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Unit 2 Cloning一、课前基础自查(一)分类记单词省时高效.阅读单词(知其意)1twin n双胞胎之一；孪生儿之一adj. 成对的；成双的2straightforward adj. 简单的；直接的；坦率的3arbitrary adj. 任意的4medium n. 媒介；手段；工具5fate n. 命运；天命6conservative adj. 保守的；守旧的7constitution n. 宪法；章程8pulsory adj. 必须做的；义务的；强迫的；强制的9opera n. 歌剧；歌剧团；歌剧院10chorus n. 合唱；合唱队11loaf n. 一条(面包)12flour n. 面粉13claw n. 爪；脚爪14feather n. 羽毛15turkey n. 火鸡.重点单词(写其形)1exact adj. 精确的；准确的2cast vt. 扔；投；掷3obtain vt. 获得；赢得4.attain vt.获得；到达(水平、年龄、状况等)5forbid vt. 禁止；不准6shortly adv. 立刻；不久7strike v. 打；撞击；罢工n. 罢工8undertake vt. 着手；从事；承担9breakthrough n. 突破10altogether adv. 总共；完全地11vain adj. 虚荣的；自负的；徒劳的12owe vt. 欠(账、钱、人情等)；归功于13initial adj. 最初的；开始的14bother vt. 打扰vi. 操心n. 烦扰15drawback n. 缺点；不利条件16merely adv. 仅；只；不过17unable adj. 不能的；不会的18adore vt. 崇拜；爱慕；喜爱19hatch v. 孵出；孵卵；孵化20moral adj. 道德(上)的；伦理的 .拓展单词(通其变)1differ vi.不同；相异different adj.不同的difference n差异；不同2identical adj.同一的；一模一样的identity n身份；同一性；一致3mercial adj.商业的；贸易的merce n商业；贸易4plicated adj.复杂的；难懂的plicate vt.使复杂化plication n复杂5correction n改正；纠正；修正correct adj.正确的 v改正6object vi.反对；不赞成objection n不赞成；反对；异议7accumulate v积累；聚积accumulation n积累；增加8retire vi.退休；离开retirement n退休；引退9assumption n假定；设想assume vt.假定；设想10regulation n规则；规章；法规regulate vt.调节；管理11popularity n受人喜爱；流行popular adj.流行的；通俗的；受欢迎的12resist vt.抵抗；对抗resistance n抵抗；对抗resistant adj.有抵抗力的；抵制的13decoration n装饰；装修decorate v装饰；装修14reasonable adj.合情理的；讲道理的；公道的reason n原因；道理语境活用1From the appearance, we cannot tell the difference between the twins, though they always have some different ideas.(differ)2Grey decided to move to the countryside and his mother made no objection to it, while his father objected to it.(object)3When you set up your passwords on the Internet, youd better plicate them, because the more plicated your passwords are, the safer your Internet bees.(plication)4The purpose of education is not only the accumulation of knowledge but it also means accumulating intelligence as well as abilities.(accumulate)5Dont assume that you are a princess and stop living in assumptions any more.(assume)6Nowadays few people can resist the temptation of smartphones, for so many interesting things in them make anyone trying to be resistant to them finally give up their resistance.(resist)7He retired from the post as a manager. After his retirement,_he settled down in a remote village.(retire)(二)练中记短语记牢用活写准记牢语境活用(选用左栏短语填空)1.object_to反对；不赞成2pay_off 得到好结果；取得成功；偿清3in_vain 白费力气；枉费心机4in_favour_of 赞成；支持5from_time_to_time 不时；偶尔6bring_back_to_life 使复生；使复活7cast_down 使失望；使沮丧8(be)_bound_to_(do)_. 一定或注定(做)9strike_.into_ones_heart 使刻骨铭心10in_good/poor_condition 状况很好(坏)；情况很好(坏)1.His hard work paid_off when he won the prize.2The people who objected_to cloning human beings went on strike and held up the traffic.3Everyone in the class voted in_favour_of the dancing party.4I have tried very hard to find a solution to the problem, but in_vain.5A dishonest person is_bound_to meet with setbacks sooner or later.6In making scientific experiments, we should not be cast_down by temporary setbacks.(三)仿写明句式以用为本教材原句句式解读句式仿写1.Then came the disturbing news that Dolly had bee seriously ill.接着传来了多莉病重的坏消息。then 位于句首的全部倒装句。接着传来了港珠澳大桥全线通车的令人兴奋的消息。Then_came_the_exciting_news_that the Hong KongZhuhaiMacao Bridge was fully open to traffic. 2.What do you think is the writers point of view in this reading passage?你认为这篇阅读材料中作者的观点是什么？do you think作插入语。这本书中你认为哪一部分最有趣？Which_part_of_this_book_do_you_think is the most interesting？3.Diversity in a group means having animals with their genes arranged in different ways.种群多样性是指种群中动物的基因以不同的方式排列。with复合结构在句中作后置定语。她给我发了一封邮件，里面有很多她在美国拍的照片。