2019届高三英语下学期二诊试题附解析与答案

2019 届高三英语下学期二诊试题附解析与答案第二次诊断模拟考试英 语注意事项：1答题前，先将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在试题卷和答题卡上，并将准考证号条形码粘贴在答题卡上的指定位置。2选择题的作答：每小题选出答案后，用 2B 铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑，写在试题卷、草稿纸和答题卡上的非答题区域均无效。3非选择题的作答：用签字笔直接答在答题卡上对应的答题区域内。写在试题卷、草稿纸和答题卡上的非答题区域均无效。4考试结束后，请将本试题卷和答题卡一并上交。第 I 卷（选择题）一、阅读理解Several Jobs That Will Be Automated By Artificial Intelligence(AI) And RobotsTranslatorImage recognition software and voice recognition software are bringing some major advances to language translationApplications like Googles Word Lens can translate words from signs and documents in real time and there ale a lot of translation apps that allow you to type in a word or phrase and will translate it for youSome will even speak the phrase for you and raw word-to-word translation will be fully automated soonFast food workersAutomated ordering booths have already made their way into a few McDonalds restaurants around the world， and cooking positions could be removed nextThe booths probably cant handle customer service problems well，so televideo systems could bring in an office employee to deal with complaintsField technicianNew advances in the Internet of Things could make this work obsoleteLow-cost sensors combined with high availability cellularsatellite communications and cloud technology are being started to automate and alarm these sites，and can be checked and maintained from a desktop or mobile deviceSales representativeBut，e-commerce is changing how we make purchasing decisions， especially those where there isnt much differentiation among the major competitorsIf youre selling a high-differentiation product andor a high-price，low-volume product you have some job security，but if youre selling a high-volume，low-differentiation product，you better start polishing your resume，said Doug Camplejohn，CEO of Fliptop “These kind of product sales are all moving online ”1What can Googles Word Lens do?ATranslate by image and voice recognition softwareB Speak the phrase or word for youC Make real-time translationDAllow you to type in a word or phrase2What can we infer from the second part?AAll the restaurants own automated ordering boothsB Service problems cant be handled automaticallyC Cooks will not be automated by AI and robotsDCustomers will have no complaints because of AI3What does the underlined word“obsolete”mean in Part 3?AAbandoned BWelcome C Forbidden DEfficient “Mayday! We got Mayday!”Frank Pisano screamed over the microphone to the air control tower at the airportOne of the two engines on his plane had failed，and he was now going down towards one of the busiest highways in AmericaInterstate 405，just south of Los Angelesand there was no stopping itDriving south on the 405，near the airportS runway，was John Meffert，a fire department captainHe was heading home from his shift when suddenly a lowflying plane caught his eyeAfter he took a second glance，a thought crossed his mind：“This planes going to hit me ”He was rightThe plane slammed into the road，popped up a few feet，and then clipped the front of Mefferts carIt finally stopped after hitting the divider(隔栏)Meffert pulled overHe was unhurt，and his car had received only a large scratch，so he turned his attention to the planeHe ran towards the smoke，and then he saw Franks wife，Janan Pisano，pop her head up on the passenger sideBy the time Meffert reached the aircraft，part of it was on fire and Janan，who was covered in blood，was on the wing trying to pull her husband from the wreckMeffert，afraid the plane would explode，guided her to safety behind it Then，he ran back for Frank，who had been knocked out by the initial crash，lying across both seatsMeffert carefully positioned himself under the pilots arms and lifted him from the cockpitThen he dragged the pilot off the wing and carried him to safety，where they could see the plane in flamesThe Pisanos spent three weeks in the hospitalRemarkably，Mefferts car was the only one hit by the planeHad Meffert been a second or two faster，Frank said，the left propeller(螺旋桨)would have ripped the top off his car and killed him“I play all the what-ifsgoing slower，going fasterIt could have been a very different result， ”Meffert said “We just had a lot of angels ”4What does the underlined word“Mayday”in Paragraph 1 refer to?AA special day in May BThe arrival timeC A message for help DThe local airport5Why was the plane going down to the highway?AOnly one engine was working B Frank mistook 405 for the runwayC The plane caught fire DThe pilot was seriously hurt6What prevented Meffert from being killed?AHis good sense of direction BHis low driving speedC His second glance at the plane DHis belief in God 7It can be inferred from the passage that_AMeffert and Frank were friendsB Mefferts car was not totally damagedC Janan Pisano was one