2019年高考英语阅读理解一轮练10含解析.doc

2019年高考英语阅读理解一轮练（10）AAfter a year of examining studies concerning whether homework is effective, NYC P.S. 116 elementary school decided that math worksheets and essay assignments were actually a waste of time. In February, Principal Jane Hsu sent a letter to parents stating that the Pre-K through fifth grade students would not be given any traditional homework to encourage kids to have free time for reading, playing outside, or doing activities they enjoy.The negative effects of homework have been well established, Hsu wrote in a note to parents. They include: childrens frustration and exhaustion, lack of time for other activities and family time and, sadly for many, loss of interest in learning.Some parents, however, disagree with the policy change, believing that a lack of focus will cause children to fall behind. Homework has been part of education from the beginning, and has increased in volume in recent years.Hsus advice that children should read and spend time with their families has upset some parents to the point of considering pulling their children out of P.S. 116. This group feels that homework assignments give children a goal to work toward. Others feel so strongly about the importance of homework that they have begun giving their own homework assignments to their children.An Australian Childhood Foundation survey found that 71% of Australian parents feel they do not spend enough quality time with their children mainly because of the time spent running the household or the time spent helping with homework. Education experts in Australia are saying that parents should stop helping. Doing so will give kids more independence, will give parents more free time, and will help reduce the number of homework-induced arguments in the family.While some research suggests that homework has little academic benefit for elementary students, other research shows homework can help kids develop independence, and confidence. It can also contribute to a sense of belonging or control over their lives. When parents try to help their children with homework, the assistance can take away that feeling and can also drain already exhausted working parents.1.Cancelling traditional homework is aimed at _.A. allowing students to learn on their ownB. inspiring students to spend more time with parentsC. wishing students to seek self-developmentD. motivating students to help with housework2.What can be concluded from the 1st and 2nd paragraph?A. Jane Hsu is the first principal to cancel homework.B. Jane Hsu has done thorough research on homework.C. Jane Hsu paid little attention to students academic records.D. Jane Hsu knows students prefer activities to their subjects.3.Why are some parents strongly against Principal Jane Hsu?A. They have no time to give their children homework.B. They dont think the school is responsible for their kids.C. They are afraid their kids will fall behind.D. They dislike their kids doing too many activities.4.What is the authors attitude to parents helping kids with homework?A. Supportive.B. Indifferent.C. Ironic.D. Negative.【文章大意】这是一篇议论文，文章对是否应该给小学生布置家庭作业进行了论述。 1.C 【解析】考查细节理解。依据第一段末尾的.to encourage kids to have free time for reading, playing outside, or doing activities they enjoy可知，这所学校取消数学和作文这类家庭作业是为了让孩子们有更多的时间读书，在户外玩耍或者参加自己喜欢的活动，由此可推知这个学校希望学生们寻求自我发展。2.B 【解析】考查推理判断。根据第一段中的After a year of examining studies concerning whether homework is effective以及第二段的内容可知，校长对此做了全面的调查。4.D 【解析】考查观点态度。依据文章尾段中的When parents try to help their children with homework, the assistance can take away that feeling and can also drain already exhausted working parents可推知，对于家长在作业上帮助孩子的问题，作者持有否定的看法。B(2015乌鲁木齐诊断)You signed up for soccer, and played every game of the season.Sure, youre not the best player on the team, but most days you gave it your all.Do you deserve a trophy(奖杯)?If the decision is up to Carol Dweck, the answer would likely be no.Shes a psychology professor at Stanford University, California.She says a player doesnt have to be the best to get a trophy.But those who receive an award should have to work for it.She suggests trophies go to the most improved player，or the one who contributed most to the team spirit，as well as to those who play the best.“The trophy has to stand for something，”Dweck told TFK.“If we give a trophy to everyone，then the award has no value.”Dweck argues that giving kids trophies for particular reasons，such as improving in a sport，teaches kids that adults value hard work and trying our best.Others say that theres no harm in giving awards to all kids who play a sport，regardless of how they played or whether or not they improved. “I think we should encourage kids participation in sports，” says Kenneth Barish, a psychology professor at Weill Cornell Medical College, in New York City.