资源描述
Module 5Great People and Great Inventions of Ancient China.单词语境记忆1.a woman of high position身居高位的妇女2.an official who would like to resign 想辞职的官员3.crowded conditions 拥挤的环境4.be against the principle 违背原则5.follow his teachings 遵循他的教导6.his idea of love 他仁爱的观点7.be made of black leather 由黑色皮革制成8.feel smooth and soft 感到光滑柔软9.for lack of fuel 因缺乏燃料10.three monks living in the temple 住在庙里的三个和尚.词性转换与派生记忆1.stress vt.强调n.强调；压力；重读2.adviser n.顾问advise v.建议advice n.建议3.justice n.公正just adj.公正的4.order n.秩序orderly adj.有序的5.equal adj.平等的equality n.平等6.importance n.重要；重要性important adj.重要的7.influential adj.有影响的influence n.& v.影响8.honesty n.诚实honest adj.诚实的9.contribution n.贡献contribute v.贡献10.invent vt.发明invention n.发明inventor n.发明家11.argument n.争论；辩论；议论argue v.争论；争辩12.freedom n.自由free adj.自由的；空闲的；免费的13.philosophy n.哲学philosopher n.哲学家14.thinker n.思想家think vt.想；认为15.kindness n.善良kind adj.善良的联想记忆1.含名词后缀ance单词一览appearance n. 外貌；出现；露面performance n. 表演；演出ignorance n. 无知；愚昧perseverance n. 坚持不懈resemblance n. 相像2.含y结尾单词荟萃honesty n. 诚实difficulty n. 困难discovery n. 发现modesty n. 谦虚，虚心delivery n. 投递；交付；交货bravery n. 勇敢3.学会使用“命令，指示”mand n.& v. 命令；指挥order n.& v. 命令；秩序；次序direction n. 指示；用法说明instruction n. 指令；指示4.名词后缀ness大观园kindness 善良blindness 盲目darkness 黑暗weakness 虚弱loneliness 寂寞短语背诵1.be at war with与交战2.be proud of/take pride in 为自豪3.for the first time 第一次4.bee interested in 对感兴趣5.bring up 养育；抚养；提出；呕吐6.in conclusion 总之7.agree with 同意；与相符；适合(某人)词块积累1.from state to state周游列国，从一国到另一国2.cause trouble 肇事，闯祸3.follow ones advice 听从某人的建议4.in some ways 在某些方面5.a sense of responsibility 责任感6.be similar to 与相似1.Treat others in the way you want to be treated.己所不欲，勿施于人。2.Mencius believed that the reason why man is different from animals is that man is good.孟子认为人区别于动物的原因就在于人性本善。3.However，we do know that in 1092 AD he invented the first real clock.然而，我们的确知道在公元1092年，他发明了第一个真正的钟表。4.But it was also a time when there were many great philosophers.但那也是一个产生了许多伟大的哲学家的时期。5.Cars were first used at the end of the nineteenth century，and were no faster than a horse.19世纪末时，汽车首次被使用，其速度并不比马跑得快。.单词拼写1.It is against my principle (原则) to tell lies to the teacher just for helping you avoid punishment.2.You should return the books to the shelf after reading to keep them in order (顺序).3.Most air pollution is caused by the burning of fuels (燃料) like coal，gas and oil.4.He resigned (辞职) as manager of this organization at last because he couldnt get along well with other people.5.I promise that I will return your car in good condition (状况) if you can lend it to me.6.Could you point out the position (位置) of your village on the map for us?7.No doubt whoever breaks the justice (公正) of the vote will be punished severely.8.The leather (皮革) coat feels fortable and it costs a lot of money.9.In general，the books in the library are divided into main categories (种类) to be found easily.10.Teenagers are only allowed to drink some soft (柔软的) drinks in many countries of the world.词性变化练习1.Mr Smith is one of the most influential (influence) figures in the field of science and technology.2.They had reached an agreement that they would share the housework equally (equal) before they got married.3.It was not until I was ill that I realized the importance (important) of health.4.As is known，he has made a great contribution (contribute) to the antipoverty project.5.Dont spend too much time on the argument (argue) about how to deal with stupid problems.6.He was considered as one of the greatest inventors (invent) due to his achievements.7.If you want to improve the quality of our products，you had better get a technical adviser (advise) to help us.8.Every teacher should improve his/her teaching (teach) method in order to make students get better education.9.She preferred to believe in Jack，for his honesty (honest) impressed her deeply.10.My parents have stressed (stress) that kindness and independence are important in my growth.