非谓语动词课件-朱月-同济大学.ppt

非谓语动词 不定式to V 现在分词doing 过去分词V ed byJulie朱月 1 非谓语动词作状语2 非谓语动词作定语 非谓语动词作状语1 作状语的判断2 五大经典原则3 解题四大步骤4 连词之后加分词5 独立主格结构 1 作状语的判断Examples Q Givenonemorechance Iwouldliketotellthegirl Iloveyou 条件状语A 周星驰 Q Toprovehissaying geniusisonepercentinspirationandninety ninepercentperspiration heworkedhardandhewassuccessfulatlast 目的状语A Edison Q Havingbeeninlovewithherformanyyears ZhangJieismarriedwithher 原因状语A 谢娜 Q IthappenedonMay12th2008 killingthousandsofpeople anevent 伴随状语A theEarthquakeinSichuan 1 不定式做状语 只表示目的 结果或原因 Hehurriedhomeonlytofindhismoneystolen 结果状语 Tomakehimselfheard heraisedhisvoice 目的状语 Allofusaresurprisedtoseehisrapidprogress 原因状语 不定式短语放在句首多作目的状语 在句末多作原因状语 结果状语 2 现在分词与不定式作结果状语时的区别1 Europeanfootballisplayedin80countries itthemostpopularsportintheworld A makingB makesC makeD tomake2 Hehurriedtothestationonly thatthetrainhadleft A tofindB findingC foundD tohavefound现在分词作结果状语往往表示 正常出现的 自然而然的或意料之中 的结果 不定式作结果状语时通常表示 偶然的 出乎意料的 一种结果 Dfullpreparations wedecidedtoputoffthemeetingtillnextweek A NottomakeB NothavingbeenmadeC MakingD Nothavingmade 没准备好 没准备好 我们 决定延期 主动 practice分词作状语 1 When heat waterwillbechangedintovapor While heat water wecanchangeitintovapor 2 see fromthehill thecitylooksbeautiful see fromthehill youwillfindthecitybeautiful 3 Generallyspeaking when take accordingtothedirections thedrughasnosideeffect If take thedrugaccordingtothedirections youwillbebettersoon heated heating Seen Seeing taken taking 2 六大经典原则原则一 非谓语动词作状语时 其逻辑主语原则上应与主句主语保持一致1 Standingontopofthetallbuilding wecouldseethewholecity Standing Whenwestood 2 Whilewatchingtelevision 2005年全国卷 A thedoorbellrangB thedoorbelltingsC weheardthedoorbellringD weheardthedoorbellrings 1 Mum whydoyoualwaysmakemeeataneggeveryday enoughproteinandnutritionasyouaregrowingup A GetB GettingC TogetD Tobegetting2 Inordertomakeourcitygreen A itisnecessarytohaveplantedmoretreesB manymoretreesneedtoplantC ourcityneedsmoretreesD wemustplantmoretrees Trueorfalse1 Beinganorphan thenursetreatedhimkindly 2 Hebeinganorphan thenursetreatedhimkindly 3 Ashewasanorphan thenursetreatedhimkindly T F T 原则二 作目的状语 原则上用不定式Shegotupveryearlytocatchupthefirstbus 3 Whenaskedwhyhewentthere hesaidhewassentthere foraspaceflight 07江西卷 A trainingB beingtrainedC tohavetrainedD tobetrained 原则三 作结果状语 可用 ing表结果在意料之中 用不定式作结果状语表结果在意料之外Hehurriedtothestation only thatthetrainhadleft 05广东卷 A tofindB findingC foundD tohavefoundHewasbusywritingastory onlyonceinawhiletosmokeacigarette 08辽宁 A tostopB stoppingC tohavestoppedD havingstopped还少一个ing表结果在意料之中的例句 原则四 有被动意义时 原则上用过去分词 done 如动作尚未发生 则用不定式的被动 tobedone 如动作正在进行 则用 ing的被动 beingdone Whenshecamein shewassurprisedtofindastranger atthebackoftheclassroomwithhiseyes uponherA seating fixingB toseat fixingC havingseated fixedD seated fixedseatvt Iseatedmyself sitting Iwasseated Isatdown 原则五 强调动作发生在主句位于动作之前 原则上用完成式 据情况可用不定时的完成式或 ing的完成式 3 解题四大步骤分析句子结构 辨别 谓语与非谓语 Shegotoffthebus butleftherhandbagonherseat Shegotoffthebus leavingherhandbagonherseat 找逻辑主语Wesatonthehighhillock listeningtotheoldstory Havingbeendumpedbyhisgf hedatedwithanothergirl