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L5 Unit 2-1 Listening One of the most important human emotions is love. However, there are many different kinds of love. Romantic love is certainly one of most interesting kinds of love. It can be beautiful, wonderful and heart breaking, sometimes all of the same time. Romantic Love can make our lives full and meaningful but it can also be an escape from loneliness and suffering. If romantic love has a purpose, neither phycologist nor biologist has discovered it. however, throughout history, philosopher have offered opinions about it. The Geek Philosopher Plato said love makes us complete. He relates a comic story in which humans originally had 4 arms, 4 legs and 2 faces. Then, when they angered the Gods, they were cut in half. Since then, every person has been searching for their soulmate, the other half of his or her self.Another philosopher believed that love is an illusion. In his view, people fall in love because they believe the other person can make them happy. But in fact, this is just an illusion designed to make us have children(省略that定语从句). Once we have children, we are right back to where we were, still searching for happiness. For nature, this is a success because we have children to maintain our species. But it leads us still searching for something more. In Buddhism, romantic love is seen as an attempt to satisfy to our desires. These desires are defect, something we need to overcome. The way we free ourselves from suffering, is to remove desires. Once free of desires, we can reach a state of peace and wisdom. This states of freeing are called *. In one of China greatest classical novels, Dream of the Red Chamber, love is presented as a state of foolishness. A young man falls in love with a beautiful woman, who tricks and makes fool of him. This results in the conflicting emotions of love and hate which tear him apart(使心碎). To cure him, a priest gives him a magic mirror. The priest tells him to look into the reverse side of the mirror but never look at the front side. When the young man looks into the mirror, he doesnt like what he sees, so he looks into the forbidden side, the front side. There he sees the lovely image of his love, who invites him into the mirror, to be with her. He does it several times, until he has finally dragged away(拖走)in chains. He dies while looking into the mirror. Perhaps the point of the story is that all such attachments should be avoided. A famous French writer, Simone de Beauvoir has another point of view. For her, love is the desire to integrate with another, like in a great friendship. However, its important that the lovers not become too dependent on the other person. Becoming too dependent on the other person can lead to boredom or power games. Lovers should support each other in discovering themselves and developing their potentials. In this way, romantic love can reach the world. Falling in love can be exciting and frightening. Maybe we lose ourselves and maybe we find ourselves. Would you dare to find out? Other kinds of love include the love between a parent and child. If something is an illusion, it isnt what it seems to be. L5 Unit 2-1 vocabularyForbidden or prohibited to be against the law or not allowed. Smoking is prohibited on many airplanes. Athletes are forbidden from taking certain kinds of drugs. If something is allowed, it isnt forbidden or prohibited. Risky to be a big dangerous or unsafe. A risky investment may not be a good idea for people who worry too much. If you make a risky investment, they may lose a lot of money. What level of risk are you willing to take?Ridiculous to be foolish or not make any sense. Their proposal is ridiculous because it requires too much time and money. Without enough quality practice, its ridiculous to expect much progress. Innovative to come up with good idea or way of doing things. Innovative people are often clever and creative. Too innovate means to come up with a new way of doing something. Innovative thinking can lead to the development of new products and services. Conservative, to be conservative means to avoid taking risks. Conservative investor tries to make safe investments. A conservative investor wants to minimize risks. A conservative of approach to management may discourage innovation. To disguise, to change somethings appearance so that it cant be recognized. He wasnt good at disguising himself so we knew who he was right away. She wore and disguise so it wasnt sure who she was. To clarify, to explain or make something clear. We werent sure what he meant until he clarified his ideas. Everyone was confused until she clarified what she meant. To confuse, to make things difficult to understand. The opposite is to clarify. Everyone is confused, because the presentation is so disorganized. He confuses people because he keeps changing his ideas. The instructions were confusing so nobody knew what to do. To ignore, to try not to notice or deal with something. To act as if something isnt there. We tried to ignore her but she finally stood up and told everyone to shut up. People dont respect or like her so they ignore her in the office. To confirm, to indicate that something correct or completed it as susceptive. We wont sure if hes going to accept the offer until he called and confirmed it. we cant start the project without written confirmation that we agree on the details. Meeting something on the internet can be risky, so be careful. There were forbidden from going to that website, because of its content. Assess to that part of the factory is prohibited for security seasons. Ignorant; confusion L5 Unit 2-1 dialogueWhats so funny? what are you writing about?Im writing about something I saw earlier this morning. Really, do you keep a journal?Yes, I do. Very weekend I write about things that happened during the week. How long have you been doing it?Ive been doing it fairly regularly since high school. Are you going to turn it into a book?I dont know. Maybe I will something but for now its just for me. So what was so interesting about what you saw this morning?I was in the same coffee shop I usually go to and a group of teenagers came in. I couldnt help watching them and try to hear some of their conversation. That must have been interesting. Yes, it was. The more I watched them, the more I realized how glad I am that I dont have to go through that state of life again. So it brought back some memories, right?Yes, it did. It was so clear how Im uncomfortable some of them were. Yet, they