2019-2020年高考英语一轮 短文改错、书面表达训练（14）.doc

2019-2020年高考英语一轮 短文改错、书面表达训练（14）专题复习- 短文改错 一短文改错的主要特点1内容大都是学生身边或社会生活中常见的话题。以记叙文为主，有时也有说明文或应用文。2内容相对独立、完整。命题的总原则是整篇理解、分行解题。3语言简单易懂，没有生僻的词汇或繁难的句法结构；短文的词数为120左右。4考查要点覆盖面广, 分布合理。涉及词法、句法、行文逻辑等三个方面。二短文改错的常见类型纵观近几年高考题中的短文改错, 不难看出,其错误形式基本上为：错词占6行左右; 正确占1 行; 多词和缺词一般占3 行左右。错误类型主要涉及动词、名词、形容词、副词、冠词、代词、介词、连词、主谓一致、固定结构等语法知识。其中, 动词时态、语态、非谓语动词等是考查重点。*结束高考英语书面表达要求学生通过审查文字提示、图画、表格等后进行有一定控制性的写作。学生在这种题型上常犯的错误之一就是：遗漏要点。难点磁场6月9日，星期天，你和朋友本来约好去看球赛，但未看成。请你根据下列六幅图画写一篇日记。注意：（1）日记必须包括所有图画内容，可以适当增减细节，使日记连贯；（2）词数100左右。（3）开头已给出。June 9,SundayFineIt is Sudnay today.案例探究10月23日（星期五）中午在你上学途中发生了一件事情。请根据下列图画用英语写一篇日记。注意：（1）日记须包括所有图画的内容，可适当增减细节，使日记连贯。（2）词数100左右。命题意图：本题考查学生的读图能力和运用逻辑讲述故事、传达主旨的能力。错解分析：（1）人称、时态运用不准确；（2）主要内容遗漏。解题技巧与方法：（1）细读文字说明部分，弄清人称、时间、事件背景；（2）仔细观察每一幅图，确定文章中心，确定内容要点：a.听见喊救命，下水救女孩 b.好心人相助 c.送女孩去医院 d.上课迟到 e.感谢信 f.受表扬；（3）依据要点写出提纲，然后拓展成文；（4）检查要点、格式、人称、时态、动词变化形式、标点符号等。参考答案：October 23rd FridayFineOn my way to school at noon I heard loud shouts from the lake.I found a girl struggling in the water.I quickly jumped into the lake,swam towards the drowning girl and carried her to the bank.A kind woman also came to help.We immediately sent the girl to the nearest hospital.When I hurried to school,I was late for class.However,I didnt explain to my teacher what had happened.But to my surprise,a letter of thanks to me was put up on the bulletin board in our school in the afternoon.So my teacher and classmates knew the whole thing and they praised me a lot.I felt a little shy but proud.*结束Passage *Its easy to go downhill than to climb uphill：so its 1_easier to fall into bad habits than into good one 2_Bad habits dont e suddenlyIt e little by 3_littleSchoolboys first picks up a little in school and on 4_the streetsWhen they cannot write their homework， they 5_copy from their schoolmateIf they see bigger boys 6_smoking， they also want learn to smokeWhen they 7_get bigger， the habits bee stronger or 8_stronger， so that they can not longer get rid of 9_themWhat necessary it is that we get rid of the bad 10_habits in the beginning！【参考答案】Key 111Easy-easier 2(one)-ones 3It-They 4picks-pick 5right 6Schoolmate-schoolmates 7to learn 8or-and 9.not-no 10What-How*结束*结束图表式书面表达思路与技巧 图表式书面表达是常见的一种写作形式,现笔者结合下面一则实例,谈谈怎样写好这类书面表达。根据以下表格内容,请以HowtoReducethePresentCityPopulation为题,用英语为杂志社写一篇短文,阐述你对这一问题的见解。建议I具体措施:A.晚婚B.一对夫妇,一个孩子目的:减少人口自然增长(人口出生率)建议II具体措施:严格控制外地人进城务工经商目的:减少外地人口对城市的压力建议III具体措施:A.在郊区,建造生活、商业、文教、卫生、娱乐、休闲生活小区B.在城外建造卫星城目的:吸引城市居民到郊区和卫星城工作和生活注意:1)词数:100左右。2)参考词汇:严格控制haveatightcontrol,卫星城satellitetown一、认真审题,准确把握提示要求。1.审体裁。准确把握体裁是写好一篇文章关键的一步。体裁的形式直接决定着考生用英语表达信息的途径和形式,并影响着书面表述语句的正确性和准确性。2.审人称。根据体裁要求,要准确把握人称的使用。是用第一、二人称,还是用第三人称。3.审时态。不同的体裁,其动词时态的使用也各有不同。一般情况下,故事、日记等体裁常以一般过去时为主要动词时态;书信、便条、通知等体裁常以一般现在时为主要动词时态。分析以上实例,应以第一人称的口吻进行描写。从题目要求、表内要点以及体裁可知,本文时态应以一般现在时为主体时态。二、理清表内要点,进行合理发挥。图表式书面表达其主要内容常被列在表内。考生首先必须理清表内内容要点,抓住主要信息进行描写。可先把表内所提供的内容要点用英语列出,尽量使用一些较高层次的词汇或短语以及所学过的句法结构(如定语从句、分词结构等)进行描述。例如上述实例图表中的内容可用英语列出以下几个短语或句式:(1)practiceapolicyofLateMarriageandOneCouple,OneChild(2)reducethebirthrate(3)haveatightcontrolovercountrypeopleenteringcitiestodovariousphysicaljobs(4)lightenthepressureonthecitycausedbytheincreasingpopulation(5)buildapartmentblockswithshoppingcenters,schools,hospitals,aswellascinemasandtheatersaroundusorevenbuildsatellitetownsinthecitysuburbsorthecountiesroundthecities(6)encouragecitycitizenstomovetheretoliveandwork三、正确使用过渡性词语,提高文章的连贯性。