Lookingfromthehill you llfindthecitylookslikeanant Admittingwhatyousay Istillthinkyouarewrong 一般来说 作状语的非谓语动词的逻辑主语是句子的主语 1 everythingintoconsideration theyoughttohaveanotherchance 2 Everything intoconsideration theyoughttohaveanotherchance A totakeB takingC TobetakenD taken B D 分析语态确定逻辑主语之后 分析非谓语动词和逻辑主语在搭配使用上式主动还是被动关系 1 Youcan tcatchme Janeshouted away A runB runningC torunD ran2 inthemountainsforaweek thetwostudentswerefinallysavedbylocalpolice A HavinglostB LostC BeinglostD Losing B D 分析时态1 manytimes hestillrepeatedthesamemistakes 2 tofinishtheworkintwohours thestudentsarebusyinworking 3 hisstudentstofinishthepaper theteacherwalkedoutoftheclassroom A HavingbeentoldB TobetoldC HavingtoldD Told A D C 解题步骤方法总结 辨别 谓语与非谓语 找逻辑主语分析语态分析时态 4 连词之后加分词分词短语常常可以用在某些连词如since when while whenever nomatterhow once until等之后 看作是状语从句中的省略现象 1 Nomatterhowfrequently theworksofBeethovenwillstillattractpeopleallovertheworld A performedB performingC tobeperformedD beingperforming2 When differentcultures weoftenpayattentiononlytothedifferenceswithoutnoticingthemanysimilarities A comparedB beingcomparedC comparingD havingcompared A 注意点 1 不定式在表语形容词后作状语 用主动形式表被动意义 Thisquestionisdifficult answer Doyouthinkhimeasy work with Wefindthisrulehard remember 2 有些分词已经转变为独立成分 含有 泛指 意义 在句中常作插入语 如 generallyspeaking judgingfrom talkingof supposingthat considering comparedto given Giventheirinexperience theyhavedoneagoodjob 注意点 独立主格结构 名词 代词 分词独立主格结构在句中作状语 相当于状语从句 1 Weatherpermitting we llgooutingtomorrow 2 Therebeingnointerestingprograms heturnedofftheTVset 3 Allthingsconsidered theplanshouldbeputoff 4 Herushedintotheroom hisfacecoveredwithsweat 独立主格结构 Astherewasnobody hehadtogoalone There nobody hehadtogoalone Iftimepermits Iwillgotoseeyou Time Iwillgotoseeyou Astheworkedhadbeenfinished hewenttobed Thework hewenttobed 当存在不同主语时 可以用V ing形式的独立主格结构 being permitting finished 1 Europeanfootballisplayedin80countries itthemostpopularsportintheworld NMET1998 A makingB makesC makeD tomake2 Hehurriedtothestationonly thatthetrainhadleft 2005广东 A tofindB findingC foundD tohavefound3 thegeneralstateofhishealth itmaytakehimawhiletorecoverfromtheoperation A GivenB TogiveC GivingD Havinggiven4 HesentmeanE mail togetfurtherinformation A hopedB hopingC tohopeD hope 5 Theresearchissodesignedthatonce nothingcanbedonetochangeit A beginsB havingbegunC beginningD begun6 When themuseumwillbeopentothepublicnextyear A completedC completingC beingcompletedD tobecompleted7 Thekey shewentthroughherhandbagcarefully A hadn tbeenfoundB havingnotbeenfoundC nothavingbeenfoundD wasn tfound C 8 IsBobstillperforming I mafraidnot Heissaid thestagealreadyashehasbecomeanofficial A tohaveleftB tohaveC tohavebeenleftD tobeleft9 Aidsissaid thebiggesthealthchallengetobothmenandwomeninthatareaoverthepastfewyears 2006湖北 A thatitisB tobeC thatithasbeenD tohavebeen ItissaidthatAidshavebeenthebiggesthealthchallengetobothmenandwomenin A D 10 Thefluisbelieved byvirusesthatliketoproduceinthecellsinsidehumannoseandthroat A causingB beingcausedC tobecausedD tohavecaused11 Youmustmakeeveryefforttofindtheperson