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寒假训练01 Unit1 Great Scientists一、单词拼写1._n.特征；特性2._vt.打败；战胜；使受挫（n.）失败3._n.治愈；痊愈（vt.）治愈；治疗4._vt.吸收；吸引；使专心5._vt.遇见；预知6._vt.认为；怀疑7._vt.向挑战8._adj.小心的；谨慎的9._vt.捐献；贡献10._vt.暴露；揭露二、完成句子11. Parents should try to _ (改掉孩子的坏习惯).12. As we all know, the scientist _(已经做出了重大贡献) to the world.13. The company is _ (处于控制中) the youngest son of that rich man.14. The water company _(接到指令) not to expose people to polluted water. 15. It is suggested that he _ (参加) the club activities.三、单项选择16. I feel it is your husband who _ for the spoiled child. A. is to blameB. is going to blame C. is to be blamed D. should blame17. The famous actor personally _ $500 million to the quake-hit areas.A. controlled B. conductedC. contributedD. constructed 18. It was the serious water pollution that _ the death of the thousands of fishes.A. came aboutB. resulted from C. led toD. made up19. The doctor told him not to leave his wound _.A. exposedB. to expose C. to be exposed D. exposing20. I have read the material several times but it doesnt make any _ to me. A. meaningB. importance C. sense D. significance21. Most people didnt accept the theory when it was first_.A. set aboutB. set off C. put forward D. put out22. Your son is naughty. Eh, and in addition, he has got into some bad habits. I think I should _.A. cure them of him B. cure him of them C. cure them off him D. cure him off them23. _you talk to someone or write a message，you show your skills to others.A. At times B. Some timeC. Every time D. The time24. When I opened the door, I found my father sitting in his chair, completely _ in a book he was reading.A. absorbed B. losing C. attracted D. addicted25. The lights were left on all night long. Oh. It seems that Tom is _. Only he stayed in the classroom when I left yesterday evening.A. blaming B. blamed C. to blame D. to be blamed四、阅读理解A【2018年甘肃省临夏中学第一学期期中考试】He is regarded as having one of the brightest minds on the planet. But outstanding astrophysicist(天体物理学家) Stephen Hawking has admitted that he did not learn to read until he was eight years old. In a public lecture at the Royal Albert Hall, Professor Hawking also admitted that he was not active in studying while at Oxford University, where he studied physics, and that only the diagnosis that he might die young from motor neurone(神经元) disease made him concentrate on his work.Professor Hawking said: “My sister Philippa could read by the age of 4 and then she was definitely brighter than me.” He said that he was unexceptional at school and was never further than halfway up his class. “My classwork was very untidy, and my handwriting was the despair of my teachers,” he said. “But my classmates gave me the nickname Einstein, so presumably they saw signs of something better.”But he said that it was when doctors told him that he probably only had a few years to live at the age of 21 that galvanized him into focusing on his work and a period of productivity that resulted in some of his early breakthroughs. He said, “When you are faced with the possibility of an early death, it makes you realize that life is worth living and there are lots of things you want to do.”26. Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?A. Stephen Hawking is the second Einstein in the world.B. Stephen Hawking couldnt read at the age of 7.C. Stephen Hawkings handwriting was once terribly bad.D. Stephen Hawkings sister once performed much better than him.27. What made Stephen Hawking devote himself to his work?A. Patience. B. Knowledge.C. Disease. D. Laziness.28. What can we learn from the last paragraph?A. Stephen Hawking didnt realize his dreams in physics.B. It was possible for Hawking to face the early death.C. The purpose of the doctors diagnosis was to encourage him to work hard.D. His life might be taken away by long hard work.29. From whom did Hawking get a relatively just estimation when he was at school?A. His sister. B. His classmates.C. His teachers. D. His parents.B【2018年陕西省西安市长安区第一中学高三上学期第六次质量检测】Scientists have found living organisms trapped incrystals（晶体）that could be 