选词填空bring up，be proud of，for the first time，be similar to，in conclusion，be at war with，agree with，bee interested in1.His country was_at_war_with some other countries when he studied abroad.2.Jack was brought_up in a poor family，which contributed a lot to his great determination.3.I was amazed to see many surprising things in Shanghai for I came here for_the_first_time.4.Absolutely，she is_proud_of her son who has got his Doctors degree from Harvard University.5.I have known you became_interested_in Chinese literature the moment you arrived in China，so I bought these books for you.6.In_conclusion，we should thank all the workers who have been working so hard all the time.7.My teaching style is_similar_to that of most other teachers.8.I cannot agree_with you on this point.完成句子1.WeChat has changed the_way_(that/in_which)_we_make_friends.微信已经改变了我们的交友方式。2.The_reason_why_I_asked_for_three_days_off_is_that my sick mother needed my care.我请假三天的原因是我生病的母亲需要我的照顾。3.He does_enjoy listening to classical music.他的确喜欢听古典音乐。4.There was a_time_when I hated to go to school.曾经有一段时间我讨厌上学。5.In my opinion，he is no_more_hardworking_than his brother.依我看，他和他的弟弟一样都不努力。 核心要点突破1.equal adj.平等的；相等的；胜任的 v.等于；抵得上(1)equal.with.把与等同equal sb/sth in (doing) sth 在(做)某事方面比得过/敌得过某人/物(2)be equal to (doing) sth 等于；能胜任(做)某事be equal with 与平等without equal 无与伦比(3)equality n. 相等；平等equally adv. 相等地；平等地单句语法填空Learning to deal with the social world is equally (equal) important.In fact，when it es to the art of war，ants are without equal.佳句背诵 Though he is equal to them in height，no one can equal him in playing basketball.尽管他和他们的身高相同，但在打篮球方面无人能与他匹敌。2.stress n.强调；压力；重音 vt.强调；施压于；使紧张(1)under stress在压力之下put/lay/place stress on sth 强调某事物stress the importance of 强调的重要性(2)stressful adj. 有压力的(指物)stressed adj. 有压力的(指人)单句语法填空/一句多译The life of a high school student is usually active，exciting and full of fun，but it can be stressful (stress) sometimes.英语老师们经常强调大声朗读的重要性。The English teachers always stress_the_importance_of reading aloud.The English teachers always put/lay/place_stress_on_the_importance_of reading aloud.佳句背诵 What I want to stress is that our group is looking for new members right now.(2018天津高考书面表达)我想强调的是我们小组现在正在寻找新成员。3.condition n.状况；条件；环境(1)living/housing/working conditions生活/住房/工作条件under.conditions 在条件下(2)be in good/bad/poor condition 状况良好/恶劣out of condition 身体不适(3)on condition (that). 在条件下；倘若on no condition 决不(放于句首时，句子需部分倒装)单句语法填空/句型转换Ill let you use my bike on condition that you return it tomorrow.China will never be the first to use nuclear weapons.On_no_condition will China be the first to use nuclear weapons.佳句背诵 The picture reminds me of those who succeed in unfavorable conditions.(北京高考书面表达)这幅画使我想起了那些在逆境中成功的人。名师指津 condition表示“(工作、生活或住房等)条件”时，通常要用复数形式；而表示“状况”时，则为不可数名词。4.bring up养育；抚养；提出；呕吐一词多义 写出下列句中bring up的含义Brought up in a big city，he found it quite difficult to fit in with the countryside.抚养 He was drunk and brought up what he had eaten at midnight.呕吐 Born into a family with three brothers，David was brought up to value the sense of sharing.养育 He brought up a practical plan in the meeting，which brought down the cost of production.提出bring about引起；产生；导致；带来bring sth back 使某物恢复；带回某物；使想起某事bring down 让降下来；使倒下bring in 引入；赚(钱)bring out 使显现出；阐明；出版；生产bring sth back to life 使恢复生机单句语法填空The great damage which the earthquake brought about made many people homeless or lose their lives.Our government has taken measures to bring down the prices of daily goods to keep the market stable.佳句背诵 Working with the medical team in Africa has brought out the best in her as a doctor.(2017江苏高考单选)在非洲与医疗队的合作使她作为一名医生的最佳素质彰显了出来。5.the reason why.is that.Mencius believed that the reason why man is different from animals is that man is good.