“A trophy is one way to encourage kids efforts.”Barish argues that when we single_out only the best or even the most improved players with a trophy, we are teaching kids the wrong lesson.We are sending the message that winning is everything.“Winning is only part of the equation(等式)，” Barish told TFK.“Playing sports also teaches kids about teamwork and the importance of exercise.”There will be plenty of opportunity for kids to learn about petition as they get older, says Barish.Theyll soon realize that only one soccer team wins the World Cup and only one football team wins the Super Bowl.For now, he thinks theres nothing wrong with letting all kids who play a sport feel like winners.That means trophies for everyone.【解题导语】如果孩子参加体育比赛，那么是不是每个人都该得到奖杯呢？文章就这个问题给出了两种不同的看法。1According to Carol Dweck, which player should receive a trophy?ATony, the most attractive player of the soccer team.BDavid, a soccer player who is both clever and funny.CPeter, who is ready to help his partners to score goals.DJim, a soccer player who tries his best to win the game.解析：选C。推理判断题。根据第二段可知，斯坦福大学的心理学教授Carol Dweck认为，获奖的运动员未必是最好的运动员。她认为，进步最大的、对团队精神贡献最多的和表现最佳的运动员都应获奖。故C项正确。2Which of the following statements would Kenneth Barish agree with? AThere is no sense in giving a trophy to everyone. BKids fond of playing sports should be rewarded. CKids should be given trophies for trying their best. DIt is necessary to encourage kids participation in sports.解析：选D。细节理解题。根据第五段可知，纽约市威尔康乃尔医学院的心理学教授Kenneth Barish认为，我们应该鼓励孩子参加体育活动。颁发奖杯就是一种激励方式。3The underlined phrase “single out” in Paragraph 6 probably means “_”AhonourBchooseCvalue Dstress解析：选B。词义猜测题。根据第六段可知，Barish认为，当我们挑选出最佳球员或进步最大的球员并授予他们奖杯的时候，我们给孩子传递了一个错误的信号：获胜就是一切。因此画线的短语“single out”意为“挑出”。4Which shows the correct structure of the text?解析：选B。文章结构题。本文的第一段为导语，导入讨论的话题。第二、三段陈述了斯坦福大学的心理学教授Carol Dweck的主要观点：反对人人获奖。下文(第四段至第七段)陈述的是纽约市威尔康乃尔医学院的心理学教授Kenneth Barish的观点，即赞成人人获奖。因此B项清晰地展示了本文的结构。CTogether. 35 years.Alvin Ailey American Dance TheaterThey make you sway. With a dance form all their own. Originating as an intimate, innovative dance pany, it has evolved into an international force. Taking the spirit of AfricanAmerican culture and translating it into dance and munity programs for more than 35 years. A heritage of bringing together a repertoire of Ailey classics and great dance masterpieces along with exciting new works by emerging artists. Modern Vibrant. Athletic. Colorful. Involving. Because it is dance in step with the people. Part of the neighborhood, their pulse beatsbeatsbeats of life. Lifting spirits. Able to leap tall buildings in a single bound. Pirouetting the globe. Soaring, moving as one, moving dance into the future. Join Philip Morris in its 12th year of supporting Alvin Ailey American Dance Theater. And celebrate the achievement of the Ailey past as they boldly step forward. (from .nmet168.)1. What does the advertisement ask people to do?A. To see a play.B. To watch a match.C. To ball there.D. To see Philip Morris.2. How is the pany?A. Modern and involving. B. Intimate and innovative.C. Athletic and colorful.D. Vibrant and innovative.3. What does Alvin Ailey American Dance Theater hold this activity for?A. To develop the spirit of AfricanAmerican culture.B. To leap tall buildings in a single bound.C. To pirouette the globe.D. To celebrate the achievement of the Ailey past.【答案与解析】1. C 推理判断题。根据文章倒数第 2 句 Join Philip Morris in its 12th year of supporting Alvin Ailey American Dance Theater 可知答案选 C。2. B 事实细节题。根据文章第 3 段第 2 句 Originating as an intimate, innovative dance pany 可知答案选 B。3. D 事实细节题。根据文章最后一句 And celebrate the achievement of the Ailey past as they boldly step forward 可知，答案选 D。D(2015辽宁省实验中学一模)Three decades ago，Steve McCurry took arguably the most famous picture of all time.Yet even after all this time，the photographer is filled with enthusiasm when he talks about Afghan Girl.“I knew she had an incredible look，a sharp gaze，”he recalls.“It was before digital camera and with the big crowd and dust all around，you never knew what would happen with the film.When I developed the picture，I knew it was special.I showed it to the editor of the National Geographic，and he jumped to his feet and shouted，Thats our next cover”Not only did Afghan Girl bee the magazines next cover，but the most successful in its distinguished history.The striking portrait of 12yearold Sharbat Gula，in a refugee camp，was taken in December 1984 and published the following year.When McCurry reflects upon its popularity，what excites him most is the impact that this single image has had on the real world. “People volunteered to work in the refugee camps because of that photograph，”he says.