50,000 years old. The organisms were found in a hot, but beautiful cave system in Naica, Mexico. These ancient life forms can be seen only with a microscope. Penelope Boston, who leads the Astrobiology Institute at NASA, the space agency of the United States, says the ancient microbes were able to live by eating minerals such as iron. She spoke about the discovery recently at a meeting of the American Association for the Advancement of Science. If the findings are confirmed, they will show how microbes can survive in extreme conditions. Forty different kinds of microbes and some viruses were found in the underground area. The genetic structures of these organisms are 10 percent different from those of their nearest relatives. The caves in Naica are 800 kilometers deep. They were once used for mining lead. Before the miners began working in the caves, the area was separatedfrom the surface and the outside world. Some of the caves are as big as the large religious centers built during Europes Middle Ages. There are crystals covering the walls. The caves are so hot that scientists must wear special clothing to keep cool. The clothing keeps the crystals safe from human germs（病菌）or other damage. Boston said the researchers could only work for about 20 minutes at a time before they had to go to a room that was 38 degrees Celsius to cool down.NASA officials would not let Boston share her findings with scientific experts before last weeks announcement. So scientists could not say much about the findings. But Norine Noonan, a biologist with the University of South Florida, said she believed them. Why are we surprised? Noonan asked. As a biologist, I would say life on Earth is extremely tough and extremely colorful. Boston is also studying microbes commonly found inside caves in other countries, such as Ukraine and the United States. These microbes appear to be impossible to kill. Boston said they show how difficult life on Earth can be.30. The existence of the ancient microbes relies on _.A. surrounding insectsB. diverse plantsC. eating minerals D. absorbing air31.What can we infer about the caves in Naica from the passage? A. The temperature in the caves is quite low.B. The caves have been explored since they were formed.C. The walls are covered by crystals.D. The environment in the caves is difficult to adapt to.32.What is the biologist Norine Noonans attitude towards the findings? A. Neutral. B. Positive. C. Doubtful. D. Indifferent.33. Whats the main idea of the passage?A. Living organisms bring hope to scientific research.B. Scientists discover 50,000-year-old “super life” in Mexico.C. Microbes show great power to survive in terrible conditions.D. Caves provide living environment for living organisms.五、七选五【2016年北京高考试题】The Science of RiskSeekingSometimes we decide that a little unnecessary danger is worth it because when we weigh the risk and the reward, the risk seems worth tasking._34_Some of us enjoy activities that would surprise and scare the rest of us. Why? Experts say it may have to do with how our brains work.The reason why any of us take any risks at all might have to do with early humans.Risk-takers were better at hunting, fighting, or exploring._35_As the quality of risk-taking was passed from one generation to the next, humans ended up with a sense of adventure and a tolerance for risk.So why arent we all jumping out of airplanes then? Well, even 200,000 years ago, too much risk-taking could get one killed. A few daring survived, though, along with a few stay-in-the-cave types. As a result, humans developed a range of character types that still exists today.So maybe you love car racing, or maybe you hate it._36_No matter where you are on the risk-seeking range, scientists say that your willingness to take risks increases during your teenage years._37_To help you do that, your brain increases your hunger for new experiences. New experiences often mean taking some risks, so your brain raises your tolerance for risk as well._38_For the risk-seekers a part of the brain related to pleasure becomes active, while for the