thecar A whodamagedB damagingC damagedD thatdamaging C A 1 不定式作主语不定式作主语时 可以直接放在谓语动词之前Toseeistobelieve Nottogetthereintimeisyourfault Ittakesusanhour getthere It sourduty helpthepoor Itisanenjoymenttospendourholidayinthemountains 句型1 it 谓语 todo 句型2 it s n todo Itissillyofyounottotakemyadvice Itisverykindofyoutodomeafavor youareverykindtodomeafavor ItisnecessaryforustolearnEnglishwell Itiseasyformetofinishthisworkbeforenine itis adj forsb todo 形容事物的性质 itis adj ofsb todo 形容人的品质 句型3 itisadj for ofsb todo seewatchdohear sb sth doingfeeldonenoticeIsawtwoboysfightwitheachother Twoboyswereseentofightwitheachother 被动句还原to 感官动词 dodohave make let sth sb doingdonetodoget leave sth sb doingdonekeepsb sthdoingdone 使役动词 sb be todo seenwatchedlookedatheardlistenedtofeltnoticedmade let 被动句还原to Acookwillbefiredifheisfound inthekitchen A smokeB smokingC tosmokeMymothermakesmelearnEnglisheveryday IammadetolearnEnglisheveryday Ioftenhearhimsingthesong Heisoftenheardtosingthesong 高考真题演练 07北京 Excusemesir whereisRoom301 Justaminute I llhaveBob youtoyourroom A showB showsC toshowD showing 11湖南卷 TheabilityanideaisasimportantastheideaitselfA expressingB expressedC toexpressD tobeexpressed 2011湖南卷 21 TheabilityanideaisasimportantastheideaitselfA expressingB expressedC toexpressD tobeexpressed07江苏 Myparentshavealwaysmademe aboutmyself evenwhenIwastwelve A feelingwellB feelinggoodC feelwellD feelgood 07浙江 ThechildrentalkedsoloudlyatdinnertablethatIhadtostruggle A tobeheardB tohaveheardC hearingD beingheard 08上海 Ifthereisalotofwork I mhappytojustkeeponuntilitisfinished A todoB tobedoingC doneD doing 高考真题演练 1 Davidthreatened hisneighborstothepoliceifthedamageswerenotpaid 09上海 A tobereportedB reportingC toreportDhavingreported 2 Ifthereisalotofwork I mhappytojustkeeponuntilitisfinished 08上海 A todoB tobedoingC doneD doing C A 3 Thelastone paysthemeal Agreed 07全国 A arrivedB arrivesC toarriveD arriving 4 Energydrinksarenotallowed inAustraliabutarebroughtinfromNewZealand 06上海 tomakeB tobemadeC tohavebeenmadeD tobemaking C B 5 Theproblems atthemeetingtomorrowarereallyhardtosolve A discussedB todiscussC tobediscussedD discussing6 07上海春 thesafetyofgas thegovernmenthascheckedthecity sgassupplysystemthoroughly A ToensureB EnsuringC Havingensured D Tohaveensured 7 07上海春 Allthestaffinourcompanyareconsidering tothecitycenterforthefashionshow A togoB goingC tohavegoneD havinggone8 07上海 ThereisnothingmoreIcantry youtostay soIwishyougoodluck A beingpersuadedB persuadingC tobepersuadedD topersuade 不定式专项练习课后作业1 Youhadbettergetadoctor yourbadtooth A pulloutB topulloutC pulledoutD pullingout2 Ifthereisalotofwork I mhappytojustkeeponuntilitisfinished 上海卷 A todoB tobedoingC doneD doing3 07安徽 Robertisindeedawiseman Oh yes HowoftenIhaveregretted hisadvice A totakeB takingC nottotakeD nottaking 4 08江苏 TolearnEnglishwell weshouldfindopportunitiestohearEnglishasmuchaswecan A speakB speakingC spokenD tospeak5 07全国I Thelastone paysthemeal Agreed A arrivedB arrivesC toarriveD arriving6 07全国I It salongtimesinceIsawmysister herthisweekend A WhynotvisitB