“Afghans are incredibly proud of it，as the girl is poor but shows great pride，strong will and selfrespect.It drew attention to their poor situation，and inspired a lot of people.” It also led the National Geographic to set up the Afghan Childrens Fundand meant that to this day，McCurry is never charged a fare by appreciative Afghan taxi drivers.The portrait forms the centerpiece of a major exhibition of McCurrys work，which opened recently in Monza，Italy，and will run until 6 April.The famous photograph is just one of thousands of extraordinary pictures that McCurry has taken over a 40year career，during which he has won dozens of awards.For many years，frontline war photography like this was McCurrys stock in trade.Indeed，it enabled him to make his name.【解题导语】本文是一篇记叙文。摄影师McCurry拍摄的一张照片Afghan Girl自从发表以来就在社会上引起了强烈的反响，这也是他所拍摄的有关战争题材的照片中最好的一张。1What do we know about Afghan Girl?AIt has been influential since published. BIt is the star of an old film.CIt is a famous painting in a magazine.DIt first came out in 1984.解析：选A。细节理解题。根据第三段第一句“Not only did Afghan Girl bee the magazines next cover，but the most successful in its distinguished history.”和第四段中“excites him most is the impact that this single image has had on the real world”可知，Afghan Girl这张照片自发表以来一直在产生着巨大的影响。故选A。B、C两项显然不对；根据第三段最后一句中“was taken in December 1984 and published the following year”可知，照片在1985年发表，故D项错误。2How does McCurry feel about Afghan Girl?AUncertain.BInterested.CRegretful. DProud.解析：选D。推理判断题。根据第一段第二句“Yet even after all this time，the photographer is filled with enthusiasm when he talks about Afghan Girl.”并结合下文所描述的Afghan Girl引起的巨大的社会反响可推知，McCurry为Afghan Girl感到自豪。故选D。 3.Which of the following is NOT mentioned as the impact of the picture?AIt inspired people to do volunteer work.BIt set off more terrorist attacks in the world.CPeople are more aware of Afghans situation.DAfghan Childrens Fund was set up.解析：选B。细节理解题。根据第五段第一句“People volunteered to work in the refugee camps because of that photograph.”可知，A项在文中提到了；根据第五段第三句“It drew attention to their poor situation，and inspired a lot of people.”可知，C项在文中提到了；根据第五段第四句“It also led the National Geographic to set up the Afghan Childrens Fund.”可知，D项也在文中提到了。B项在文中没有提到。故选B。4What can we infer from the text?AMcCurry can enjoy free tours in the world.BThe picture was taken using a digital camera.CThe image was probably taken at wartime.DExhibitions will be held around the world.解析：选C。推理判断题。根据第三段最后一句“The striking portrait of 12yearold Sharbat Gula，in a refugee camp，was taken.”以及最后一段倒数第二句“For many years，frontline war photography like this was McCurrys stock in trade.”可推知，这张照片可能拍摄于战争期间。故选C。EWhen Shakespeare was twenty-one,he went to London,a very interesting place,to try his fortune.There were the famous London Bridge and St.Pauls Cathedral,and palaces and markets and long streets full of shops.Then,too,there were the daily crowds where could be seen people from all over the world.Knights,scholars and highwaymen(拦路强盗) or thieves who had been infamous for their clever robberies,passed by each other.Here,also,were noblemen dressed in gold,from Italy,Spain and France;slaves from Spanish America,sea captains and ministers,soldiers and servantsall held by chances or interests within the gray walls which circled London,and whose gates gave wele to as strange a crowd as could be found in the world.Into this curious crowd came Shakespeare,quick to see and eager to learn.And before long all these strange sights were as familiar to him as the faces of his own towns residents.Each one told its story to him so plainly that,as before he had learned the secrets of the fields and woods,so now he learned men and mens interests that make up the great world.And he learned these lessons so well that when he came to write his plays,he made such use of them as no writer ever made before or since;for it is the use of this knowledge of the world,bined with his own genius,that makes Shakespeare the greatest dramatist that has ever lived.1.What was London like in Shakespeares eyes when he first went there?A.Dirty and small.B.Strange and interesting.C.Infamous and terrible.D.Familiar and modern.答案:B解析:细节理解题。根据第一段中的“averyinterestingplace”和第五段中的“allthesestrangesights”可知,在Shakespeare的眼中,伦敦是一个有趣而陌生的城市,即B项正确。2.Which of the following best describes Shakespeare?A.Shakespeare got inspiration to write from his hometown,London.B.Shakespeare was eager to make friends with the noblemen in London.C.Shakespeare was good at observing and learning from daily life.D.Shakespeare became the greatest dramatist owing to his own genius.答案:C解析:推理判断题。根据第五段可知,Shakespeare来到伦敦不久之后,通过观察和学习了解了伦敦,并适应了那里的生活,由此可推断出,Shakespeare擅长观察日常生活并从中学习,故C项正确。3.What does the underlined word “one” in Paragraph 5 refer to?A.Crowd.B.Sight.C.Face.D.Resident.答案:B解析:代词指代题。画线词后的“asbeforehehadlearnedthesecretsofthefieldsandwoods”的意思为“正如他以前所学到的田野和树林的秘密那样”,根据这句话可知,one指的是像田野和树林一样的景象,故B项正确。4.The passage probably es from .A.a posterB.a textbookC.an advertisementD.an announcement答案:B解析:推理判断题。本文主要讲述了莎士比亚到伦敦的经历,所以这篇文章最有可能出现在一本教材中,故B项正确。