of the crew of the airportDthe plane would take off again when Frank recoveredPlastic sludge(污泥)and garbage is a disaster for the worlds oceansA film crew traveled the globe to document the rubbishAnd Julie Andersen of the Plastic Oceans Foundation says what we see is just the tip of the problem “Half of the waste actually sinks to the bottom，and that that remains on the surface actually breaks down ”The filmmakers found rubbish in ocean gyres，the circulating currents that trap large concentrations of pollution in the Atlantic，Indian ，and Pacifc Oceans，home of what some haveplasticWhat we found was a plastic smog that spread throughout all the waterAnd in some parts of theoceans，scientists have found more plastic than plant ”The pieces of the plastic garbage infect the food chain，sometimes visibly,and more so at the microscopic level，where the plastic particles interact with other pollutants “There are heavy metals， medicines，industrial waste in the sea，while it acts like magnets(磁铁)These poisonous substances absorbon the plastic，and then when seafood absorbs the plastics，those poisonous substances enter the fattytissues ”To be consumed by other sea life and by people at lastChina，Indonesia，the Philippines，Thailand and Vietnam are the worst plastic pollutersThe United States，although a leader in recycling，is one of the worlds 20 since it produces and consumes so much plasticThere are efforts around the world to address th e problem，including at this newly opened recycling center in Lebanon(黎巴嫩)But Andersen says there is more that people can do “Cut back on single-use plastics，straws，plastic cups，plastic water bottles，plastic bags and find alternatives like reusable materials ”She says healthy oceans are essential to our sur vival8What can we learn from the passage?ATheres all island full of plastic rubbish in the PacificB The bad effect of plastic pollution cant be seen by eyesC The United States is the least plastic pollutersDThe plastic pollution to oceans is more serious than what we can see9What does the underlined word“it”refer to in paragraph 3?APollutants like heavy metals and medicines BThe plastic particlesC Seafood DFatty tissues10What can be inferred from the last paragraph?AAll Asian countries have the most serious problem of plastic pollutionB The plastic problem hasnt attracted the worlds attentionC Andersen is not satisfied with what has been done to solve the plastic problem,DPeople should stop using plastic products immediately11Which may be the title ofthe passage?APlastic pollution in the World B Plastic pollutionOceansDisasterC Ways to solve the problem of plastic pollution to oceansDPlastic pollution and our health If conditions get bad enough，almost any kind of weather can become a stormStormy weather can cause people to cancel their plansIt can cause major events to be postponedAnd severe stormy weather can be dangerous to people，fortune and anima1If you weather the storm，or ride out the storm，you survive and move on without harm or injuryFor example，1ets talk about Tornado Alley，the name for part of the central United StatesDuring springtime， this area often has a large number of powerful tornadoesPeople who live there are taught to shelter in the safest place they can find and wait for the storm to passPeople who live in Tornado Alley are used to weathering many storms!You can also weather a storm，but it doesnt involve actual weather “To weather the storm”can also mean to make it through a difficult experience or trying timesSo，if the stock market(股市)crashes，you might have to weather a financial stormOften before a big storm，conditions are calmThe calm before the storm can happen anytimeIt is the time before something bad happensFor example，at the beginning of a family reunionthe adults were all talking happilyBut the older children knew it was just the calm before the stormTheyve seen it happen beforeThe adults talk happily for about an hourThen they start arguing about events from the pastthings that should really stay buried!But after the storm begins and you find yourself in the middle of it，you are in the eye of the stormIn the world of weather，the eye of the storm is the calmest part，in the center of a hurricane，for exampleHowever，in the English language，if you are in the eye of the storm，you are in the most intense part of a conflictFor example，she had no idea that walking into the meeting would put her in the eye of the stormHowever， a brainstorm does not exist in the world of weatherTo brainstorm means to try to solve a problem by talking with other peopleAnd dont worryIf we have trouble thinking of an idea for the next program，we can always brainstorm with you !12Whats mainly discussed in the 3rd and 4th paragraphs?AWhat the meanings of weathering the storm areB How we can weather the stormC Weathering a storm