阅读理解技巧一词义推测题.ppt

英语阅读理解题中词义推测题 阅读理解高分技巧 词义推测题 猜测词义题是从特定的角度考查考生的阅读理解能力和处理生词的能力 猜测词义包括对词 词组和句意的理解 是高考英语试题阅读理解中的一类必考题 Itookoff buthadgoneonlyafewmileswhenblacksmokepouredfromthebackofcar IstoppedandwonderedwhatIshoulddo 61 Thewords tookoff underlinedinparagraph2mean A turnedoffB movedoffC putupD setup Wecouldn taffordallthenecessarymedicationforhim andbecauseDadwasunabletowork Ihadnomoneyforschoolsuppliesandoftencouldn tevenbuyfoodfordinner Iwouldsitinclassfeelingcompletelylost theteacher swordsmuffledasItriedtofigureouthowIwasgoingtomanage 61 Whatcanwelearnfromtheunderlinedsentence A Kerrelcouldn tunderstandherteacher B Kerrelhadspecialdifficultyinhearing C Kerrelwastootroubledtofocusonthelesson D Kerrelwastootiredtohearherteacher swords 猜测词义题常见的解题方法 一 上下文线索猜测词义任何一篇文章中的句子在内容上都不是绝对孤立的 都跟句子所在的段落及整篇文章有关 利用上下文提供的情景和线索 进行合乎逻辑的综合分析而推测词义 是阅读过程中的一大关键 也是高考的热点 如 Ifhethinkshecaninvitemeout heisallwet Idon tliketobewithhim A drunkB sweatingC happyD mistaken根据Idon tliketobewithhim我们感受到说话人的语气 我不愿意跟他在一起 那么 他要邀请我出去是不可能的他就大错特错了 因此答案D 练习 1 Adeafanddumpguywentintoahardwarestoretoaskforsomenails 2 TheclimateofthewestcoastisthemostmoderateinCanada summersarecoolandfairlydryandwintersaremild cloudyandwet Eveninmid winter thetemperatureisusuallyabovefreezing 3 Allthehousesinthecitycollapsedduringtheearthquake 4 Forpeoplewholivewithinastone sthrowfromtheofficetobelatetoworkisunforgivable 5 Theconflagrationwassofiercethatwithjustafewsecondonecouldseetoweringflameswherethehousehadstoodandthesmokewhichfilledtheskycouldbeseenformilesandmiles 答案 1 五金店 2 温和的 3 坍塌 4 一步之遥 5 大火灾 二 根据定义或解释猜测词义阅读文章中的有些生词尤其是新闻报导及科普类文章中的生词 往往在其后有对该词进行解释说明性的短语或句子 如tobe thatis mean standfor namely toreferto tomean inotherwords等 有时也以同位语 定语从句的形式出现 或用破折号 括号来表示 如 Someshipscarriedcargosuchascoal oilandmilitarysupplies 军用物资 whileotherscarriedonlypassengers 分析 suchas后所列举物品均为 货物 由此推断cargo的意思相同 和后面的passengers形成对比 练习 1 Yet shopkeepersmayhavetospendextrahourstodealwithproblems suchasshoplifter whoalwaystakeawaythingsfromtheshopwithoutpayingforthem 2 Thebestfootball basketballandtennisplayerscanbecomeprofessionalthatmeanstheywillhaveacareerinsportsandwillgetmoneywhentheyplay 3 Kleptomaniaisanillnessofthemindthatgivesapersonthedesiretosteal 4 Theword lefty meansapersonwhouseshisorherlefthandforwriting eatingandotherjobs 5 Doctorsrecommendedthateveryoneexerciseeveryday particularthosewhospendmanyhoursdoingsedentaryactivitieslikereading typingorsewing 6 ApersonwhohastheSARS 非典型肺炎 mayhavesymptomslikecoughingandahightemperature 答案 1 商店里偷东西的人 2 职业的 3 盗窃癖 4 左撇子 的 5 久坐的 6 症状 三 根据反义词或反义关系有的文章作者为了增强表达效果 会用一对反义词揭示事物的不同点 形成鲜明的对比 这时只要把握其中的一词 就不难推出另一词的含义 这种句子多见unlike although but yet while onthecontrary ontheotherhand foronething foranother insteadof ratherthan等信息词 如 Oneideaaboutbusinessisthatitcanbetreatedasagameofperfectinformation Quitethereverse businesspolite lifeitselfisgameswhichwemustnormallyplaywithveryimperfectinformation A Quiteright B Timeenough C Mostunlike D Justtheopposite 分析 由前句中perfectinformation到后面imperfectinformation这一组对比关系的词 我们可以推断应为 对比 相反 的意思 练习 1 UnliketheUniteStateswheremanydifferentnationalitiesmakeupthepopulation Japan spopulationisquitehomogeneous 2 