She sent me an email with_many_pictures_taken_in_America.4.The advantage is that if there is a new illness some of these animals may die .其优点是如果发生某种新的疾病，这类动物中的一些可能会死掉that引导的表语从句。骑自行车上班的优势是我们可以过低碳生活。The advantage of cycling to work is_that_we_can_live_a_lowcarbon_life.二、课堂重点深化1object vi.反对；不赞成 n物体；目标自主体验单句语法填空A majority of students objected to being_arranged (arrange) for extra lessons during holidays and weekends.As far as Im concerned, I have an objection (object) to charging for parking.系统归纳(1)object to反对；不赞成(to是介词)(2)objection n. 反对；异议；不赞成have/take/make an objection to (doing) sth. 对(做)某事表示反对raise an objection to sth.对某事提出异议(3)objective adj. 客观的；无偏见的；真实的；宾格的重点强化易错对对碰(object/oppose)Sometimes, some students object to the idea that English classes are taught in English.To my fort, only a few people opposed building a new bridge.佳句时时写(2018江苏高考书面表达)停止盲目追随排名很有必要，对于排名我们要持客观态度。It is necessary to stop following ratings blindly and we should hold_an_objective_attitude_towards_it.名师指津object表示“反对”时，为不及物动词，加宾语时需加介词to，而oppose表示“反对”时，为及物动词，可直接加宾语。2forbid vt.(forbade, forbad; forbidden)禁止；不准自主体验单句语法填空It is high time that we forbade setting (set) off fireworks in urban areas!You are forbidden to_leave (leave) the room unless you apologize for what you have done.系统归纳forbid doing sth.禁止做某事forbid sb. to do sth.forbid sb. from doing sth. 禁止某人做某事重点强化佳句时时写我认为禁止商店和超市提供免费的塑料购物袋是必要的。I think it necessary to forbid_shops_and_supermarkets_from_offering free plastic shopping bags.名师指津forbid后不能直接跟动词不定式作宾语，但可直接跟动名词作宾语，也可用forbid sb. to do sth.形式，有类似用法的单词还有：allow, permit, advise等。3owe vt.欠(账、钱、人情等)；归功于；应感谢自主体验单句语法填空My English teacher is such a great soul, to whom I owe many thanks.I must say I owe all the achievements to the encouragement and help from my colleagues and friends.I owe it to you that I have made great progress in my English.系统归纳owe sth. to sb.把某事归功于某人owe it to sb. that . 把归功于某人owing to 因为；由于重点强化佳句时时写(2015江苏高考书面表达)尽管大规模地建造道路和高速公路，但是由于近些年来汽车越来越多，所以仍然有许多改进的空间。In spite of the largescale construction of roads and highways, there is still much room for improvement, owing_to_the_ever_increasing_number_of_cars_these_years.4bother vt.打扰vi.操心n.烦扰自主体验单句语法填空He is always bothering me to_lend (lend) him money.Dont bother to_look/looking (look) for my umbrella, and it will turn up some day.Sometimes I act as a listening ear for fellow students to talk over what is bothering (bother) them.系统归纳bother to do sth.操心/费心做某事bother doing sth. 费心做某事bother sb. with sth. 为某事打扰某人bother sb. to do sth. 麻烦某人做某事重点强化佳句时时写(2016全国卷书面表达)我确实需要你提出些宝贵的建议，希望不会打扰你太多。I do need your valuable suggestions, hoping_it_wont_bother_you_much.僻义牢牢记 Nothing I do makes any difference anyway, so why bother？费时；费劲；费心5strike v(struck, struck)打；撞击；罢工；袭击；报时n.罢工自主体验单句语法填空Struck (strike) by the beauty of the West Lake, we stopped to admire the beautiful scenery.Meeting my dear teachers and fellow students after so many years was indeed a warm occasion, one Id strike into my heart forever.系统归纳be struck by 被打动/迷住了it strikes/hits/occurs to sb. that . 某人突然想起strike . into ones heart 使刻骨铭心重点强化易错对对碰(strike/occur)It struck me that playing against the other team was a great learning moment for all the girls on the team.It occurred to me that playing against the other team was a great learning moment for all the girls on the team.佳句时时写(2018北京高考书面表达)所有的国际生被我的介绍深深地打动了。All_the_international_students_were_deeply_struck_by_my_introduction.1pay off得到好结果；取得成功；偿清系统归纳pay for付钱；为付出代价pay a visit to 参观；拜访pay attention to 注意；留心重点强化单句语法填空(2017天津高考)Will you please pay a visit to Tianjin again so that we may meet again?Id also like to know how much I have to pay for the course and whether acmodation is included.