whynottovisitC WhynotvisitingD Whydon tvisit 7 09江苏 SchoolsacrossChinaareexpectedtohire50 000collegegraduatesthisyearasshort termteachers almostthreetimesthenumberhiredlastyear reduceunemploymentpressures A helpB tohavehelpedC tohelpD havinghelped8 09重庆 Withtheworldchangingfast wehavesomethingnewwithallbyourselveseveryday A dealB dealtC todealD dealing9 09湖南 Nowadayspeoplesometimesseparatetheirwastetomakeiteasierforit A reusingB reusedC reusesD tobereused 2 非谓语动词作定语 1 现在分词作定语1 意义现在分词作定语表示动作 如果是单词 放在被修饰词 如果是短语 放在被修饰词后 2 结构主动式 V ing 被动式 beingdone 3 用法 1 前置定语e g Don twakeupthesleepingboy Heisapromisingyoungman Arollingstonegathersnomoss 2 后置定语e g Thebirdsinginginthetreeisverybeautiful 3 现在分词修饰somebody nobody anybody everybody something anything everything nothing等不定代词或指示代词those时 要放在这些词后面 e g Thepresidentsaidsomethingencouraginginhisspeech Thedriverisoneofthosedying 4 注意 1 后置定语相当于省略的定语从句 Thegirl whowas sittinginthecornerIadorable Thehouses whichwas beingbuiltforthesurvivorsinthequake Thegirlwhohavepassedtheexamismygf Thegirlhavingpassedtheexamismygf 完成式不能作定语 07全国II Atthebeginningofclass thenoiseofdesks couldbeheardoutsidetheclassroom A openedandclosedB tobeopenedandclosedC beingopenedandclosedD toopenandclose 答案 C 考点 本题考查非谓语动词作定语 解析 过去分词作定语表完成 被动 不定式作定语表将来 现在分词作定语表示正在进行 本题题意 开始上课时 在教室外面就能听到开关课桌的声音 由句意可知表示开关课桌的动作正在进行 因此用现在分词作定语 11全国卷 Thenextthinghesawwassmoke frombehindthehouse A roseB risingC toriseD risen 09浙江 Thereisagreatdealofevidence thatmusicactivitiesengagedifferentpartsofthebrain A indicateB indicatingC toindicateD tobeindicating 10浙江 Thetrafficrulesaysyoungchildrenundertheageoffourandlessthan40poundsmustbeinachildsafetyseat A beingweighedB toweighC weighedD weighing 高考真题演练1 Didyouenjoyyourselfattheparty Yes I veneverbeentoonebefore 06四川 A amoreexcitedB themostexcitedC amoreexcitingD themostexciting2 Theflowers sweetinthegardenattractthevisitorstothebeautyofnature 2004上海 A tosmellB smellingC smeltD tobesmelt 3 08上海 Ideally forBroadwaytheatreandFifthAvenue theNewYorkParkhotelisafavoritewithmanyguests A locatingB beinglocatedC havingbeenlocatedD located4 09上海 Billsuggested ameetingonwhattodofortheShanghaiExpoduringthevacation A havingheldB toholdC holdingD hold 课后作业1 Wouldyoupleaseturnoffthe water A runB wasrunningC ranD running2 Hewalkeddownthehills softlytohimself A singB singsC singingD wassinging3 Theoldman abroadfortwentyyears isonthewaybacktohismotherland A toworkBworkingC TohaveworkedD havingworked 4 09江苏 Distinguishedguestsandfriends welcometoourschool theceremonyofthe50thAnniversarythismorningareouralumni 校友 fromhomeandabroad A AttendB ToattendC AttendingD Havingattended5 10北京 I mcallingtoenquireaboutthepositioninyesterday sChinaDaily A advertisedB tobeadvertisedC advertisingD havingadvertised 过去分词 V ed1 作定语2 作表语3 作状语 过去分词 V ed1 过去分词作定语单个过去分词作定语 常放在被修饰词的前面 过去分词短语作定语 常放在被修饰词的后面 spokenEnglish Englishwhichisspokenterrifiedpeople thepeoplewhoareterrified1 Englishisawidelyusedlanguage 2 Hethrewawaythebrokencup 3 Thisisoneoftheschoolsbuiltin1980s 4 Pricesofdailygoodsboughtthroughacomputercanbelowerthanstoreprices 