2019-2020年高考英语一轮 语法专题3 非谓语动词01 译林牛津版.doc

2019-2020年高考英语一轮 语法专题3 非谓语动词01 译林牛津版高考预练1. Having received_ training of the MS. pany, he was offered important position in management.A. the;an B. 不填;an C. the;不填 D. a;a2. The customer bargained with the shopkeeper for a long time, and finally they agreed _ the price.A. to B. with C. on D. at3. The plan _just because people were unwilling to cooperate (合作).A. broke down B. pulled down C. turned down D. put4. Whether ways will be found to stop pollution or not is just_ worries the public.A. why B. which C. that D. what5. -Im sorry, I shouldnt have been so rude to you.-You_ your temper but thats OK.A. have lost B. had lost C. did lose D. were losing6. -Shall Mary e and play puter games?-No,_ she has finished her homework.A. when B. if C. unless D. once7. -Im going downtown.-e on.A. Ill give you a lift B. You are weleC. Dont do that D. e with me8. It is only when you nearly lose someone _ you fully realize how much you value him.A. do B. then C. will D. that9. I can guess you_ your sweater inside out.A. had worn B. wore C. are wearing D. were wearing10. Beijing government puts more than 700 million yuan to increase its green space this year,_ doubles the money provided last year.A. as B. while C. that D. which11. -Oh, must you? Stay a longer. Its been such fun having you-_. Ive got an early start tomorrow morning.A. No problem B. All right C. Thanks anyway D. Never mind12. Children under six are not _to school except those of extraordinary intelligence (智力超常).A. permitted B. admitted C.accepted D. received13. Now then, children, its time you_.A. washed and dressed B. are washed and dressedC. will wash and dress D. were washed and dressed14. In the middle of the room stands a_ table.A. beautiful wooden round B. round wooden beautifulC. accepted D. received D. beautiful round wooden15. -Are you sure to help me find_ bed for my new house?-Of course, but not now. Im heading, for_ bed and a good sleep.A. a,a B. a,不填 C. the,a D. a, the答案与解析15 ACADC 610 CADCD 1115 CBDDB 1A本题为定冠词的考查。前面一空后有of the MSpany修饰，所以为特指，而后面一空为泛指，所以用an。2C本题既是介词的考查，也是固定搭配的考查。agree with后接人或what引导的短语，agree to后接动词原形，agree on sth表示在某一方面达成一致，没有agree at的用法。3A本题为词语的辨析。break down指失败，(车等)抛锚；pull down指推倒；turn down指拒绝；put down指放下。4D本题为what引导的表语从句，从句中缺少主语，所以用what。5C本题是情境中的时态考查。问句中提供的信息表明lose temper的行为发生于过去，所以选C。6C本题只要理解了句意就能很容易地选出unless。句意为：“玛丽要来打电脑游戏吗?”“不，除非她完成了作业。”7A本题是交际用法的考查。仔细读题并发现只有“Ill give you a lift”(我顺路带你去)最合题意。8D这是强调句的考查。强调部分是that后的句子的时间状语。9C本题是时态的考查。因为说话人说“你把毛衣穿反了”指的是当时的情形，所以用进行时态。10D本题是非限定性定语从句，which替代逗号前的整个句子。11C本题还是交际用语的考查。理解问句的含义，就知道答句的意思应为“谢谢，但我明天一早就出发。”所以只有C项符合题意。12B本题考查词语辨析。permit为允许，通常指法律或规定，accept意为接受，receive意为收到，be admitted t0 school是惯用法。