佳句时时写正如谚语所说，有志者事竟成。我们的努力早晚会得到回报。As a proverb goes, where there is a will, there is a way. Our_efforts_will_pay_off_sooner_or_later.名师指津pay off表示“得到回报；取得成功”时是不及物动词短语，不用于被动语态。2in good/poor condition状况很好(坏)；情况很好(坏)系统归纳out of condition健康状况欠佳on no condition 一点也不；决不(放在句首时，用部分倒装语序)on condition that . 在条件下；倘若；只要重点强化单句语法填空He said he was out of condition and was unable to take part in the sports meeting.补全句子The teacher always reminds us, “On no condition can_we_give_up our dreams.”老师总是告诫我们“我们决不能放弃我们的梦想”。佳句时时写(2018江苏高考书面表达)只要我们恰当使用这些排名(ratings)，它们在很多方面对我们是有利的。On_condition_that_we_use_these_ratings_properly,_they will benefit us in many ways.3that引导的表语从句教材原句The advantage is that_if_there_is_a_new_illness_some_of_these animals_may_die,_but others will survive and pass on the ability to resist that disease to the next generation.自主体验The advantage of smiling is that it can not only make us happy, but also please others.(2018江苏高考)By boat is the only way to get here, which is how we arrived.(2018全国卷)But good news is that therere really only three kinds of decisions you need to make about color in your home.(2018北京高考)This is what my father has taught me to always face difficulties and hope for the best.归纳点拨用法规则(1)that引导表语从句时在句中无词义，但通常不能省略。(2)除了经常考查that引导的表语从句，what，where，how，why，because引导的表语从句也是考查的重点。做这一类题目的关键点在于理清楚句子的逻辑关系和句意。注意事项另外，that还可以引导主语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句等。佳句背诵(增分要点句)(2018北京高考书面表达)The reason why I think Beijing Language and Culture University is an ideal place for you is that the university is known for its language and culture courses intended for international students.(精彩收尾句)(2018全国卷书面表达)I have the confidence that you will have a great time.本单元语篇话题与新课程主题语境“人与社会”中的“克隆技术”子话题相对应一、话题语素积累多一点子话题克隆技术(一)浅易词汇温一温clonecloningcureproducearise benefit beneficial terrifyreplace refuse research resist(二)生疏词汇记一记biotechnology n生物科技 biochemistry n. 生物化学transplant n& vt. 移植 explore v. 探索reveal v. 揭示 plex adj. 复杂的unique adj. 独特的 system n. 系统；体系database n. 数据库 issue n. 话题breakthrough n. 突破 species n. 种类cell n. 细胞 implant v. 植入significance n. 重要；重要性accessible adj. 可利用的；可获得的(三)常用词块忆一忆heated debate 激烈的争论serious diseases 严重的疾病respect life 尊重生命be against 反对superman race 超人人种draw upon 利用bee a reality 成为现实be proud of 为骄傲municate with 交流is beneficial to 对有益in many aspects 在诸多方面bring about 带来endangered wildlife 濒危野生生物bring back to life 使复活testtube baby 试管婴儿work wonders 创造奇迹make a breakthrough 取得突破性进展(四)写作佳句背一背There is also a fierce debate over the question whether cloning experiments should be allowed.Whats more, if the technology of cloning is taken advantage of by evil leaders, it will be very dangerous.Cloning will greatly benefit humans, but there is a long way to go before it can be used to clone humans as there are a lot of problems remaining to be solved.二、“分步写作”表达准一点读后续写情节发展合理化阅读下面短文，根据所给情节进行续写，使之构成一个完整的故事。Walking up to the ringing phone, I looked at my clock. Midnight. Panicky thoughts filled my sleepy mind as I grabbed the receiver.“Hello？” My heart pounded.“Mama？” The voice answered. My thoughts immediately went to my_daughter.When I heard the sound of a young crying_voice,_I grabbed my_husband.“Mama, I know its late. But dont say anything until I finish. And before you ask, yes, Ive been drinking. I nearly ran off the road a few miles back and .”I took a sharp breath,_released my husband, and pressed my hand against my forehead (额头). Something wasnt right.“ And I got so scared. I want to e home. I know running away was wrong. I should have called you days ago but I was afraid . ”I tried to talk: “I think .”