Thousandsofpeoplegotstuckinlifts Butnoonepanicked wepassedthetimetellingstories 3 Mostofusagreed however Garydissented 4 Heishomely notatallashandsomeashisbrother 答案 1 单一民族的2 慌张3 不同意4 不英俊 四 根据同义词或近义词关系常见的引出同义词的标志性词语有or like similarly等 如 MillionsofanimalsdieeachyearonUSroads theHighwayadministrationreports Infact onlyabout80ocelots anendangeredwildcat existintheUStoday 分析 从后面的同位语anendangeredwildcat可知 ocelot 是一种野生猫 练习 1 Noteveryhistoricmansion church battlesite theatreandotherpublichallscanbepreserved 2 Weshould therefore learntochooseourwordscarefullyandusethemaccurately ortheywillmakeourspeechsillyandvulgar 3 Theirfriendslaughedatthem andmysisterfeltwretched veryunhappy 大厦 粗俗的 庸俗的 极不愉快的 五 利用例证性线索某些冷僻的词汇后面会举一个例子 使词汇具体易懂 forexample like suchas等连接性词语往往用来举例说明前面较难理解的名词 如 Youcantakeanyoftheperiodicals TheWorldofEnglish ForeignLanguageTeachinginSchool orEnglishLearning 分析 通过后面的例子 英语世界 中小学外语教学 英语学习 可知periodicals为 期刊杂志 练习 1 ManyUnitedNationsemloyeesarepolyglots Mr Simpson forexample speaksfivelanguagesfluently 2 Thelargestplayer ShanghaiBashiTourismCarRentalCenteroffersawidevarietyofchoices DeluxeSedans Minivans StationWagons Coaches SantanaSedansarethebigfavorite 3 Whenwritinganarticle weoftenusesimiles suchas braveasalion and quicklikelightning 通晓多国语言 各种不同出租车的总称 明喻 六 根据构词法猜测词义阅读中常会遇到一些由所熟悉的单词派生或合成的新词 可利用构词法知识来推测其意思 如 Exhibitionofficialssaidthatapersonbittenbyoneofthesesnakeswouldneedatleast80mlofananti poisonmedicinetobesaved 分析 anti poison是由poison加前缀anti 构成的 anti 意思是 反对 排斥 抵抗 由此可猜出anti poison是 解毒 抗毒 的意思 练习 1 Iranquakeleavescityflattened 2 Whenmenandwomenlivedbyhunting50 000yearsago howcouldtheyevenbegintopicturemodernlife 3 TheagingofpopulationwillaffectAmericansocietyinmanyways education medicineandbusiness 被夷为平地 画出一幅画 老化 2006年安徽卷C Lionsareopportunists Theyprefertoeatwithouthavingtodotoomuchwork Ifanotheranimalhasmadeakill theywilldriveitoffandtakethekillforthemselves 64 Bydescribinglionsas opportunist inthefirstparagraph theauthormeanstosaythatlions A arecruelanimalsB arecleveranimalsC liketotakeadvantageofotheranimalsD liketotakeeverychancetoeat 2006年上海卷CAnalyzingthelawofthetalion aneyeforaneye atoothforatooth WilliamIanMillerpresentsanoriginalthinkingovertheconceptof payback 73 Theword talion inintroducingthebookEyeforanEyeisprobablyaconceptof A medicineB tradeC avengingD striving 2006年天津卷CSomechildrenarenatural bornbosses Theyhaveastrongneedtomakedecisions managetheirenvironment andleadratherthanfollow Examinetheextendedfamily andyou llprobablyfindabossygrandparent aunt uncleorcousinineverygeneration It saninheritabletrait saidRussellBarkley aprofessor 44 Theunderlinedphrase inheritabletrait inParagraph2means A inbornnatureB developedcharacterC acceptedtheoryD particularenvironment 2006年湖南卷E Whenshewasstillinherearly30s publishingessaysinsuchimportantmagazinesaspartisanReview sheappearedasthesymbolofAmericanculturallife tryinghardtofolloweverynewdevelopment Sontagwalkedatthelatestedgesofworldculture 71 TheunderlinedsentenceinParagragh1meansSontag A wasasymbolofAmericanculturallifeB developedworldliterature filmandartC publishedmanyessaysaboutworldcultureD keptpacewiththenewestdevelopmentofworldculture