13D本题的正确解答需掌握：“it is time that后接的句子用一般过去时，wash 和dress都为及物动词，后无宾语所以用被动。14D本题考查形容词的词序。记住名词前最近的修饰词是有关它的质地的形容词，所以可以直接选出D。15B前一空泛指一张床，所以用a；后一空head for bed为惯用法，意为“去睡觉”。在句中充当除谓语以外句子成分的动词形式叫做非谓语动词。非谓语动词分为三种形式：不定式(作主语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语和表语)、动名词(作主语、表语、宾语和定语）和分词（作定语、补足语、状语和表语），分词包括现在分词和过去分词。从时间关系上看，不定式表未来，现在分词表进行，过去分词表完成，同时注意不定式和现在分词的完成式也表完成(尤其是表示有明显的先后关系的完成)；从主动与被动来看，不定式和现在分词表主动，过去分词表被动，同时注意不定式和现在分词的被动式也表被动(不定式的被动式在表被动的同时还兼表未来，现在分词的被动式表被动的同时还兼表进行)。考点一非谓语动词的时态和语态的基本用法1不定式、现在分词或动名词的动作若发生在谓语动词的动作之前，就用完成式，否则，用一般式。不定式、现在分词或动名词与其逻辑主语若是主动关系，就用主动式，否则，用被动式。要注意此处的完成式并不等同于谓语动词的现在完成时，相对于现在已经完成，它只强调动作的先后关系。They worked day and night，sending supplies to the flooded areas.（虽然send动作已经完成，但相对于work来说却是同时的不是发生在它之前）Not having received the call，Tom returned home.（显然是先未接到电话，然后又回家，有明显的先后关系）2being done所表示的时间概念并非全是正在进行，要分清是现在分词还是动名词。Being exposed to the sun for so long will do harm to our skin.（只强调动作是被动，为动名词作主语，并不表示动作正在进行）The problem being discussed is very important.（强调被动、进行，此处是现在分词，表示动作正在进行）3判断语态时学会找非谓语的逻辑主语：作定语时，被修饰的词是其逻辑主语；作状语时，句子的主语是其逻辑主语；作补语时，句子的宾语或主语是其逻辑主语。若是系动词则一定用主动式，或是非谓语形式后面接宾语也多为主动式。The teacher came in，following our monitor.考点二分词与不定式作状语的区别1作目的状语和结果状语的通常是不定式，分词一般作时间状语、原因状语、条件状语和伴随状语。不定式放句首作状语，只表目的；作结果状语时表示出乎意料的、令人不愉快的结果。而现在分词不能表示目的，作结果状语时也表示伴随谓语动词动作的发生而产生的自然结果（同时发生），有时在前面加上thus，谓语动词与现在分词是因果关系。To catch the train，he got up early.But he reached the station only to be told that the train was delayed.2要注意非谓语动词的逻辑主语为句子的主语。因此要注意主语前后一致。To improve English，his father bought him many books.（）（improve的逻辑主语为he，而不是his father）Walking in the street，a car knocked the boy down.（）（walk的逻辑主语为the boy，而不是a car）3不定式可以跟在表示“喜、怒、哀、乐”的形容词后面作原因状语或用于too.to do sth.，so.as to do sth.，enough.to do sth.等结构中作结果状语。I am happy to meet you here.The boy is old enough to go to school.4独立成分作状语，其形式不受前后文的影响。considering.（鉴于/考虑到）；generally speaking（总的来说）；judging by/from.（从来看，依据来判断）；supposing that.（假定）；providing that.（假定）；owing to.（由于）；talking/speaking of.（谈及）；given.（考虑到）；provided that.（如果）；to tell the truth（实话实说）；to be honest（老实说）。Generally speaking，it is hot in summer in this area.考点三不定式和分词作补语的区别1表示感觉的动词，可以简单归纳为：一感（feel）二听（hear，listen）三让（let，make，have）四看（see，watch，notice，observe等），其后可以跟不带to的不定式或者分词作宾补。不定式表示动作的全过程，说明某事已发生；用现在分词表示动作正在进行，还未结束。现在分词和宾语之间存在逻辑上的主动关系；用过去分词表示被动和完成，时间性不强。过去分词和宾语之间存在逻辑上的被动关系。I saw my mother crying，which made me puzzled.2find，leave（使处于某种状态），keep（使保持某种状态）后一般跟分词作补足语，而不跟动词不定式。What you said left me thinking.3常用不定式作宾补的词：wish，want，ask，require/request，order，warn，allow/permit，forbid，expect，remind，encourage，inspire，call on，depend on等。We depend on you to help us out of trouble.考点四非谓语作定语的区别1不定式作定语。