及物动词的过去分词表示结束了的被动动作或者没有一定的时间性 只表示被动关系 pollutedwater waterwhichispollutedreservedseats theseatswhichwerereservedtrappedanimal theanimalwhichwastrapped 不及物动词的过去分词不表被动 只表示动作发生在谓语动词之前 含有动作完成 动作结束之含义 boiledwater waterwhichhasboiledfallenleaves theleaveswhichhavefallenrisensun thesunwhichhasrisen 09上海 Withthegovernment said those bytheearthquakehavemovedtothenewsettlements A affectB affectingC affectedD wereaffected 08浙江 ItisoneofthefunniestthingsontheInternetsofarthisyear A findingB beingfoundC tofindD found 11湖南卷 Theplayersfromthewholecountryareexpectedtobringushonorinthissummergame AselectingBtoselectCselectedDhavingselected 课后练习1 Pricesofdailygoods throughacomputercanbelowerthanstoreprices A areboughtB boughtC beenboughtD buying2 Withalotofdifferentproblems thenewly electedpresidentishavingahardtime A settledB settlingC tosettleD beingsettled 3 Don tusewords expressionsorphrases onlytopeoplewithspecificknowledge A beingknownB havingbeenknownC tobeknownD known4 WhenIgotback Isawamessage tothedoor Sorrytomissyou willcalllater A pin readB pinning readingC pinned readingD pinned read 2 过去分词作表语表示 感觉流露 的一些过去分词 如 interested surprised excited frightened shocked 和一些过去分词 如dressed drunk devoted lost known 常用作表语 表示状态 其中有些仅表示状态 毫无被动意味 Howdidtheaudiencereceivethenewplay Theygotveryexcited HowdidBobdointheexamsthistime Well hisfatherseemspleasedwithhisresults Shewasverydisappointedtoheartheresult He squiteexperiencedinteachingbeginners Cleaningwomeninbigcitiesusuallyget bythehour A payB payingC paidD topay该题考查分词作表语的用法 topaysb bythehour 计时给某人报酬 此题被动结构作表语 类似的有 getburnt gethurt getwounded 10上海 thecitycenter wesawastonestatueofabout10metersinheight A ApproachingB ApproachedC ToapproachD Tobeapproached 10湖南 Dina formonthstofindajobasawaitress finallytookapositionatalocaladvertisingagency A strugglingB struggledC havingstruggledD tostruggle 10安徽 Hehadawonderfulchildhood withhismothertoallcornersoftheworldA travelB totravelC traveledD traveling 11辽宁卷 aroundthefire thetouristsdancedwiththelocalpeople A GatherB TogatherC GatheringD Tobegathering 2011湖南卷 29 Doyouwakeupeverymorningenergeticandreadytostartanewday A feelB tofeelC feelingD felt 2011陕西卷 20 MorehighwayshavebeenbuiltinChina itmucheasierforpeopletotravelformoneplacetoanother A makingB madeC tomakeD havingmade 2011浙江卷 3 Batsaresurprisinglylong livedcreatures somealifespanofaround20years A havingBhadC haveD tohave 高考真题演练 1 Afteraknockatthedoor thechildheardhismother svoice him 07上海卷 A callingB calledC beingcalledD tocall2 ThereisnothingmoreIcantry youtostay soIwishyougoodluck 07上海卷 A beingpersuadedB persuadingC tobepersuadedD topersuade 3 Mysister aninexperiencedrider wasfoundsittingonthebicycle B tobalanceit 上海卷 A havingtriedB tryingC totryD tried4 Somethingassimpleas B somecoldwatermayclearyourmindandrelivepressure 上海卷 A todrinkB drinkingC tobedrinkingD drunk5 Ideally D forBroadwaytheatreandFifthAvenue theNewYorkParkhotelisafavoritewithmanyguests 上海卷 A locatingB beinglocatedC havingbeenlocatedD located 6 08福建 inthequeueforhalfanhour theoldmansuddenlyrealizedhehadleftthechequeinthecar