非谓语动词动名词和分词.ppt

非谓语动词考点归纳 二 动名词 动名词与现在分词同形 但主要起名词作用 充当成分 主语宾语表语定语 1 动名词作主语 泛指 Seeingisbelieving Playingchessisfun It snousewaitinghere 2 动名词作表语 泛指 Thenurse sjobislookingafterthepatients Herjobiskeepingtheofficesclean 她的工作是保持办公室清洁 区别 现在分词作表语 相当于形容词 可以有so very等副词来修饰例 Thenewsthatourteamhadbeenbeatenbytheminthematchwasverysurprising 我们队在比赛中被他们打败的消息让人感到很意外 Thesoundweheardlastnightwassofrightening 我们昨晚听到的声音令人恐怖 3 动名词作宾语 下列动词后只能接动名词 suggest finish avoid stop can thelp mind enjoy require practise miss escape pardon advise consider imagine keep appreciate escape permit anticipate contemplate delay postpone prohibit resent resist risk tolerate forbid overlook finish dislike Doyoumindmyopeningthewindows 下列动词短语接动名词 leaveoff putoff giveup lookforwardto feellike havetrouble difficulty in doingsth devoteto getusedto payattentionto befondof beworth IamusedtowatchingTVintheevening 特殊的几个动词 v doing 但是v sb todosth 如 allow允许 advise建议 forbid禁止 permit批准 recommend建议 推荐例1 a Wedon tallowsmokinginthelectureroom b Wedon tallowstudentstosmokeinthelectureroom 例2 a Iwould tadvisetakingthecar b Iwould tadviseyoutotakethecar todoing lookforwardto objectto beopposedto beused accustomedto preferdoingtodoing dedicateto例 a Iamlookingforwardtohearingfromyou b Iamaccustomedtosleepingwiththelighton c Thechildrenareopposedtohavingapartywithouttheiruncle d Theydon tobjecttopostponingthemeetinguntilFriday 4 动名词作定语 动名词作定语时 动名词和它所修饰的词没有逻辑上的主谓关系 常用于表示性质或属性 readingtextVSareadingboyasleepingbagVSasleepinggirlawalkingstickVSawalkingmanrunningwaterVSarunningathlete区别 现在分词作定语 有逻辑上的主谓关系 用动名词的常用句式 1 Itisnogood usedoingsth 表示干什么事没有用 It snousecryingoverthesplitmilk 后悔没有用2 Thereisnopoint use good in doingsth 表示干某事没有必要 没有意义 Thereisnousearguingwithhim 你没有必要和他争 3 Thereisnodoingsth 相当于it simpossibletodosth或wecan tdosth Thereisnodenying gainsayingthefactthat 毋庸置疑Thereisnotellingwhatwillhappentomorrow 无法预测Thereisnoknowingthefuture 不能预测未来 三 分词 现在分词与过去分词 充当成分 宾语补足语 表语 定语 状语 1 从语态方面来看 现在分词表示主动意义 与所修饰的名词构成主谓关系 如 ThemanstandingatthegateismyEnglishteacher whoisstanding过去分词通常表示被动含义 与所修饰的名词构成动宾关系 如 thebrokencup意思是thecupwasbroken 2 从时态角度看 现在分词一般表示进行的动作 过去分词则表示完成的动作 fallenleaves leavesthathavefallen落叶fallingleaves leavesthatarefalling正在飘落的叶子a sunkenships shipsthathavesunken沉没了的船只b sinkingships shipsthataresinking正在下沉的船只 一 现在分词 1 现在分词作状语 现在分词可在句中作时间 原因 伴随 条件 结果等状语 现在分词表示的意义是主动的 进行的 V ing形式作状语 可表时间 原因 方式 结果 条件 让步 伴随或陪衬等含义 相当于一个对应的状语从句所表达的意思 Walkinginthestreet Icameacrossanoldfriend WhenIwaswalkinginthestreet Icameacrossanoldfriend Beingill hedidn tgotoschool Ashewasill hedidn tgotoschool Laughingandtalking theywentintotheclassroom 方式 Ifyouuseyourhead youwillfindaway Thoughweighingalmostonehundredjin theboxwasliftedbyhimwithonehand Weweresittingbythewindow talkingaboutwhathappenedyesterday 伴随 Usingyourhead youwillfindaway Thoughitweighes 2 现在分词作定语 1 Thepicture onthewallispaintedbymynephew A havinghungB hangingC hangsD beinghung 二 过去分词 过去分词作状语 过去分词作状语 修饰谓语 大多说明动作发生的背景或情景 表示时间 条件 原因 让步 伴随情况等 一般说来 这一结构的逻辑主语是主句的主语 a 