过渡性词语的使用是语言的连贯性得以实现的最常用手段。在句子与句子之间,段落与段落之间恰当地使用一些承上启下的过渡性词语是非常必要的。例如上述实例,我们可在要点(1)前插入表示时间顺序的过渡词语first/firstly,在要点(3)前插入secondly,在要点(5)前插入finally。在要点(6)前可以插入表示终结关系的过渡短语inthisway/bythismeans。现将中学课本中应掌握的过渡词语总结如下:1.表示起始关系的有:firstofall,accordingto,sofar,asfaras,tobeginwith,inmyopinion等。2.表示时间顺序的有:first,then,later,intheend,finally,atlast,afterthat,sincethen,immediately,suddenly,soon等。3.表示空间顺序的有:ontheright/left,ononesideof,atthetop/foot/endof,inthemiddleof,infrontof,atthebackof等。4.表示并列关系的有:and,or,also,too,aswellas,neither.nor,notonly.butalso,either.or,not.but等。5.表示转折关系的有:but,yet,however,while,onthecontrary等。6.表示因果关系的有:because,since,as,for,thanksto,thus,therefore,asaresult(of),onereasonisthat.anotherreasonisthat.等。7.表示条件关系的有:if,unless,as(so)longas,onconditionthat等。8.表示让步关系的有:although,though,evenif,inspiteof,afterall,infact,what(who,when,where,how.)ever等。9.表示递进关系的有:whatsmore,furthermore,besides,whatsworse,tomakethematterworse,also,still,ontheonehand.ontheotherhand等。10.表示列举事实的过渡性词语有:forexample/instance,suchas,take.forexample,asfollows,andsoon等。11.表示总结性的有:inshort,inbrief,inaword,onthewhole等。12.表示过渡性的插入语有:Ithink(believe,suppose,imagine,guess.),Imafraid,youknow,asisknowntousall,asweallknow等。根据以上图表式书面表达题写作思路,上述实例可整理成文如下:HowtoReducethePresentCityPopulationOurmoderncityiscrowded,andtosolvetheproblem,threeproposalsareputforward.MostofthepeoplethinkthatweshouldfirstpracticethepolicyofLatemarriageandOneCouple,OneChildinordertoreducethebirthrate.Secondly,thecitygovernmentsmusthaveatightcontrolovercountrypeopleenteringcitiestodovariousphysicaljobssoastolightenthepressureonthecitycausedbytheincreasingpopulation.Finally,moreandmorepeoplesuggestthatweshouldbuildapartmentsubdivisionswithshoppingcenters,schools,hospitals,aswellascinemasandtheatersaroundthemorevenbuildsatellitetownsaroundthecities.Inthisway,citycitizenswillbeencouragedtomovetheretoliveandwork.Ifthesethreeproposalsarewellcarriedout,thepopulationwillbegreatlyreduced。*结束高考英语作文精选范文（看图作文类）8. 假如你叫王平，根据图表提示，给你的加拿大网友Smith 写一封信，介绍你的寒假生活（共20天），可根据自己的实际情况添加细节。注意：1词数：100左右； 2开头已经给出，不计入总词数。Dear Smith,How are you? How time flies! Now the winter vacation was over and I have e back to school again.We had 20 days in all for the holiday, during which we had the most important Chinese Festivalthe Spring Festival. It took me nearly a week to visit my relatives and attend family parties, as it is a traditional custom in China. Of course, I spent most of the time doing my lessons. As you know, I will take the National Examinations in June and its only a few months away. Every day I did some English reading, practiced writing positions, worked out a number of science problems and so on. When I got tired, I would do something to relax myself, like playing basketball with my friends, listening to music, surfing the Internet, playing games, and everything that helped to recover my energy.In a word, I had a full, busy and wonderful holiday. How about you? Im looking forward to hearing from you soon.Yours,Wang Ping*结束高考英语作文精选范文（看图作文类）9根据下列图示以 “The New Grading System in Our School”为题为你校英语报写一篇短文,说明这一举措以及你对学校实施这一举措的认识.