A WaitingB TowaitC HavingwaitedD Tohavewaited7 09上海 Asmallplanecrashedintoahillsidefivemileseastofthecity allfourpeopleonboard A killedB killingC killsD tokill8 09湖南 Attheageof29 Davewasaworker inasmallapartmentnearBostonand whattodoabouthisfuture A living wonderingB lived wonderingC lived wonderedD living wondered 课后作业1 Theroomsare soyoucan tmovein A paintedB paintingC beingpaintedD tobepainted2 Assoonasheenteredthecity he A waslosingB gotlosingC grewlostD gotlost3 Whathehasdoneisreally Nowhisparentsare him A disappointing disappointedatB disappointing disappointedaboutC disappointing disappointedwithD disappointed disappointingby 3 过去分词作状语1 基本结构 done2 特点 被动关系表示状态或完成的事3 作状语可以表示时间 原因 条件 让步 方式或伴随等 相当于一个相应的状语从句 05上海 intouseinApril2000 thehotlinewasmeantforresidentsreportingwaterandheatingsupplybreakdowns A PutB PuttingC HavingputD Beingput 09福建 nottomisstheflightat15 20 themanagersetoutfortheairportinahurry A RemindingB RemindedC ToremindD Havingreminded 08辽宁 Pleaseremain thewinneroftheprizewillbeannouncedsoon A seatingB seatedC toseatD tobeseated 答案 B 考点 考查非谓语动词 解析 句意为 请在座位上坐着 很快就会宣布获奖者 seat是及物动词 remain beseated保持坐着的状态 坐着 A inaredskirtintheopeningceremonyofthe2008OlympicGames thelittlegirlLinMiaokewontheheartsofthepeopleallovertheworld A DressedB WornC DressingD Wearing 穿戴 wear puton dresswear状态 穿着 puton动作 穿上 dress动作 给 穿衣 dresssb 状态 sb bedressedin 坐 sit seatsb sit Isithere sb beseated Iamseatedhere sit beseated WhenIarrived Ifoundtheboy B A seatingB seatedC isseatingD sitsIfoundtheboywasseatedIfoundtheboywassitting 08福建 Canthoseatthebackoftheclassroomhearme Noproblem A seatB sitC seatedD sat 答案 C 考点 考查非谓语动词 解析 atthebackoftheclassroom为分词短语作定语 sit为不及物动词 可用sitting 作定语 seat为及物动词 常与反身代词连用或用beseated形式 这里seat与those构成逻辑上的动宾关系 故用其过去分词作定语 TheTownHall inthe1800 swasthemostdistinguishedbuildingatthattime 07上海卷 A tobecompletedB havingbeencompletedC completedD beingcompleted 非谓语动词综合练习1 10上海 Thaiistheonlywaywecanimagine theoveruseofwaterinstudents bathrooms A reducingB toreduceC reducedD reduce2 It snecessarytobepreparedforajobinterview theanswersreadywillbeofgreathelp A TohavehadB HavinghadC HaveD Having3 Ireallycan tunderstand herlikethat A youtreatB youtotreatC whytreatD youtreating 4 Hegotwell preparedforthejobinterview forhecouldn trisk thegoodopportunity A toloseB losingC tobelostD beinglost5 Thecountryhasalreadysentupthreeunmannedspacecraft themostrecent attheendoflastMarch 2007山东 A hasbeenlaunchedB havingbeenlaunchedC beinglaunchedD tobelaunched6 WithFather sDayaroundthecorner Ihavetakensomemoneyoutofthebankpresentsformydad 2010全国I A buyB tobuyC buyingD tohavebought 7 InApril thousandsofholidaymakersremainedabroadduetothevolcanicashcloud 2010福建 A stickingB stuckC tobestuckD tohavestuck8 Listen Doyouhearsomeoneforhelp 2010湖南 A callingB callC tocallD called9 atmyclassmates faces Ireadthesameexcitementintheireyes 2010 北京卷 A LookingB LookC TolookD Looked10 I mcallingtoenquireabouttheposition inyesterday sChinaDaily 2010 北京卷 A advertisedB tobeadvertisedC advertisingD havingadvertised Thankyou