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Great Scientists一、阅读理解。阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项。A gunman killed two members of a television news crew in the United States earlier this week.Their TV station broadcast the shooting“live” in real time.The shooting shocked many Americans and people around the world.One US teenager wants to help prevent such attacks.Kai Kloepfer lives in Boulder，Colorado.He has a talent for technology.He has been teaching himself engineering skills since he was a child.Hearing of so many gun attacks，he decided to use his skills to help prevent mass shootings.The young mans goal was to make a gun that would not work in the hands of a killer.But he knew it would be impossible for him to stop dangerous people from buying guns.So he changed direction.He decided to create a gun designed to prevent accidental shootings.The gun Kai Kloepfer designed only works when unlocked by the fingerprint of the owner，and not by anyone else.The gun only recognizes the touch of its owner.It took the teenager seven months and over 1,500 hours to create a plastic model of his“smart gun”He entered his fingerprint handgun in a local science fair and won.His award included a financial prize.He received$50,000.The money is to support improvement in gun safety.Kai Kloepfer is now 18 years old.He has been using the grant money to improve the technology.He says the weapon he designed doesnt change the function of a firearm at all.It just makes it safer.He is now working to add the fingerprint lock technology to a real gun.He says he expects to one day see his “smart gun”for sale next to other firearms.The young man plans to spend the next year improving his fingerprint handgun.Then he will start college at one of the worlds top universitiesthe Massachusetts Institute of Technology.1Why does Kai Kloepfer try to invent the gun?ATo prevent people from buying guns.BTo protect peoples lives.CTo limit functions of a gun.DTo reduce power of a gun.2The gun created by Kai Kloepfer is controlled by the owners fingerprint to _.Akeep it convenient to useBmake it safe to carry aroundCprotect its owner from harmDavoid being used by others3How is the progress of Kai Kloepfers gun invention?AIt is being shown in a fair.BIt is under further research.CIt will soon e into the market.DIt needs designing once again.4Whats Kai Kloepfers wish for his fingerprint gun?AIt will bring enough money for him.BIt will replace traditional guns.CIt can be sold on the market.DIt can help forbid the use of guns.【解题导语】本篇文章是记叙文，讲述了美国一名科技爱好青年Kai Kloepfer改良枪支的故事。1B考查推理判断。根据第二段的“Hearing of so many gun attacks, he decided to use his skills to help prevent mass shootings”和第三段的“He decided to create a gun designed to prevent accidental shootings”可推知，选项B“为了保护人们的生命”是正确的，所以选B。2D考查推理判断。根据第三段的“The gun Kai Kloepfer designed only works when unlocked by the fingerprint of the owner，and not by anyone else.The gun only recognizes the touch of its owner”可知，Kai Kloepfer设计的枪只有枪的主人用指纹才能打开，而其他任何人都无法使用该枪。这支枪只识别其主人的触摸。因此选项D“避免被别人使用”正确。3B考查推理判断。根据第五段的“He has been using the grant money to improve the technology”和“He is now working to add the fingerprint lock technology to a real gun”可知，他一直在使用这笔奖金来提高技术，并致力于把指纹锁技术运用到真枪中。选项B“手枪的技术正在深入研究之中”是可以推理出来的，所以选B。4C考查细节理解。根据第五段的“He says he expects to one day see his smart gunfor sale next to other firearms”可知，他期待有一天看到他的智能手枪像其他枪一样被出售，所以选C。二、单句语法填空1Only when he arrived _the meeting begin.答案：did“only状语(从句)”位于句首，句子要部分倒装。由时间状语从句when he arrived可知，应用一般过去时，故填did。2Neither I nor John _(be) tired of the speech. It is interesting.答案：isneither . nor . 连接两个并列主语，谓语动词的数遵循“就近一致”原则，故填is。3_(absorb) in writing a letter, he didnt even look up when I came in.答案：Absorbedbe absorbed in .“全神贯注于”，此处为分词作状语，故填Absorbed。4That you _(expose) to the sunlight for too long will be harmful to your skin.答案：are exposedbe exposed to .“暴露于；接触”。5There is no sense in _(worry) about the future.答案：worryingThere is no sense in (doing) sth. “(做)某事是没有意义的”。6While _(attend) to the central task, we should unfold the work in other fields.