资源描述
2019-2020年外研版高中英语必修1 Module 1My First Day at Senior Highword背景知识拓展Education in the United StatesEducation in the United Statesis mainly provided by thepublic sector, with control and funding coming from three levels:federal,state, andlocal. Child education iscompulsory.Public educationis universally available. School curricula（课程）, funding, teaching, employment, and other policies are set through locally electedschool boardswith jurisdiction overschool districtswith many directives from state legislatures. School districts are usually separate from other local jurisdictions, with independent officials and budgets. Educational standards and standardized testing decisions are usually made by state governments.The ages for compulsory education vary by state. It begins from ages five to eight and ends from ages fourteen to eighteen. Compulsory education requirements can generally be satisfied by educating children inpublic schools, state-certified private schools, or an approvedhome schoolprogram. In most public and private schools, education is divided into three levels: elementary school， middle school(sometimes called junior high school), andhigh school(sometimes referred to as secondary education). In almost all schools at these levels, children are divided by age groups intogrades, ranging from kindergarten(followed byfirst grade) for the youngest children in elementary school, up totwelfth grade, the final year ofhigh school. The exact age range of students in these grade levels varies slightly from area to area.Post-secondary education, better known as college in the United States, is generally governed separately from the elementary and high school system, and is described as a separate section.美国教育在美国，教育主要由公共部门来提供，管理、资金来自三个层面：联邦、州和地方。孩子们的教育是义务教育。公共教育普遍地都能够得到。学校的课程、资金、教学、人事招聘和其他政策都是通过当地选出的带有州议会对学校管辖权的董事会来确定的。学校通常与其他的当地管辖权是分开的，有着独立的公职人员和预算。教育标准和标准化的测试通常都是由州政府来制定。义务教育阶段的年龄因州而异。这个年龄开始于5到8岁，结束于14到18。义务教育的要求一般是由公立学校、州认证的私立学校或者是经过批准的家庭和学校的有关方案来测评。在大部分公立学校和私立学校里，教育被分为3个级别：基础学校、初级学校（有时候被称作 “junior high school”）和中等学校（有时候被称作“secondary education”）。在几乎都属于这些水平的学校里，孩子们根据年龄而划分为年级，从为最小年龄服务的幼儿园（之后是一年级）到12年级，这是high school的最后一年。这个年龄段的孩子们的年龄不同的地区稍有不同。大专教育，在美国以college而更加闻名，通常是与初等和中等学校系统分开管理，被描述为一个独立的阶段。
展开阅读全文