rest of us, a part of the brain related to fear becomes active.As experts continue to study the science of risk-seeking, well continue to hit the mountains, the waves or the shallow end of the pool.A. It all depends on your character.B. Those are the risks you should jump to take.C. Being better at those things meant a greater chance of survival.D. Thus, these wellequipped people survived because they were the fittest.E. This is when you start to move away from your family and into the bigger world.F. However, we are not all using the same reference standard to weigh risks and rewards.G. New brain research suggests our brains work differently when we face a nervous situation.寒假训练01 Unit1 Great Scientists一、单词拼写【答案】1.characteristic2.defeat3.cure4.absorb5.foresee6.suspect 7.challenge8.cautious9.contribute10.expose二、完成句子【答案】11. cure their children of bad habits 12. has made great contributions 13. under the control of 14. was instructed 15. （should）join in三、单项选择【答案】16-20ACCAC 21-25CBCAC【解析】16. be to blame 该受到责备，主动表被动含义。17. contribute捐献；control 控制；conduct 引导，传导；construct 修建。18. lead to导致；result from由.产生；come about 发生；make up 弥补，编造。这是个强调句，句意：是严重的水污染导致了这几千条鱼的死亡。19. leave sth. exposed 使某物处于被暴露的状态。exposed是过去分词作宾语补足语，与宾语是被动关系。20. make sense 表示“有意义，讲得通”。21. set about 着手；set off 出发；put forward 提出；put out 扑灭。22. cure sb. of sth. 治好某人的，此句中引申为“纠正某人的”。23. 句意：每次你同别人谈话或写信息时，你就把你的技巧呈现给别人了。every time “每当的时候”，引导时间状语从句；其他三项都不能引导时间状语从句，故可排除。24. be absorbed in 全神贯注于，专心于，也可以用be lost in，此处去掉be，用过去分词作状语，表示状态；attract表示“被吸引”多用“be attracted by”； be addicted to表示“痴迷，上瘾”。25. sb. is to blame意为“某人该受责备，是某人的过错”。四、阅读理解A【语篇解析】文章大意：文章向我们介绍了传奇科学家霍金。【答案】26-29 ACBB【解析】26.细节理解题。由第三段的“But my classmates gave me the nickname Einstein，so presumably they saw signs of something better.”可知绰号“爱因斯坦”是同学给起的，但并不意味着他就是第二个爱因斯坦。故A项不符合文意。27.细节理解题。由第二段最后一句“.only the diagnosis that he might die young from motor neurone disease made him concentrate on his work.”可知，是“运动神经元疾病”促使他有所作为。故选C项。28.段落大意题。由最后一段，特别是信息句He said，“When you are faced with the possibility of an early death, it makes you realize that life is worth living and there are lots of things you want to do.”可知，他有可能要面对英年早逝的不幸事实。故选B项。29.细节理解题。根据第三段最后霍金的话可知，尽管老师不看好他，同学们仍给他“爱因斯坦”的绰号，他们从他身上看到好的一面。B【语篇解析】本文报道科学家在墨西哥发现50000岁的“超级生命”。【答案】30-33CDBB【解析】30.细节理解题。根据第二段“the ancient microbes were able to live by eating minerals such as iron”可知，古老的微生物的存在依赖于吃矿物质。故选C。31.推理判断题。根据第四段“The caves are so hot that scientists must wear special clothing to keep cool.”和“the researchers could only work for about 20 minutes at a time”可推知，洞穴内的环境很糟糕，不适合进入。因此D选项“The environment in the caves is difficult to adapt to（很难适应）”正确，故选D。选项A中的“low”与原文不符，故排除A。选项B中的“have been explored since they were formed”意为“自从成形以来已经被探索”与原文第四段的“Before the miners began working in the caves, the area was separated from（与隔离）the surface and the outside world.”不符，故排除B。选项C中的“The walls are covered by crystals”在原文第四段的“There are crystals covering the walls”直接表现出来，不属于推断出来的，故排除C。故选D。32.观点态度题。根据倒数第二段“she believed them”和她说的话“Why are we surprised?”以及“life on Earth is extremely tough and extremely colorful”可推知，Norine Noonan对这个发现的态度是正面肯定的，故B选项“Positive（积极的）”正确。选项A“Neutral”意为“中立的”，选项C“Doubtful”意为“怀疑的”，选项D“Indifferent”意为“漠不关心的”，均不符合文意，排除A，C和D。故选B。33.主旨大意题。根据第一段中心段和整篇文章的描述，文章第一段由“Scientists have found living organisms（生物体）trapped in crystals that could be 50，000 years old.”引入，接下来五个段落都围绕这个生物体和研究发现展开描述，故选项B正确。A选项“bring hope toscientific research.（给带来希望）”在文中没有体现，故排除A；C选项“show great power to survive”偏离文章讨论的中心，故排除C；D选项“Caves provide living environment for living organisms”没有点出文章主要讨论的这项研究，故排除D。故选B。五、七选五【语篇解析】文章大意：这是一篇说明文，作者讲的是有关冒险的科学的探索方面的内容。【答案】34-38 FCAEG【解析】34. 选项F中的“weigh risks and rewards”与上文的“weigh the risk and the reward”相呼应，故F项符合语境。35. 选项C中的“Being better at those things”与上文的“were better at hunting, fighting, or exploring”相呼应，因此选C。36. 前文说人们有各种不同的性格，因此你可能喜欢赛车，或者讨厌赛车，故A项“这完全是由你的性格决定的”符合语境。37. 根据上文的“your willingness.teenage years”及下文的“hunger for new experiences.”可知E项符合语境。38. 根据空后的“For the risk-seekers.becomes active”可知，此处讲的是面对紧张的局面时我们的大脑会有不同的反应，故G项符合语境。
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