答案：attendingattend to “处理；照料”，从句的主语和主句主语一致，且谓语部分含有be动词的相应形式时，可省略从句中的主语和be动词，补充完整为：While we are attending to .，故填attending。7The bank manager was really _(blame), though he tried to put it on a clerk.答案：to blamebe to blame “应受责备；应承担责任”，为主动形式表示被动意义。8Mr Reed made up his mind to contribute all he had to _(set) up some schools for poor children.答案：settingcontribute . to .“为奉献”，其中to为介词，其后应用名词、代词或动名词形式，故填setting。9My parents tend to accept any idea _(put) forward by experts on TV.答案：putput forward “提出”，此处应用过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰名词idea。10I recognized her voice _moment I picked up the receiver.答案：thethe moment “一就”。三、完形填空。(2018山西八校第一次联考)One day，while we were visiting my parents on a farm in late summer，Dad mentioned hed always wanted a Crimson King Maple Tree for the yard.Mom agreed that the trees were _1_.Like many other parents，mine were hard to _2_ for，so I figured this was a great opportunity to get them something theyd _3_.I also thought two would be even better.I checked the _4_ at work and decided it was a bit more than I could _5_but all of my siblings(兄弟姊妹)agreed to give some money to buy the trees.In northern Ohio，you dont plant maple trees at Christmas，so we decided to _6_ Mom and Dad with a special Christmas in October before the ground _7_.We asked my aunt if shed help us with the “_8_”，and she called my parents _9_ to say she was ing for a Sunday visit.Then my sisters and sistersinlaw went into _10_，planning a big holiday turkey dinner.On the _11_ Sunday，we all met at my house and _12_ the trees into a truck.I _13_ as Santa Claus.When we arrived at my parents house，Dad was _14_ something was wrong first.He and Mom were amazed when we told them _15_ we were there.When Christmas _16_，of course，we couldnt go to our parents house emptyhanded，so Mom and Dad got _17_ presents that year.Almost half a century later，I _18_ drive by the old farm and smile when I see those big，handsome _19_ and remember giving a special _20_ to special people at Christmas in October.1A.distinctiveBfragrantCexpensive Dpretty2A.shop BrepresentCanswer Dcare3A.deserve BappreciateCadvertise Dimagine4A.result BnumberCprice Dexpress5A.afford BexpectCfancy Dhandle6A.frighten BassistCsurprise Dreward7A.warmed BfrozeCsoftened Ddarkened8A.trick BpurchaseCchoice Ddecoration9A.in advance Bin timeCby accident Don purpose10A.service BactionCeffect Dproduction11A.regular BseparateCgiven Dchosen12A.sorted BloadedCtransported Dtransplanted13A.dressed up Bpassed offClooked on Dstarted out14A.delighted BannoyedCdisappointed Dconvinced15A.when BhowCwhy Dwhether16A.came around Bdropped outCturned up Ddrew in17A.generous BadditionalCdouble Dspecial18A.even BjustConce Dstill19A.farms BtreesCtrucks Dyards20A.congratulation BgiftCdonation Dgreeting【解题导语】本文为记叙文，涉及家庭关系话题。作者讲述了自己和亲人们一起用特别的方式给其父母带来惊喜的经历。1D上文提及父亲想要在庭院种植一棵枫树，下文提及“those big, handsome”，故此处应是母亲也欣然同意，认为枫树很漂亮(pretty)。distinctive“与众不同的”；fragrant“芳香的”。2A根据上文的“Like many other parents, mine were hard to”，下文的“so I figured this was a great opportunity to get them something”以及接下来介绍的作者兄弟姊妹几人为父母买礼物的内容可知，此处指作者觉得给父母买东西是很难的，故选shop“购物”。3B根据上文的“Dad mentioned hed always wanted a Crimson King Maple Tree for the yard.”及下文介绍的为父母买礼物的内容可知，此处指作者认为这是一个给父母买他们欣赏的东西的好机会。deserve“值得，应得”；appreciate“感激，欣赏”；advertise“为做广告”；imagine“想象”。4C根据下文的“but all of my siblings(兄弟姊妹)agreed to give some money to buy the trees”可知，作者在上班时查看了一下枫树的价格(price)，认为它的价格比自己能支付得起(afford)的还要高一点。express“快递”。5A参见上题解析。6C从下文作者联合其姑姑来帮忙实施这个计划以及计划具体实施的内容可知，作者他们想给父母一个惊喜(surprise)。assist“帮助，协助”。7B根据上下文语境及句中的“In northern Ohio, you dont plant maple trees at Christmas”“a special Christmas in October before the ground”可知，作者他们决定在土地上冻之前让父母度过一个特别的圣诞节。freeze“结冰”符合语境。soften“变软，软化”。8A根据上下文语境可知，作者询问姑姑是否可以帮忙实施这个“骗局(trick)”。9A根据上下文语境可知，作者的姑姑提前(in advance)给作者的父母打电话说她会在周日来拜访。in time“及时”；by accident“意外地”；on purpose“故意地”。10B根据下文的“planning a big holiday turkey dinner”可知，随后，作者的姊妹和嫂子(或弟媳)行动起来。go into action“行动起来”符合语境。go into service“投入使用”；go into effect“生效”；go into production“投产”。11D根据语境可知，作者和亲人们在选定的(chosen)那个周日聚到自己家里。regular“惯常的，有规律的”。