八年级定语从句专项讲解谭海迪.ppt

TheAttributiveClause 定语从句 主要要点 定语从句的定义定语从句的作用和结构定语从句引导词的作用定语从句专项练习 定语从句的定义 1 在复合句中 修饰某一个名词或代词 或修饰整个主句的从句叫做定语从句 它位于被修饰的词后面 其作用相当于一个形容词 2 如何区分定语从句 简单句aredcoat定语 作coat的定语 起限定的作用 定语从句复合句Ihaveacoatwhichisred定语从句 来限定说明coat 先行词关系词 包括关系代词和关系副词 定语从句的作用和结构 1 定语从句必须有先行词 并尽量靠近先行词 Doyouknoweverybodywhocametotheparty ThisistheplacewhereChairmanMaooncelived 2 在定语从句中 引导定语从句的关联词有关系代词和关系副词 关联词在先行词和定语从句之间起纽带作用 使二者联系起来 关系代词和关系副词又在定语从句中充当一个成分 关系代词做主语 宾语 定语 关系副词做状语 3主要的关系代词who whom whose 关系副词有why where when 关系代词who whom的用法who和whom均只用于指人 不用于指事或物 其中who在定语从句中用作主语 whom在定语从句中用作宾语 如 Imetagirlwhoknewyoursister 我碰到一个认识你姐姐的姑娘 InBerlin hefirstmetthewomanwhomhewouldonedaymarry 在柏林 他第一次遇见那个女人 后来他终于跟她结了婚 但是 用作宾语的whom如果不是紧跟在介词之后 通常会被省略或用who that代之 如 ThepersontowhomIcomplainedisthemanager 我向他投诉的那个人是经理 Theperson who whom that Icomplainedtoisthemanager 我向他投诉的那个人是经理 关系代词的作用 关系代词whose的用法关系代词whose既可用于指人 也可用于指事或物 它在定语从句中主要用作定语 如 Sheisthewomanwhosecarwasstolen 她就是汽车被盗的Thisisthehousewhosewindowswerebroken 这就是窗户被打破了的房子 Mrs Gray whosechildrenareincollege istryingtogetajob 格雷太太的孩子们都在上大学 她想找一份工作 Hishouse whosewindowswereallbroken wasadepressingsight 他的房子窗户无一完好 一派令人心酸的景象 关系代词which的用法 which 只用于指事或物 不用于指人 它在定语从句中主要用作主语或宾语 如 1 Shewasnotonthetrainwhicharrivedjustnow 她不在刚才到达的那列火车上 2 Henevergotbackthemoneywhichhehadlenthim 他从未收回他曾借给他的那笔钱 which在引导定语从句 作宾语是可以省略 Isthisthebook which youarelookingfor lookfor寻找 这是你要找的书吗 关系代词that用法 一 指人的用法that用于指人 在定语从句中可用作主语 宾语或表语 如 Adriverthathasknockedsomeonedownmuststop 撞人的司机必须停车 Heisthemanthatyouhavebeenlookingfor 他就是你要找的那个人 Heisnotthatmanthathewas 他已不是过去的他了 二 指物的用法that用于指物 在定语从句中可用作主语 宾语或表语 如 ThisistheplanethatwillflytoTokyointheafternoon 这是下午要飞往东京的那架飞机 ShewasannoyedbysomethingthatIhadsaid 她为我说的某句话而不高兴 Shengzhenisnotthecitythatitusedtobe 深圳现在已不是原来的那个城市了 1 当先行词是anything everything nothing something除外 few all none little some等代词时 或者是由every any all some no little few much each等修饰时 1 Haveyoutakendowneverything that Mr Lihassaid 2 Thereseemstobenothing that seemsimpossibleforhimintheworld 3 Allthatcanbedonehasbeendone 4 Thereislittle that Icandoforyou 注意1 部分时候that可以省略 如部分例句将that用括号括住 注意2 当先行词指人时 偶尔也可以用who 4 Anymanthat whohasasenseofdutywon tdosuchathing 只能用that的地方 2 当先行词被序数词修饰ThefirstplacethattheyvisitedinLondonwastheBigBen 3 当先行词被形容词最高级修饰时ThisisthebestfilmthatIhaveseen 4 当形容词被thevery theonly thesame thelast any little等修饰时 1 ThisistheverygooddictionarythatIwanttobuy 2 Afterthefireinhishouse theoldcaristheonlythingthatheowned 当先行词指人时 偶尔也可以用who 3 WangHuaistheonlypersoninourschoolwhowillattendthemeeting 5 当先行词前面有who which等疑问代词时 1 Whoisthemanthatisstandingthere 2 WhichistheT shirtthatfitsmemost 6 当先行词既有人 也有动物或者物体时Canyourememberthescientistandhistheorythatwehavelearned 7 当关系代词在定语从句中做表语Thevillageisnolongertheonethatitusedtobe10yearsago 8 当在therebe句型中 通常情况下用that 不用which 不用that的情况 a 在引导非限定性定语从句时 错 Thetree thatisfourhundredyearsold Isveryfamoushere b 介词后不能用 Wedependonthelandfromwhichwegetourfood Wedependonthelandthat whichwegetourfoodfrom 关系副词 关系副词 在句中作状语关系副词 介词 关系代词why forwhichwhere in at on which 介词同先行词搭配 when during on in which 介词同先行词搭配 when指时间 在定语从句中做时间状语也可做连接词用 1 IstillrememberthedaywhenIfirstcametotheschool 2 Thetimewhenwegottogetherfinallycame where指地点 在定语从句中做地点状语 1 ShanghaiisthecitywhereIwasborn 