表示时间 Seenfromthespace theearthlooksblue Whenitisseenfromspace theearthlooksblue b 表示条件 Keptinrefrigerator thesevegetableswillremainfresh Iftheyarekeptinrefrigerator thesevegetableswillremainfresh c 表示原因 d 表示伴随情况 e 表示让步 Deeplymovedbythestory thechildrenbegantocry Astheyweredeeplymoved thechildrenbegantocry Shewalkedoutofthehouse followedbyherlittledaughter Shewalkedoutofthehouse andwasfollowedbyherlittledaughter Beatenbytheenemy herefusedtoletoutthesecret Althoughhewasbeatenbytheenemy herefusedtoletoutthesecret 共同 分词 现在分词 过去分词 作宾补 1 跟分词作宾补的动词有 catch haveget keep hear find feel leave make want start notice observe watch set等2 在复合宾语中 用现在分词作宾补 v sb doing 说明宾语是动作的发出者 形成逻辑上的主谓关系 用过去分词作宾补 v sb done 表示宾语是动作的承受者 构成逻辑上的动宾关系 Therewassomuchnoisethatthespeakercouldn tmakehimselfheard WhenIpassedthegate Icaughtathiefstealinganoldlady spurse 如 1 Don tleavethewater whileyoubrushyourteeth A runB runningC beingrunD torun2 Youshouldunderstandthetrafficrulebynow You vehadit oftenenough A explainingB toexplainC explainD explained 非谓语动词的其他考点 1 主语一致 1 Havingbeenattackedbyterrorists A doctorscanetotheirrescueB thetallbuildingcollapsedC anemergencymeasurewastakenD warningsweregiventotourists 2 Whilewatchingtelevision A thedoorbellrangB thedoorbellringsC weheardthedoorbellringD weheardthedoorbellrings 2 with的复合结构 with 名词 doingtododone 1 Icouldn tdomyhomeworkwithallthatnoise A goingonB goesonC wentonD togoon2 andnowaytoreduceherpainandsufferingfromtheterribledisease thepatientsoughtherdoctor shelptoendherlife A HavinggivenuphopeofcureB WithnohopeforcureC TherebeinghopeforcureD Inthehopeofcure Lifeexpectancyinthenationhasrisento73years withfewerpeoplesufferingfromheartdisease thenation snumberonekiller 这个国家的国民寿命已经上升到73岁 由于更少的人遭受心脏病 这个国家一号杀手的折磨 2 Justasthevalueofatelephonenetworkincreaseswitheachnewphoneaddedtothesystem sodoesthevalueofacomputersystemincreasewitheachprogramthatturnsout 正如电话系统的价值是随着每一部新加到这个系统的电话而增长 同样 计算机系统的价值随着它所运行的每个程序而增加 Therebe的动名词及不定式形式 Thestudentsexpectedthere morereviewingclassesbeforethefinalexamination Hespokeofthere danger 非谓语动词练习 Canyousparemesometime I mafraidnot Ihavelotsofletters doingwithB todoforC todealD todealwithIcan tunderstand atthatpoorchild youtolaughB youlaughingC youlaughD whylaugh Don tusewords expressionsorphrases onlytopeoplewithspecificknowledge beingknownB havingknownC tobeknownD known tosunlightfortoomuchtimewilldoharmtoone sskin A ExposedB HavingexposedC BeingexposedD Afterbeingexposed Thediscoveryofnewevidenceledto thethiefhavingcaughtB catchthethiefC thethiefbeingcaughtD thethieftobecaughtGenerallyspeaking when accordingtothedirections thedrughasnosideeffect takingB takenC totakeD tobetaken moreattention thetreescouldhavegrownbetter A TogiveB HavinggivenC GivenD GivingIwouldlove tothepartylastnightbutIhadtoworkextrahourstofinishareport A togoB tohavegoneC goingD havinggone Thedaywelookedforwardto A comeB comingC hascomeD havecome Thestudentsexpectedthere morereviewingclassesbeforethefindexam A isB beingC havebeenD tobe