(教材原句)孟子认为人区别于动物的原因就在于人性本善。believed后面是that引导的宾语从句，从句中使用了“the reason why.is that.”句式，意为“的原因是”其中why引导的是定语从句；is之后的that引导的是表语从句。(1)reason用作先行词时，首先判断定语从句中缺什么成分，如果缺状语，则要使用关系副词why或for which引导定语从句，why有时可省略；如果缺主语或宾语，则使用关系代词that/which引导定语从句，在定语从句中作宾语时可省略(2)the reason后接同位语从句解释其内容时，用引导词thatThe only reason why I came was that I wanted to meet your friends.我来这儿唯一的原因是想见你的朋友们。The reason for the party is that its Sues birthday.Is this the reason that/which he explained at the meeting for his carelessness in his work?6.the way作先行词Treat others in the way you want to be treated.(教材原句)己所不欲，勿施于人。句中“the way”作先行词，“you want to be treated”为省略关系词的定语从句。(1)way表示“方式；方法”时，其后常接in which或that引导的定语从句，也可以将关系词in which或that省略掉，此时关系词在从句中作状语(2)way后接定语从句时，如果关系词在从句中作主语或宾语则用关系代词that/which，作宾语时还可以省略(3)way表示“方式；方法”时，其后还可接不定式或of doing sth形式Yet in modern society somebody has to do ordinary jobs such as cleaning streets because this is the way(that/in which) society is organized.(广东高考书面表达)然而在现代社会有些人不得不做普通的工作，例如扫街，因为这是社会组织的方式。The way that/which came up at the meeting was unpractical.Specialists can e up with new ways to_solve (solve) the problem of air pollution. 考纲词汇专练.多义词专练写出下列句中order的含义n.秩序；次序；命令；订购；点的饭菜vt.命令；订购；点(饭菜)1.Ordered over a week ago，the books are expected to arrive any time now.(2016北京高考)订购 2.Without even seeing the menu，I knew Id be ordering every tomato on it.(全国卷)点(饭)菜 3.“Go up to your room.Now，” he ordered him.命令 4.The books are out of order.Please put them in order.次序 .微阅读写出加黑词汇在语境中的意义1.What is the treatment for this condition？疾病 2.Time is money，but that principle means different things for different types of restaurants.(2018江苏高考)原则3.Another argument against television is that it replaces reading as a form of entertainment.(广东高考)辩论；议论 .微完形根据语境选出合适的词语1.If you feel _ by responsibilities at work，you should take a step back and identify (识别) those of greater and less _.Then，handle the most important tasks first so youll feel a real sense of achievement.Leaving the less important things until tomorrow is often acceptable.A.proud B.influentialC.stressed D.happyA.impression B.honestyC.justice D.importance答案CD2.Tom holds a senior _ in a large pany and he is equal to his job.He always stresses the importance of honesty and order in the work.He makes such a great _ that he bees one of the influential figures in the pany.A.position B.environmentC.status D.roleA.additions B.sacrificesC.changes D.contribution答案AD.在空白处填入1个适当的单词或所给单词的正确形式热考常考1.He is under stress because he has too many reports to look through.2.He resigned (resign) last year because of ill health.3.Tom has a(n) argument (argue) with his neighbor about a tree in his garden.4.He is a very influential (influence) man in the pany，so everyone would like to follow his advice.5.As we all know，there are four important inventions (invent) in ancient China.6.In conclusion，I really appreciate the protection you provided for me.7.As far as Im concerned，I learn English not only because of its importance (important) but also because of my love for it.8.If you get too stressed (stress) at work，give yourself an hour of silence each day.9.The citizen has made great contributions (contribute) to protecting the environment.10.It is evident that the boy has impressed all the employers with his honesty (honest).用所给动词的正确形式填空不规则变化1.The boy，brought (bring) up in the countryside，has a strong interest in the colourful city life.2.During the Industrial Revolution，thousands of people left (leave) the countryside to work in the city.3.Mozi taught (teach) that we should love all human beings.He hated the idea of war.4.When he saw (see) the ruler was not following his advice，he resigned.根据语境选出加黑词的正确含义熟词生义1.When I know all the facts，I will be in a position to give you advice.A 2.The serious pollution was fuel to the plaint and anger of the public.C.