案: C解析:意为“随时都乐意帮助你”。50 Im, just as is sung in a song, . I live on my own.A. someone B. somebody C. anybody D. nobody答案: C解析:nobody用作名词，意思是“不重要的人，小人物”。51 The secretary wrote _ note to the pany manager. I guess she forgot writing one.A. the other B. one C. one more D. another one答案: C解析:从后文看是忘记写过了。52 there is a tree on either side of the road.A. Every few meters B. Every few meter C. Every a few meters D. Every a few meter答案: A53 You have no difficulty finding the answer to the question? .A. None at all B. Not at all C. No problem D. No one答案: A54 How do you find the football match?Wonderful, I think. Just as fine as _ of the matches weve seen.A. one B. another C. some D. any答案: D55 Even if they are on sale, these refrigerators are equal in price to, if not more expensive than,_ at the other shop.A. the others B. that C. the ones D. anyone答案: C解析:指代前文的refrigerators。II.完形填空阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从5676各题所给的四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。help me. We had to work at top speed 70 buckets of water from the kitchen to 71 the fire, fanned by the wind from the windows, 72 . We were unable to 73 out the fire , but we managed to 74 it under co