12B根据下文的“the trees into a truck”可知，作者他们把树装上(loaded)卡车。transport“运输，运送”；transplant“移植”。13A根据下文的“as Santa Claus”可知，作者把自己装扮(dressed up)成圣诞老人。pass sb./sth.off as“把冒充为”；look on sb./sth.as“把当做”；start out as“以开始，起初是”。14D根据上下文语境及句中的“something was wrong first”可知，作者的父亲一开始坚信哪里出了问题。convinced“确信，坚信”符合语境。15C根据语境可知，当我们告诉他们我们为什么(why)会在那里的时候，父母感到很吃惊。16A根据下文的内容可知，当又到圣诞节时，作者他们去探望父母。e around“再次出现，再度发生”；drop out“退出”；turn up“出现”；draw in“(白天变得)渐短”。17C根据上文的“In northern Ohio, you dont plant maple trees at Christmas so we decided to.with a special Christmas in October”可知，作者他们在十月份的时候已经为父母送上了一份特别的圣诞节礼物，而在真正的圣诞节到来的时候，他们又不能空手去拜访自己的父母，故作者的父母那年是收到了双份的(double)圣诞节礼物。additional“额外的”。18D根据上下文语境可知，时隔几乎半个世纪之后，当作者看到那些高大、漂亮的枫树(trees)时依然(still)会面带微笑地驶过那个农场。19B参见上题解析。20B作者看着那些枫树时，会想起自己多年前在特别的圣诞节送给父母特别的礼物(gift)。上文中的“presents that year”亦是关键提示。donation“捐赠物”；greeting“问候”。四、单句改错1Although defeating in the match, we didnt lose heart._答案：defeatingdefeated此处表示在比赛中被打败，故应用过去分词表被动。2When I opened the door, I found my father sitting in his chair, pletely absorbing in the newspaper._答案：absorbingabsorbed(be) absorbed in “全神贯注于”，此处为过去分词短语作状语。3It makes a sense to work on the problem before it gets out of control._答案：去掉amake sense to do sth. “做某事是明智的，合乎情理的”，为固定用法，故去掉a。4Neither the teacher nor the students is content with the result._答案：isareneither . nor . 连接两主语时，谓语动词应遵循“就近原则”。5The plan was put forward at yesterdays meeting, in my opinion, is quite practical._答案：去掉was或was前加which/that该句中已有谓语动词is, 故put forward at yesterdays meeting为过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰作主语的名词plan；也可用定语从句作定语修饰先行词plan，因此添加定语从句的关系词引出定语从句，关系词在从句中作主语，先行词指物，所以在was前加which/that。五、七选五Are Your Clothes Causing Pollution?Very small pieces of plastic，called microfiber，are polluting rivers and oceans._1_ Clothes worn for outdoor activities and exercise are often made of artificial materials，which are useful in keeping warm.But they contain very small plastic fibers，which may also be harming the environment when you wash them.When people wash these clothes，very small pieces go down the drain(下水道)with the wash water._2_Pollution caused by plastic is not new，but recent studies have shown the effect of microfiber on the environment.Studies show microfiber is ending up in our waters，which may e from waste water treatment factories.A 2015 study found it in fish from California.Microfibers effect on food suppliesBeyond the waterways，the researchers say microfiber may end up in soil and agricultural lands._3_ This means there is much to be learned about microfiber and the environment.Some studies have shown that microfiber ends up inside sea animals，like oysters._4_ Researchers say that the fibers tend not to move into the tissue of the fish，but it needs more study.Steps to keep microfiber from the environmentUntil more information bees known，there are steps to take to reduce the amount of microfiber in the environment.People should use less of the artificial materials.If we already have those in our lives and were using them，an important step would be washing them less._5_ A bag is being designed in which you can wash these clothes.The bag traps the microfiber in it and it may be available for purchase soon.ANew technology may also help.BStudies on how much of the microfiber are released.CThe source of the microfiber may surprise you：your clothes.DWashing machines keep microfiber from escaping with wash water.EStudies on microfiber in the environment.FIt can also move around the atmosphere.GSo if microfiber has been found in fish and seafood，are they safe to eat?【解题导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了微纤维的来源、微纤维对环境以及食物供应的影响和减少微纤维进入环境的措施。1C由文章标题“Are Your Clothes Causing Pollution”可知，本文与衣服导致污染有关，并结合下文可知，造成污染的微纤维来自于有些用人工材料制成的衣服，故C项符合语境。2E根据文章结构可知，空处为该部分小标题。空后的段落主要讲的是微纤维对环境的影响，故E项符合语境。3F结合空前一句中的“the waterways”和“in soil and agricultural lands”可知，研究人员认为微纤维可能扩散到水道，土壤和农田中，故F项“它也能在大气中移动”符合语境。4G空前一句中的“sea animals, like oysters”与G项中的“fish and seafood”相呼应，故G项符合语境。5A空后一句中的“A bag is being designed”正是A项中的“New technology”，故A项符合语境。
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