阅读理解AAcpanied by his fish hawks (鱼鹰) in a small boat，Song Shuzhi set out in the early morning to fish in Mata Lake，Huantai county in Shandong province.On this occasion，the birds brought in nearly 25 kilograms of fish.“I can get more than 100 yuan from todays harvest，” the 70yearold man said.“They did a good job.”To reward his feathered friends，Song untied the nooses (套索) from around their necks and allowed them to fly back to the lake to catch their own breakfast.“The noose prevents them from swallowing the fish they catch while they are working，” he said.About 20 minutes after setting them loose，Song called the fish hawks back to his boat using a special signal that he has developed.Song lives in the village near Mata Lake.Three decades ago，almost every family in his village fished with fish hawks.“Our family has fished with fish hawks for at least 100 years.But as the fish decreased and young people left to work outside of our village，fishing with fish hawks has almost disappeared.”Song quitted fishing for a few years during the 1990s due to serious pollution of the lake.Since 2012，the local government has spent 430 million yuan restoring the ecology of Mata Lake and it has regained its vitality (生机) once more.Fish hawks can live for up to 25 years and Song thinks of his birds as his children.“Its hard to raise fish hawks.Young people like jobs in cities where they can earn much more than they could by fishing，” he said.“I will fish with my fish hawks for as long as I can.It is a technique my ancestors handed down to me and it doesnt produce any pollution.”【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。山东老人坚持用鱼鹰捕鱼，传承祖先留下的技艺。1How did Song Shuzhi reward his fish hawks?AHe let them be free for some days.BHe gave them some fish they had caught.CHe allowed them to catch fish for their own.DHe destroyed the nooses around their necks.答案C细节理解题。根据第二段“To reward his feathered friends.their own breakfast.”可知，为了奖励鱼鹰，Song解开鱼鹰脖子上的套索让它们可以飞回湖中捕鱼自己吃。2What can we know from the passage?AIts very difficult to fish with fish hawks.BIt is not permitted to raise fish hawks now.CYoung people can hardly survive by fishing.DFew people fish with fish hawks now in Mata Lake.答案D细节理解题。 根据第三段“But as the fish decreased.has almost disappeared.”可知，随着湖里鱼的减少以及年轻人离开村子去城里工作，几乎没有人用鱼鹰捕鱼了。3Song quitted fishing for a few years during the 1990s because _Athe lake had been heavily pollutedBhe left his village to work in a big cityCthere was no fish in the lake at that timeDfishing was banned by the local government答案A细节理解题。根据第四段“Song quitted fishing for a few years during the 1990s due to serious pollution of the lake.”可知，因为湖水被严重污染，所以Song在20世纪90年代一度暂停了捕鱼。4According to Song Shuzhi，_Afishing helps him keep healthyBfish hawks are the most important for himCit is environmentalfriendly to fish with fish hawksDyoung people should learn the technique of fishing答案C细节理解题。根据最后一段“I will fish with.produce any pollution.”可知，Song认为用鱼鹰捕鱼不产生任何污染，即环保的。B(2019桐乡高级中学二模)Would it surprise you to learn that，like animals，trees municate with each other and pass on their wealth to the next generation?UBC Professor Simard explains how trees are much more plex than most of us ever imagined.Although Charles Darwin thought that trees are peting for survival of the fittest，Simard shows just how wrong he was.In fact，the opposite is true: trees survive through their cooperation and support，passing around necessary nutrition “depending on who needs it”Nitrogen (氮) and carbon are shared through miles of underground fungi (真菌) networks，making sure that all trees in the forest ecological system give and receive just the right amount to keep them all healthy.This hidden system works in a very similar way to the networks of neurons (神经元) in our brains，and when one tree is destroyed，it affects all.Simard talks about “mother trees”， usually the largest and oldest plants on which all other trees depend.She explains how dying trees pass on the wealth to the next generation，transporting important minerals to young trees so they may continue to grow.When humans cut down “mother trees” with no awareness of these highly plex “tree societies” or the networks on which they feed，we are reducing the chances of survival for the entire forest.