doesnt involve actual weatherDPeople in Tornado Alley can survive the storm13Why does the author mention a family reunion in the fifth paragraph?ATo stress the importance of weather forecastB To develop the awareness of familyC To explain the meaning of an expressionDTo praise the older children for being clever14What can be inferred from the last paragraph?AA problem eart be solved if you worry too muchB A brainstorm often appears in the world of weatherC Difficulties can be dealt with by teamworkDTo brainstorm can cause troubles in the program15Whats the author s purpose in writing the text?ATo tell us stormy weather can cause destructionB To tell us some expressions about stormC To tell us a storm can cause conflictsDTo tell us we should be ready for a storm二、七选五Every animal sleeps, but the reason for this has remained foggy. When lab rats are not allowed to sleep, they die within a month.16One idea is that sleep helps us strengthen new memories. 17 We know that, while awake, fresh memories are recorded by reinforcing (加强) connections between brain cells, but the memory processes that take place while we sleep have been unclear.Support is growing for a theory that sleep evolved so that connections between neurons (神经元 ) in the brain can be weakened overnight, making room for fresh memories to form the next day.18Now we have the most direct evidence yet that he is right.19 The synapses in the mice taken at the end of a period of sleep were 18 per cent smaller than those taken before sleep, showing that the connections between neurons weaken while sleeping.If Tononis theory is right, it would explain why, when we miss a nights, we find it harder the next day to concentrate and learn new information our brains may have smaller room for new experiences.Their research also suggests how we may build lasting memories over time even though the synapses become thinner. The team discovered that some synapses seem to be protected and stayed the same size. 20 “You keep what matters,” Tononi says.AWe should also try to sleep well the night before.B Its as if the brain is preserving its most important memories.C Thats why students do better in tests if they get a chance to sleep after learning.DSimilarly, when people go for a few days without sleeping, they get sick.E. The processes take place to stop our brains becoming loaded with memories.F. Tononis team measured the size of these connections, or synapses, in the brains of 12 mice.G. “Sleep is the price we pay for learning,” says Giulio Tononi, who developed the idea.三、完形填空I am so thankful that I had the opportunity to spread a little love and kindness today. I had doctors 21 in a town thats about 45 minutes from where I live. After both my appointments were 22 , I started walking away from the building and 23 an elderly woman standing at the gate anxiously. I 24 myself and asked if she was waiting for someone or she needed 25 .As it turned out, she was having 26 walking the distance and had asked for a wheelchair and a staff member to 27 her up but no one had come yet. Virginia heat was kind to no one, and I was 28 for this dear ladys health.I asked her to 29 while I went to get her wheelchair myself. I ran to the help desk and asked for a 30 to assist a lady outside. The receptionist asked me, “Is the 31 ?” I was upset at the question and answered, “Shes a bit large, I suppose, but if transporting her is a(n) 32 for you, I am willing to do it myself.”She looked sort of shocked by my 33 , but the woman outside needed help, no matter her 34 . The help desk woman and I walked to the end of the passage to the now seated lady. Help desk person 35 her hand to help the lady, but she said “No, Im fine. I want to grab on to her 36 help.” She was talking about me. I helped the woman into the wheelchair but first locked the brakes so that she would be 37 . After she was seated, she softly 38 me for my help.When I returned home, what happened to me today kept going through my mind and reminded me how much I 39 the opportunity to help the lady. It gave me a sense of fulfillment and a 40 heart.21Acalls Borders Cexaminations Dappointments22Amade Bdone Carranged Dbooked23Arecognized Bknocked Cnoticed Dgreeted24Aexcused Bhelped Cexpressed Dadjusted25Aadvice Breference Ctreatment Dassistance26Apressure Btrouble Cdanger Dfear27Apick Bget Cmake Dkeep28Aready Bresponsible Cthankful Dconcerned29Ahelp Bmove Cwait Dstand30Awheelchair Bcar Cfriend Dstranger31Aheavy Bsick Cold Dweak32Abusiness Bmistake Cissue Dchoice33Awisdom Bcomment Cpersuasion Dcalmness34Ashape Bage Ccharacter Dsize35Agave up Breached out Cgave out Dstuck to36Awith Bby Cfor Dabout37Astronger Bsteadier Cslower Dfaster38Acalled Bbegged Casked Dthanked39Aappreciated Bneeded Cexpected Dfound40Aenjoyable Bfamiliar Cpeaceful Dneedy第 II 