要求: 1.词数 100左右, 已给出部分不包括在内.生词: 评分体制grading system 参与participation（n.） tests class participation notes team work homeworkThe New grading system in Our SchoolIn order to help students develop their abilities in all fields, our school now has asked the teachers to make some changes in the grading system. This chart shows how it works.The students final score will be made up of 5 parts. About 30% of it will e from their test results. The rest of the score is decided by the performances of the students in the following parts: 20% es from your notes, and another 20% is decided by how you do your homework. If you take an active part in classroom activities, you can get another 20% of the score. Teamwork in class is also important. If you want a higher score, you should be good at working together with your classmates.In my opinion, our school has made a good decision. This new grading system will certainly help to improve ourselves on all sides.*结束Smoking which is a widespread habit even among school children.76. The number of young smokers are increasing. It is reported that77. over two-fifth of the students in a certain school smoke, and78. some of whom even steal money to buy cigarettes. This is terrible. 79. As we all know, smoking is harmful to our health. So its80. even harmful to middle school students for it does great harm not81. only to their health but also for their mind. Middle school students82. are future builders of the country. They should spend their time83. learning useful knowledges. So its really time that these young84. smokers made up their minds give up smoking. 85. 【参考答案】(五)76去掉which 77.are is 78. two- fifth two-fifths 79. whom them 80.So But 81. harmful more 82.for to83. 84.knowledges knowledge 85. minds to*结束(6)(25 min.)(xx师大附中一模)假设你是李华，下图是你对本校学生兴趣爱好的调查结果。请写一篇英文报告给学校，说明调查结果，并谈谈你的看法。注意：1. 文章内容不少于120词。 2. 标题和开头已给出，不计入总词数。3. 提示词： 饼状图 pie chart 百分比 percentageA Survey of Students Hobbies and InterestsDear Sir，Ive conducted a survey recently, which shows what the students of our school like to do in their spare time._参考范文One possible version：A Survey of Students Hobbies and InterestsDear Sir，I ve conducted a survey recently , which shows what the students of our school like to do in their spare time. As the pie chart reveals, we can see 34% of the students like surfing the Internet. The rest popular activities for students are dancing and singing, doing sports and reading, which is 22%, 20% and 18% respectively. The percentages of the three are close to each other. Besides these, a few students, about 6 percent of them, are fond of doing other things, such as collecting stamps, travelling, handwriting, and so on.From my point of view, high school students should have more healthy and instructive hobbies and interests. As surfing the Internet keeps us informed of the latest news and current affairs in the world，sometimes necessary guidance on surfing the Internet should be given to students and ways must be found to arouse students interests in reading, because reading is invariably the most efficient way to gain knowledge.*结束