不定式作定语常表示该动作尚未发生；被修饰的词为ability，chance，idea，fact，promise，attempt，belief等抽象名词时一般用不定式作定语；不定式常用于不定代词或被the first/next/only/last等修饰的名词后作定语；如果作定语的不定式与被修饰的名词有动宾关系，在不及物动词后通常要加上适当的介词。He will attend the meeting to be held tomorrow.He has bee the first to go abroad in our town.He wanted to find a place to live in.2动名词作定语。动名词作定语表示被修饰词的用途，与被修饰词之间不存在逻辑上的主谓关系。A sleeping pill will help you to fall asleep quickly.3现在分词作定语。当被修饰的名词与分词为主动关系时，用v.ing形式；当为被动关系且表示动作正在进行时用being过去分词；当被修饰的名词与分词为被动关系且动作已经完成时，要用过去分词形式，现在分词的完成时不作定语。现在分词作定语一般要求其动作与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生或在说话时该动作正在进行，否则就用定语从句。Three days later I received a letter offering me the job.The houses being built are for the students.4过去分词作定语。过去分词作定语与被修饰词之间存在逻辑上的被动关系，表示动作已完成。及物动词的过去分词作定语表示被动完成，少数不及物动词的过去分词作定语只表示完成，不表被动。The retired worker was sweeping the fallen leaves on the road.考点五非谓语动词作宾语的区别1通常跟不定式作宾语的词有：afford，agree，want，wish，hope，refuse，manage，ask，offer，promise，pretend，decide，learn，determine，expect，beg，choose，intend，attempt，fail，claim，long（v.），plan，prepare，would like（love），prefer，seek等。Dont pretend to be reading.2通常跟动名词作宾语的词有：acknowledge，admit，appreciate，avoid，consider，delay，dislike，enjoy，feel like，finish，imagine，keep，mention，mind，miss，practice，resist，risk，suggest，stand等。Im considering buying a new car.3有些动词的后面可用不定式或动名词作宾语，但是意义有别。这些动词有：forget，remember，regret，mean，stop，try，cant help，go on等。Dont forget to call me.（别忘记给我打电话。）I forgot meeting you here.（我忘记在这里遇见过你了。）4need，want，deserve，require（表示需要，值得）动名词表被动意义，相当于用不定式的被动式。The man who wanted to steal money deserved punishing.5在like，hate，prefer等动词后，表示具体的、一次性的或将来的动作用不定式；表示一般的、泛指的或习惯性的行为用动名词。I like watching TV，but I dont like to do that this evening because I am too busy.考点六独立主格结构独立主格结构是英语中的一个特殊短语结构，它只有逻辑上的主语（名词或代词充当）和谓语（一般用分词、不定式、形容词、副词、数词、介词短语来充当），而没有语法意义上的主语和谓语，主要用于书面语中，在口语中不常用，在句子中起状语作用，相当于一个状语从句，表示时间、原因、方式、条件、伴随情况等，用于修饰整个句子。“with宾语宾语补足语”也是独立主格结构的一种形式。The weather being so fine，we decided to go for an outing.With you to help us，we will make much progress.考点七不定式的主动形式表示被动含义1在“be表示特征、性质的形容词不定式”结构中；该结构中常用的形容词有：easy，hard，difficult，important，impossible，interesting，pleasant，nice，fortable，safe，dangerous，cheap，fit，heavy，happy，glad，pleasant，sorry，lucky，surprised，angry，able，right，ready，clever，foolish，quick，slow，polite，wrong等。这类形容词往往说明产生这种特性或情绪的原因。要注意不定式当中动词要用主动式，且是及物动词或是“不及物动词介词”的形式。He is easy to get along with.2不定式与疑问词连用时。I dont know what to do.3某些动词（如blame/seek/let等）的不定式与be动词连用时。He is to blame for the accident.考点八固定句式1It is/was no use/good doing sth.2It is/was of little use/good doing sth.3It is/was not any use/good doing sth.4There is no point in doing sth.5There is no possibility of doing sth.It is no good reading such books.There is no point in waiting for him.