“No! Please let me finish！” She said, desperately. Before I could go on, she continued. “Im pregnant (怀孕的), Mama. I know I shouldnt be drinking . but Im scared, Mama.”I bit into my lip (嘴唇), feeling my eyes filled with tears. My husband left the room, and returned seconds later with a cellphone against his ear. She asked, “Are you still there? Please dont hang up on me! I feel so lonely.”I held the phone. “Im here. I wouldnt hang up，” I said.“I should have told you, Mama. But when we talk, you just keep telling me what I should do. You read all those pamphlets (手册) on how to talk to kids,_but all you do is talk. You dont listen to me. Because youre my mother,_you think you have all the answers. But sometimes I dont need answers. I just want someone to listen.”I stared at the howtotalktoyourkids pamphlets on my nightstand (床头柜)“ Im listening，” I whispered.Then she said she had called a taxi. When the taxi arrived, she hung up.注意：1.所续写短文的词数应为150左右；2至少使用5个短文中标有下划线的关键词语；3续写部分分为两段，每段的开头语已为你写好；4续写完成后，请用下划线标出你所使用的关键词语。Paragraph 1：I went to my 16yearold daughters room. Paragraph 2：I looked at our sleeping daughter. 写作步骤第一步：速读全文文本大意：作者接到了一个电话，电话中的女孩错把作者当成自己的妈妈，女孩跟作者说的一些话触动了作者的心灵。叙述意图：文章告诉我们要学会倾听。第二步：细读全文1所给短文情景模式分析。whoI, a young girl, my daughter, my husbandwhatA young girl mistook the author for her mother and called to tell the author to learn to listen to her. whenmidnightwhereat homewhyThe girl ran away from home and felt lonely. She wanted her mother to listen to her.2对原文所提供的下划线词语进行分类。人物：my daughter, my husband, kid, mother事件：crying voice, wrong动作与心理描写：breath, call, return, listen第三步：精心谋篇1Paragraph 1：I went to my 16yearold daughters room. 我去了我16岁女儿的房间。情节分析根据前文“电话中的女孩错把作者当成自己的妈妈，女孩跟作者说的一些话触动了作者的心灵”这一故事情节，并结合“I went to my 16yearold daughters room.”这一开头语，合理想象作者去女儿卧室后发生的事情和相应的心理活动。进入卧室发现女儿在熟睡，结合全文主题“倾听”，可知夫妻二人会从中得到启发，要学会倾听。2Paragraph 2：I looked at our sleeping daughter.我看着我们熟睡的女儿。情节分析根据段首句可知，此处作者应该先叙述女儿现在睡觉的情况，她面带微笑地睡着了，她不知道发生了什么事，她不知道她妈妈刚刚学到了一些重要的东西。最后要回归主题学会倾听。第四步：初写成文Paragraph 1：1我丈夫从后面过来。My husband came from_behind.2我女儿静静地睡着。My daughter was_sleeping_quietly.3我看着我的丈夫，他也看着我。I looked at my husband, and he was also looking_at me.4“我们必须学会倾听，”我对他说。“We have to learn_to_listen，” I said to him.5他打量了我一会儿，然后问道：“你认为她会知道她打错电话了吗？”He studied me for a second, and then asked, “Do you think she will ever know that she dialed_the_wrong_number？”Paragraph 2：6她面带微笑地睡着。She was sleeping and there was a smile on_her_face.7也许她正在做一个好梦。Maybe she was having a_nice_dream.8她不知道发生了什么事。She didnt know what_had_happened.9她不知道她妈妈刚刚学到了一些重要的东西。She didnt know her mother had learned something_important just now.10告诉孩子们该做什么是必要的，但更重要的是要听他们说。Its necessary to tell children what to do, but its_more_important to listen to them.11我在那里站了一会儿，想了整件事情。I stood_there_for_a_while and thought about the whole thing.12我回头看了看我的丈夫，对他说：“也许这不是一个错的号码。”I looked_back_at my husband and said to him, “Maybe it wasnt such a wrong number.”第五步：润色升级1用with复合结构改写要点6。She_was_sleeping_with_a_smile_on_her_face.2用同源宾语结构改写要点7。Maybe_she_was_dreaming_a_nice_dream.3用分词作状语改写要点11。I_stood_there_for_a_while,_thinking_about_the_whole_thing.第六步：复查定稿Paragraph 1：I went to my 16yearold daughters room.My_husband came from behind. My_daughter was sleeping quietly. I looked at my husband, and he was also looking at me. “We have to learn to listen，” I said to him. He studied me for a second, and then asked, “Do you think she will ever know that she dialed the wrong number？”