卷（非选择题）四、语法填空阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Young people41(bear) in 1995 or later have another name in English一 Generation Z.Now entering adulthood and soon to join the workforce, Generation Z grew up in a special period of time when technology developed fast and the Internet became42(universe).It 43 (believe) that Generation Z is the generation that is going to shape our future,44 is why policy makers are trying45(he) best to understand these young people. Most people agree that biggest difference between Generation Z and other generations is how connected they are. This is a group of people who have been familiar46social media as soon as they came to the world. It may be true that Generation Z-ers have a shorter attention span(持续时间)47a goldfish does, but since they grew up among social changes, they are more active in48(political).Generation Z-ers are also culture creators.49(grow) up with the Internet has freed this generation from traditional cultural expression. These young people never50(willing) let their creativity be limited by their parents or traditional rules.五、短文改错51假定英语课上老师要求同学们交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有 10 处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（八） ，并在其下面写出该加的词。删除：把多余的词用斜线()划掉。修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；2只允许修改 10 处，多者（从第 11 处起）不计分。When I grow up, Ill work with animals. Though I dont know exactly how I can do for the animals yet, I can at least to follow my brother. He is a excellent vet. He looks after frightened snakes. He says that snakes are easy to deal as they dont have any legs. My father, a scientist, works to save rarely birds, some of that are really clever and can even say some words. My mother trains dolphins every workday. They practise in the pool. She hears the dolphins talk and sang. That sounds really cool! There are so many animal job to choose from, but which one is right for them? Ill have to wait and see!六、开放性作文52假定你是李华，你的美国笔友 Peter 对央视一套推出的节目“经典咏流传” (Everlasting Classics)很感兴趣，请你用英语写一封电子邮件告知该节目己结束，并邀请他来北京旅游，体验中国传统文化。1. 活动安排（涵览中国名胜；参观南锣古巷：四合院，美食；） 。2. 推荐理由。参考词汇：南锣古巷 Nanluogu Lane 四合院 Siheyuan注意：1.词数 100 左右；2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。_第二次诊断模拟考试英 语 答 案1 C 2 B 3 A 【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。本文主要介绍了几个可以被人工智能和机器人自动操作的工作。1细节理解题。第一段最后一句“Applications like Googles Word Lens can translate words from signs and documents in real time and there are a lot of translation apps that allow you to type in a word or phrase and will translate it for you ”可知 Googles Word Lens 可以进行实时翻译，故选 C。2细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句“The booths probably cant handle customer service problems well，so televideo systems could bring in an office employee to deal with complaints ”可知我们从第二部分可以了解到，服务问题不能被自动处理，故选 B。3词义猜测题。根据下文“Low-cost sensors combined with high availability cellularsatellite communications and cloud technology are being started to automate and alarm these sites，and can be checked and maintained from a desktop or mobile device ”可知机器可以取代人力，故可以推断出 New advances in the Internet of Things could make this work obsolete这句话的意思是互联网新的改进，可以使得这项工作被废弃。故划线部分单词意思为“废弃” ，A. Abandoned 废弃的；遗弃的；B. Welcome 欢迎的；C. Forbidden 被禁止的；D. Efficient 高效率的。故选 A。4 C 5 A 6 B 7 B 【解析】【分析】这是一篇记叙文。记述了一架飞机因为一侧引擎失灵而必须迫降在高速公路上，而一位当时位于高速路上的消防队队长 Frank Pisano极力营救他人的故事。4词义猜测题。根据后文“Frank Pisano screamed over the microphone to the air control tower at the airportOne of the two engines on his plane had failed”可知 Frank Pisano 在麦克风上呼叫的原因是他飞机上有一个引擎失灵了，故可以推测他是在呼救，故划线部分单词意思应为“求救” ，故选 A。5细节理解题。第一段第二句“One of the two engines on his plane had failed，and he was now going down towards one of the busiest highways in America”可知他准备降落在高速路上的原因是飞机上有一个引擎失灵了，故选 A。6细节理解题。7主旨大意题。第三段第四句“He was unhurt，and his car had received only a large scratch”可知 Meffert 没有受伤，他的车也只是被刮了一个大口子，车没有完全被破坏，故选 B。8 D 9 B 10 C 11 B 【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。主要讲述了塑料污染对海洋导致的影响。8细节理解题。根据第一段第三句：And Julie Andersen of the Plastic Oceans Foundation says what we see is just the tip of the problem可知，塑料对海洋的污染比我们所看到的更严重，故选D。9词义猜测题。根据 The pieces of the plastic garbage infect the food chain，sometimes visibly，and more so at the microscopic level，where the plastic particles interact with other pollutants“There are heavy metals，medicines，industrial waste in the sea，while it acts like magnets（磁铁） 可知，塑料垃圾碎片在微观层面感染食物链，有时是明显的，塑料颗粒与其他污染物相互作用海洋中有重金属，药物，工业废物，使其像磁铁一样it 指代的是塑料颗粒。故选B。10推理判断题。根据 But Andersen says there is more that people can do“Cut back on single-use plastics，straws，plastic cups，plastic water bottles，plastic bags and find alternatives like reusable materials “She says healthy oceans are essential to our survival可知，安德森对于解决塑料问题所做的工作不满意。故选 C。11主旨大意题。阅读全文，根据文章内容可知，本文主要讲述了塑料污染海洋灾害。故选 B。12 A 13 C 14 C 15 B 【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了几个与“风暴”有