were pretending to have good time. At least, there was seemed to me. Why did you think they were pretending? It was just the way they smiled and laughed. It seemed unnatural and overdone as if they were bad actors. A couple of boys were really awkward around the girls and two of the girls were wearing too much makeup. I had to stop myself and laughing. Yes, I can imagine it. I can remember wanting to be popular when I was in high school. Now that you mentioned it, it wasnt a great time, thought I had so fun too. I guessed it wasnt so bad at the time, except when I was preparing for my university entrance examinations. Yes, that was awful. My parents put tons of pressure on me so I thought I was going to go crazy. What about girls? Did you have any girlfriends?There was one girl I had a crush on, but I thought she was interested in somebody else. I didnt find out until much later that she was interested in me too. It was a lost opportunity, one of many. Really? You should become a writer or make a movie. You had a great imagination. To be honest, its much easier to imagine things than actually do things. You can say that again. It seemed unnatural and overdone, as if they were bad actors. L5 Unit 2-2 listeningPeople have wondered about the nature of light and color since ancient times. Some people thought that light came from the eyes rather than coming into the eyes. To see, light was projected(投射) from our eyes, to illuminate(照亮) things as we look at them. Now we know that what we see is mostly reflected light, like the light from the moon, which is reflected sunlight. Light comes from light source and either enters our eyes directly or after reflecting off thing. In 1666, Sir Isaac Newton showed that when light past through a prism, its separated into all the other colors. It clearly demonstrated that light is composed of many different colors. The difference between colors is due to their wavelength. A prism separates light into different colors because each color has different wavelength. the angle in which a color bends in a prism depends on its wavelength. Colors with shorter wavelengths bend more than colors with longer wavelengths. It explains why red light bends less than yellow light. The reason is because its wavelength is longer. Of the visible light, violet light has the shortest wavelength, so it bends the most. If you have ever painted, you knew that different colors can be combined to create new colors. For example, if you add white to a color, you lighten it. however, the three primary colors, red, blue and yellow cannot be made by mixing other colors. It isnt possible to mix any combination of colors to create red, blue or yellow. Mixing two primary colors creates a secondary color, such as purple, which is a mixing of blue and red. Mixing three primary colors create a tertiary (第三的)color such as brown or grey. Color are wonderful to look at. But they also affect people in ways besides sight. They have a powerful effect on who people feel and behave. Artists notice and so do business people, who want to influence on how they feel about their products and advertisement. For example, researches have shown that people can be productive if they are working at a blue room. The color purple is often linked to wealth and loyalty and it seems as a mysterious, spiritual(精神的) color. Some colors have even been associated with the changes in blood pressure. Though color can influence how we feel and act, these effects may depend on personal or cultural factors. Therefore, its important not to believe everything you hear about the effects of colors. Though there are differences between cultures, there is general agreement about some colors. The color red, for example, is a warm color, associated with energy and excitement in many cultures. In china, red is associate with fire, energy and good fortune. On the other hand, one experiment show that exposing students to red before taking a text can have a negative effect. In fact, of all the colors, research shows that red has the most powerful effect on human behavior. Certainly, its interesting and important to better understand the psychological effect of light and color. To gain a better understand of these effects, more research is needed. L5 Unit 2-2 vocabularyTo promote, to move someone up in an organization, usually he has done a good job. We are going to promote her to manager. If we dont promote him, he will probably be upset. The opposite of promote is demote. To transfer, to move someone or something from one place to another. The company was going to transfer him to Shanghai next month. She doesnt want to be transferred because her husband is against moving to another city. To motivate, to get someone interested and excited about doing something. Shes really good at motivating her employees. One way to motivate someone is to encourage them by giving them constructive feedback. To postpone, to delay or put off something until a later date. We had to postpone the presentation because she wasnt ready to give it. we cant continue to postpone the meeting where they would cancel it completely. To evade, to escape or avoid something. They are trying to evade taking responsibility for their failure. He was arrested for tax evasion. To assign, to give someone a text to do. His boss assigned him to increase sales by 15%. Her company assigned her to find out more about the competition. To penalize, to fine or punish someone for doing something wrong. They were penalized for breaking the rules. You would be penalized for fewer late. To lay off, to fire or sack a worker because business is bad. The company was failing so he was laid off. Our company had to lay off 50% of the employees. A company may have to lay off workers when business was bad. To recruit, to look for new employees to hire. They are expanding their business and recruiting new employees. She joined to company after she was recruited at a job fair. To resign, to voluntarily to quit ones job. His boss doesnt like him, so he was asked to resigned. She resigned from her job because of the health reasons. It wouldnt hurt to be a little less formal and to smile once in a while. L5 Unit 2-2 dialogueWow, you look different today. You mean Im beautiful? Whats the makeup? I felt like dressing up today. Dont you like it?Do you want me to be honest? Of course, but I know you. You are so old-fashion. I just think you dont need so much makeup to look beautiful. That at least like a v?Well not everyone agrees with you. And I like looking