“We didnt take any notice of it，” Simard says sadly.“Dying trees move nutrition into the young trees before dying，but we never give them a chance.” If we could put across the message to the forestry industry，we could make a huge difference towards our environmental protection efforts for the future.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了树和树之间不是你死我活的竞争关系，而是相互依赖的互助关系。快要死的树会将自己的营养传给小树让它们更好地成长。如果人们知道这些现象，就可以更好地保护这些树。5What would be the best title for the passage?AOld Trees municate Like HumansBYoung Trees Are In Need Of ProtectionCTrees Are More plex Than You ThinkDTrees Contribute To Our Society答案C标题归纳题。根据第一段和第二段第一句并结合全文内容可知，文章介绍了树和树之间不是你死我活的竞争关系，而是相互依赖的互助关系。快要死的树会将自己的营养传给小树让它们更好地成长，所以树木比我们想象的更复杂。故答案选C。6.We can learn from the passage that _A“mother trees” are usually of no use to other treesBCharles Darwin had the same thought as SimardCpeople know much about the plex “tree societies”Dif “mother trees” are cut down，the survival for the entire forest will be affected答案D推理判断题。根据第四段第三句“When humans cut down mother trees with no awareness of these highly plex tree societies or the networks on which they feed，we are reducing the chances of survival for the entire forest.”可推断出，砍掉“母亲树”会影响整片森林的生存状况。故答案选D。7The underlined word “it” in the last paragraph refers to _Ahow trees grow oldBhow “tree societies” workChow forestry industry developsDhow young trees survive答案B代词指代题。画线词出现在第五段段首，所以应该到上一段段末寻找it所指代的内容。上段最后一句指出，砍掉“母亲树”会影响整片森林的生存状况，由此可推断出，it指的是“树的社会”是如何运转的。故答案选B。C(2019丽水模拟)A new study shows that rising levels of planetwarming gases may reduce important nutrients(营养物) in food crops.Researchers studied the effects of carbon dioxide on rice.In the experiment, scientists grew 18 kinds of rice in fields in China and Japan.They set carbon dioxide levels to what scientists are predicting for our planet by the end of the century.Rice grown under high carbon dioxide conditions had, on average, 13 to 30 percent lower levels of four B vitamins and 10 percent less protein (蛋白质)The crops also had 8 percent less iron and 5 percent less zinc than rice grown under normal conditions.However, vitamin E levels increased by about 13 percent on average.The researchers said the effects of planetwarming gases would be most severe for the poorest citizens in some of the least developed countries.These people generally eat the most rice and have the least plex diets.That includes about 600 million people in Indonesia, Cambodia, Myanmar, Bangladesh，Laos and other nations, mainly in Southeast Asia.Other studies have shown that higher temperatures from climate change and weather extremes will reduce food production.And scientists are finding that rising levels of carbon dioxide and other planetwarming gases threaten food quality.Earlier studies showed that wheat, rice, field peas and soybeans grown under high carbon dioxide conditions all had lower levels of protein and minerals.Scientists predicted that almost 150 million people might be at risk of having too little protein or zinc in their diet by 2050.The new study suggests a way to lower the nutritional harm of climate change.That is to grow different forms of rice that can adapt to higher carbon dioxide levels.【语篇解读】本文介绍了温室气体如何减少粮食作物中的营养物质以及降低气候变化对营养物的损害的方法。8Growing rice under high carbon dioxide condition
展开阅读全文