Paragraph 2：I looked at our sleeping daughter. She was sleeping with a smile on her face. Maybe she was dreaming a nice dream. She didnt know what had happened. She didnt know her mother had learned something important just now. Its necessary to tell children what to do, but its more important to listen to them. I stood there for a while, thinking about the whole thing. Then I looked back at my husband and said to him, “Maybe it wasnt such a wrong number.”一、复现单元考点增强备考信心.高考中的语法填空1(2018江苏高考)Try to understand whats actually happening instead of acting on the assumption (assume) youve made.2(2017北京高考)Jim has_retired (retire), but he still remembers the happy time spent with his students.3(2016浙江高考)In many ways, the education system in the US is not very different (differ) from that in the UK.4(2015全国卷)As natural architects, the Pueblo Indians figured out exactly (exact) how thick the adobe walls needed to be to make the cycle work on most days.5(2015湖北高考)He gave himself a new name to hide his identity (identical) when he went to carry out the secret task.6(2013广东高考)“That would be a very reasonable (reason)thing to do in a big city, but it could destroy a small village like ours，” Nick said.高考中的完形填空(选用owe, strike, forbid, bother, obtain, pay off填空)1(2017天津高考完形填空)My goal was to lose 150 pounds in one year and raise 50,000 in support of a movement founded 30 years ago to end hunger. This bination of healing myself and healing the world_26_ me as the perfect solution.struck 2(2015浙江高考完形填空)They have loans, bills, a mortgage (抵押贷款) to _35_， retirement to save for.pay_off3(2015北京高考完形填空)Darios mother smiled at Mrs. Gilbert. “I think maybe we_50_ you an apology，” she said. “I didnt realize how late it was when we were playing. Maybe we should play some quieter music at night.”owe4(2015四川高考完形填空)The next time, I had my camera ready to record what you see here, one of several dozen such pictures. So long as she had a slice to eat, she never _29_ the one on her head.bothered 5(2014全国卷完形填空)And then, how many adults, who now plain (抱怨) about the long drives to work, eagerly drove for hours at a time when they first _54_ their drivers licenses (执照)？obtained 6(2014重庆高考完形填空)Wearing proper clothes is important too, for locals will judge you by what you wear. In some Middle Eastern countries, exposing your flesh is _33_， especially if you are a woman. So leave your torn jeans at home.forbidden二、复现话题词汇提高阅读准度新高考下的命题新视角：随着科技的飞速发展，“克隆技术”等逐渐成为热议话题，同时也受到高考取材的青睐。对于热点问题的争论也会越来越多，因此应多关注此类问题的动态，并以此来促进英语学习。话题感悟学习目标 语篇复现词汇，活学活用记忆更深(加蓝词汇为本单元话题词汇，读文时请揣摩其用法)1China became the first country to clone a monkey using nonreproductive cells, scientists said on Thursday. By December, the Chinese Academy of Sciences had created two clone macaques (猕猴) named “Zhong Zhong” and “Hua Hua” by nuclear transfer (核移植) of body cells any cell in the organism other than reproductive cells. This was the similar technology used to create the famous clone sheep Dolly in 1996.2Tetra, a monkey born in 1999, is the worlds first evercloned monkey, but it was done using a simpler method called embryo splitting, and cannot be genetically modified (改造) to suit experimental needs, said Pu Muming, a leading researcher at the Chinese Academy of Sciences. Cloning a monkey using body cells has been a worldclass challenge because it is a primate (灵长类) that shares its genetic makeup with humans, he said.3For drug and other lab tests, scientists have to purchase monkeys from all over the world, which is costly, bad for the environment and produces inaccurate results because each monkey might have different genes, Pu said.4“By cloning monkeys using body cells, we can reproduce a large number of genetically identical monkeys in a short amount of tim
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