different once in a while. I glad that Im not a woman. There are too many things to deal with. Yes, you wouldnt be good at it. You always wear the same old clothes, its boring. Maybe its boring, but its comfortable. Youre never going to find a new girlfriend if you dont change. Im not interested in woman anymore. You know that. They are nothing but trouble. Am I trouble?You and I are just opposites. You are always doing something new and I would rather just relax. You sound like an old man. You need to act younger. You need to be more exciting. And then what? Find my soulmate?Really, you sound so cynical(愤世嫉俗的). Dont you believe in love?Sure, and the movie may be. Love is an illusion. It never lasts and once it starts, its difficult to break off. Your problem is that you expect too much from love. You are too romantic. You need to be more practical. I thought you were the romantic one. I had a romantic side yes, but Im practical. My man has got to be good looking, well dress and hopefully rich. Ha-ha, but that lets me out. Yes, youve got a lot to learn. Now, where are we going for dinner? Somewhere expensive?Ok, youve convinced me that your makeup isnt so bad. But I think its your turn to pay. Thats what you think. Theyll split the bill.L5 Unit 2-3 listeningOne of the most interesting people in history is probably someone youve never heard of. We would call him iceman because his body was frozen in ice for several thousand years. His body was discovered in 1991 by 2 hikers in mountain near the border of Australia and Italy. The lower part of his body was still frozen in ice but the upper part was uncovered and visible. Once a body was extracted from the ice, it was taken in for the examination. Upon examination, scientists determined that the iceman lived around 53 hundred years ago. This was at the end of stone age, nearly 1000 years before the great pyramids were built. This made him the oldest mummy ever found. Ice mans body was in good condition when it was found. People believed that the body was one of many hikers who have been lost in recent years. Nobody suspected that the body was as old as it was. It had been preserved by the ice for thousands of years. Given its good condition, studying it was like opening a window in time. Scientist could learn a lot about how people lived 5 thousand years ago. The iceman lived at the end of stone age, a time of great change in human history. Hunting was still major source for food but people were beginning to farm. People were settling down and forming communities. These communities were claiming territory and setting up boundaries. As a result, sometimes they had to fight to defend their territory from outsiders. The village where the iceman lived was probably not far from where he died. Perhaps, he was killed in the battle with outsiders. Iceman was about 45 years old when he died. He was 1.6 meters tall and weigh about 50 kilograms when he was alive. Along with the body was the mother objects. These included some weapons, including a broken arrow, a knife and an axe. He was still wearing one of his shoes and he had a backpack with the wooden frame. He also had some plants that may have been used for medical purposes. Further examination of the body showed that he was well fat with a diet of meet, bread and food. In fact, he had eaten several meals within a few hours of his death. From all the evidence, he probably had a good life. Perhaps he was hunting for food when he was caught in a sudden storm. For several years after the discovery of the body, scientist believed that he died from the cold. Weather is unpredictable in the area where he was found, so perhaps he was caught in an unexpected storm. However, 10 years after his body was found, new evidence pointed a new cause of death. In 2001, examiner X-rayed the body and found an arrowhead deep in the icemans chest. Further analysis revealed that the iceman had been shot from behind. The arrow had cut through an artery and had cause severe bleeding. Clearly it was a case of murder, the oldest case of murder ever discovered. L5 Unit 2-2 vocabularyTo sue, to take someone to court in a legal disagreement. They broke our contract and didnt pay so we sued them and won. She sued that her employers for firing her but she lost because they had the right to fire her. To restrict, to put limits on something. This is a restricted area so stay away. We need to restrict them from talking to anyone about our project. To negotiate, to deal with a bargain with others to reach an agreement. Instead of starting a war, we should negotiate and find a way to compromise. We are trying to negotiate a better deal but it isnt easy. Responsible for or responsible to, to be responsible for something means to have a job getting done or taking care of. If you are responsible to someone, it means that youre working under their control. Oversee or supervise, to control or direct a process of a project. One of his responsibilities was to supervise the rescue operations and keep things under control. As a product manager, she oversees the work of several departments. To merge, to combine or come together. Those 2 companies used to be competitors, but now they have merged into one company. When the companies merged, many people were laid off. To acquire, to buy or take position. Some big company grows by acquiring other companies. One way to protect your business is to acquire your competitors. An agenda, a plan or a list of items to be discussed at the meeting. The agenda for the meeting was still unclear. What are the main points on the agenda for the meeting? A contract, a written document that defines the rule and relationship. A contract isnt usually useful until things begins to go badly in the relationship. According to our contract, their first payment is due next week. Assets and liabilities, assets are what you own and liabilities are what you owe. Knowing the assets and liabilities of a company, help determine a companys value. The company has more liabilities than assets so we decided not to invest. L5 Unit 2-3 dialogueGood morning, Lisa. What was it you wanted to see me about?Ah, good morning. Thanks for seeing me on such short work notice, I know its a busy time for you. Thats OK, Lisa. I can see that youre upset about something. Is something wrong?Yes, actually there is and Ive been thinking about a lot. To make it short, Ive decided to leave the company. Youre going to leave?Yes, I think its best. Im real
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