2 ThehousewhereIlivedtenyearsagohasbeenpulleddown why指原因 在定语从句中做原因状语 1 Pleasetellmethereasonwhyyoumissedtheplane 2 Idon tknowthereasonwhyhelooksunhappytoday 注意 关系副词引导的从句可以由 介词 关系代词 引导的从句替换 1 Thereasonwhy forwhichherefusedtheinvitationisnotclear 2 Fromtheyearwhen inwhichhewasgoingtoschoolhebegantoknowwhathewantedwhenhegrewup Exercise1 用关系代词填空 Theboy isplayingping pongismyclassmate Thee mail Ireceivedyesterdaywasfrommysister Ihatepeople talkmuchbutdolittle Thecar myfatherboughtlastmonthisverybeautiful who that which that who that which that 5 Theman hairiswhiteishisgrandfather 6 Isthereastudent fatherisabusinessman 7 Thisisthehousein wehavelivedfor10years 8 I veneverheardofthepeopleandthings youtalkedaboutjustnow whose whose which that 当先行词同时指人和物时 关系代词只能用that Exercise2 Myfatherandhisteachertalkedalotaboutthepersonsandthings theycouldn tremember Sayall youknow Isthereanything Icandoforyou that that that 当先行词是something anything nothing all等词时 关系代词只能用that 4 Thisisthefirstplay IhaveseensinceIcamehere 5 Thisisthebestnovel Ihaveread that that 当先行词被序数词 最高级等词修饰时 关系代词只能用that 6 Whoisthegirl isstandingunderthetree 7 Whichisthemachine weusedlastSunday 当主句是who或which引导的特殊疑问句 而中心词指人或物时 关系代词只能用that that that Jacksawabicycleadvertisementinanewspaper Thepricewas68dollars Sohewenttotheshopandaskedtoseethebicycle Thesalesmanwashappytoshowhim Jackcheckedthebicyclecarefully Soon hesaid Thereisn talamponthisbicycle buttherewasoneonthebicycleinthead Yes sir answeredtheman butthelampisn tincludedinthepriceofthebicycle Notincludedinthepriceofthebicycle Jacksaidangrily butthelampwasinthead Itshouldbeintheprice Well sir answertheshopownercoldly therewasalsoagirlonthebicycleinthead butwecan tgiveyouagirlwiththebicycle either Itisanad Jackisaperson Thebicycleintheadistheone Aguessingcompetition It saninventionwhichisusedforkeepingofftherain 飘 It sabookthatwaswrittenbyMargaretMitchell Gonewiththewind It stheWallthatwasbuiltbyChinesepeople It sananimalthat which Matchthetwosentences1 I mreadingabook ThebookisaboutBillGates 2 Heisateacher TheteacherteachesusChinese 3 Idon tliketheman Heissmoking 4 Whereisthepicture Youboughtitlastweek I mreadingabookthat whichisaboutBillGates Heisateacherwho thatteachesusChinese Idon tlikethemanwhoissmoking Whereisthepicturethatyouboughtlastweek 1 Theperson youshouldwritetoisMrBall 2 Theteacherfrom IlearntmostwasMrsZhu 3 Therunner youareaskingaboutisoverthere 4 Thegirl youarelookingforisintheclassroom 5 Themeeting weshalltakepartinwillbeheldinahotel 6 Thefactory Iworkedinforovertwoyearshasbeenclosed 7 Theairport is30kilometresawayistheonlyoneinthecity8 Theperson wontheracewasawomanfromSichuan who whom who whom who whom that which that who Discussing Topic1 Whatkindofteacherdoyoulike Topic2 Whatkindofbookswouldyouliketoread Topic3 Whatkindofclassmatedoyoulike Topic4 Whatkindofstudentsdoyouthinktheteacherslikebest Thehousethattheybuiltitin1987stayedupintheearthquake Iwillneverforgetthepoorboywhohavenoarms Wehavedoneeverythingwhichcanbedone HeistheonlymanwhoIknowinthecity Ihavebeentotheparkwhichtherearealotofflowers TheparkwheretheoldpeopleusuallygotoiscalledZhongshanpark Jimaskedthatwhowon Look ThetreewhereJackisclimbingisquitetall 改错 在学习定语从句时常会出现以下的错句 Thankyouverymuch